An Analysis of the Beats from On the Road透过《在路上》分析垮掉的一代.docx
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An Analysis of the Beats from On the Road透过《在路上》分析垮掉的一代.docx
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AnAnalysisoftheBeatsfromOntheRoad透过《在路上》分析垮掉的一代
毕业论文中文摘要
透过《在路上》分析“垮掉的一代”
摘要:
本文试图从《在路上》分析“垮掉的一代”,进而阐明他们的生活态度和生活方式并且从书中总结的一些普遍的“垮掉的一代”的行为特点。
本文分为四部分。
开始部分论述了一些相关信息的“垮掉的一代”,同时,也介绍了论文的研究目的以及研究方法。
第一章简要介绍了《在路上》及其作者杰克·凯鲁亚克。
第二章描述垮掉一代运动的产生因素。
第三章主要联系《在路上》讲述了“垮掉的一代”的行为。
最后一章里主要讲述“垮掉的一代”与嬉皮士爵士音乐和的联系。
结论部分对论文的中心进行了重新的论述。
关键词:
垮掉的一代;《在路上》;杰克.凯鲁亚克;反文化
毕业论文外文摘要
AnAnalysisoftheBeatsfromOntheRoad
Abstract:
ThisthesispreparestoanalyzetheBeatsfromOntheRoad,tryingtointerprettheBeats'visionsandlifestylesfromthebookandthensummarizessomeofthecommoncharacteristicsoftheBeatGeneration.Thepaperincludesfourparts.TheintroductionpartdealswithsomerelatedinformationoftheBeatGeneration.Italsointroducesthepurposeaswellasthemethodofthisresearch.ThefirstchaptergivesabriefintroductionofthebookOntheRoadandtheauthorJackKerouac.ThesecondchapterdescribesthefactorsthattriggertheBeatMovement.Thethirdchaptermainlytellsthedeedsofthebeatsfromthebook.Thelastchapter,ChapterFourconcernstherelationshipbetweenhippies,jazzandthebeats.Theconclusionpartrestatesthethesis.
Keywords:
theBeats;OntheRoad;JackKerouac;Counterculture
Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1
ChapterOne:
ThePioneerandtheBibleoftheBeatMovement
1.1JackKerouac,thePioneeroftheBeatMovement………………………….……..2
1.2OntheRoad,theBibleoftheBeatMovement………………………………...…3
ChapterTwo:
TheFactorsThatTriggeredtheBeatMovement
2.1Post-warProsperity.…………………………………………………………..…....4
2.2InfluencesofForeignCulture
2.2.1SpreadofAsianReligion……………………………………………...................5
2.2.2InfluencesofMexicanCulture…………………………………………………...5
ChapterThree:
TheLifestyleoftheBeatsinOntheRoad
3.1InQuestofFreeLife……………………………………….....................................7
3.2AbuseinDrugandSex………………………………………………………..…....7
3.3AdvocateofWomen’sLiberation..............................................................................8
ChapterFourBeatGenerationandCounterculture
4.1BeatsandHippies……………………………………………………………...…..9
4.2BeatsandJazz...…………………………………………….....................................9
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….....................10
Bibliography……………………………………………………...................................11
Introduction
ThebeatgenerationisaveryimportantculturalgroupintheworldespeciallyinAmericanhistory.JackKerouacisoneofthemostfamouspeopleinthisgroup,andhisrepresentativeworkOntheRoadisregardedasthestonemarkofthebeatmovement.Franklyspeaking,thebookisnotsointerestingatfirstsightanditishardtobefinished,butwhenyousticktoreading,thechangingsceneswillbringyoutoanewworldandyouwillloseyourselfinit,thinkyouarethehero.ThispaperanalyzesthebeatgenerationfromOntheRoadandpredecessor'sresearch,discussestheirdeeds,andtriestopresentamorespecificimageofthebeats.
Generallyspeaking,wenowconsiderJackKerouacwastheinventoroftheterm“Beat”.Ashesaid,“Ah,thisisnothingbutabeatgeneration”fromaspecificconversationbetweenHolmesandhim,thisgreatmovementinAmericanhistorycameintobeing.Likethe“LostGeneration”ofthe1920s,theAmerican“BeatGeneration”ofthe1950srepresentsbothaliterarycurrentandabroaderculturalmovement.RejectingtheconformismandstressonnormalityoftheTrumanandEisenhoweryears,theBeatsemphasizedanaturalengagementinreallifeexperiences,theyrequestedfordeeperspiritualunderstandingandwantedtoseekawayoutinthismaterialworld,theyexploredtheculturalundergroundofjazz,druguse,sexuality,andnon-WesternreligionssuchasBuddhism.
Theoriginal“BeatGeneration”writersgottogetherinNewYork:
JackKerouac,AllenGinsberg,WilliamS.BurroughsandlaterGregoryCorso,theyaresometimescalledthe“NewYorkBeats”thoughonlyCorsowasfromNewYork.Later,thecentralfigureswiththeexceptionofBurroughsendeduptogetherinSanFranciscointhemiddleof1950swheretheymetandbecamefriendswithfiguresassociatedwiththeSanFranciscoRenaissance.Inthe1960s,elementsoftheexpandingBeatmovementwereincorporatedintotheHippiecounterculture.Thebeatmovementwasagreatliteraryandculturalphenomenon,thebeatsinfluencesmanygenerationsandtheirthoughtswillkeeppassing.
ChapterOneThePioneerandtheBibleoftheBeatMovement
1.1JackKerouac,thePioneeroftheBeatMovement
JackKerouac,acknowledgedastheleaderandspokesmanfortheBeatGeneration,isanAmericannovelistandpoet,bornonMarch12,1922anddiedonOctober21,1969.KerouacisagainstthemainliterarycurrentandisfamousforhisspontaneousmethodofwritingwithdifferenttopicssuchasCatholic,jazz,Buddhism,drugs,andtravel.Kerouac’sworkshavemarkedwithcareless,sentimental,andimmoralbecauseofhisunsympatheticcritics.JackbecomesanundergroundfamouspersonandaforefatheroftheHippiemovementwithotherbeats;theyaltogetherfightagainstthemainstreamofcultureandvalue,advocatefreedom,feminism.Theyaredeedsiscalled“BeatMovement”.In1969,Kerouacdiedatage47frominternalbleedingduetolongabuseofalcohol.AlthoughJackKerouacdied,hisliteraryreputationhasgrownandseveralpreviouslyunseenworkshavebeenpublished,includingOntheRoad,DoctorSax,TheDharmaBums,MexicoCityBlues,TheSubterraneans,DesolationAngels,VisionsofCodyandBigSur.(BarryMiles,1998:
15)Amongthem,themostfamousoneisOntheRoadwhichisregardedasthebibleofthebeatgeneration.
1.2OntheRoad,theBibleoftheBeatMovement
AfterbeingdischargedfromtheNavy,JacktraveledtheUnitedStatesandMexicobycarandbuswhenpossible,alsobyhitchhikingandasanillegalpassengerontrains.Itwastheseexperiences,aswellasafriendshipwithNealCassadythatwouldprovidethematerialforhismostfamousnovel,OntheRoad,whichwasconsideredasKerouac’sbestworkandproclaimofBeatMovement.Inthebook,Kerouacsummedhisphilosophy“everythingbelongstomebecauseIampoor”.(JackKerouac,2000:
89)ThefailureofideologyandoftheAmericanDreaminthe1960sgaveyoungdreamerswhowereeagertolivejustonewayout:
theroad.
Thebookstartsbyintroducingthefacilitatorformostoftheadventuresofthestory:
DeanMoriartywhoisveryyouthfulandjubilant.Theopeningparagraphtellsthat“withthecomingofDeanMoriartybeganthepartofmylifeyoucouldcallmylifeontheroad.”(JackKerouac,2000:
3)Thenarrator,Salvatore“Sal”Paradise,ayoungwriter,fascinatingwiththeideaofhumanity,andespeciallyhisdynamicgroupoffriends,jazz,thelandscapesoftheUnitedStatesandwomen,hasdivorcedandlivesinNewYorkwithhisauntwhenDeanMoriartyfreshoutofjailandarrives.SoonSalfoolsaroundwithDean.Theybegintheirfriendshipbythreeyearsofrestlessjourneysbackandforthacrossthecountry.Thefirstyear,Sal’sdreamsoftravelingwestcometruewhenhejoinsDeanandmorefriendsinDenver,thencontinuesbyhimself,workingasfieldworkerinCaliforniaforaperiodoftime.Thefollowingyear,DeancomeseasttovisitSalagain,soitbreaksSal’sattemptatastableandquietlife.Again,theydrivewesttogether,withmorecrazyadventuresonthewayatBullLee’sinNewOrleans.Thistime,theirjourneyendsinSanFrancisco.Thewinterafterthat,SalgoestoDean,andtheytravelacrossthecountrytogetherinafriendlyway,andDeansettlesinNewYorkforawhile.Inthespring,SalgoestoDenveralone,butDeansoonjoinshimandtheytravelsouthallthewaytoMexicoCity.UponarrivinginMexicoCity,SaldevelopsdysenteryandDeanleaveshimbehind.Salsaysthat“whenIgotbetterIrealizedwhatarathewas,butthenIhadtounderstandtheimpossiblecomplexityofhislife,howhehadtoleavemethere,sick,togetonwithhiswivesandwoes.”(JackKerouac,2000:
260)
ThenovelendsayearlaterinNewYorkCity.DeancomesbacktoNewYorktoseeSalandwantsSalandhisgirlfriendtomovetoSanFranciscowithhim.ThearrangementstomovefallandDeanreturnstotheWestalone.Salclosesthenovelsittingonapierduringsunset,lookingwest.HereminiscesonGod,America,cryingchildren,andtheideathat“nobodyknowswhat’sgoingtohappentoanybodybesidestheforlornragsofgrowingold,”andendswith“IthinkofDeanMoriarty,IeventhinkofOldDeanMoriartythefatherweneverfound,IthinkofDeanMoriarty.”(JackKerouac,2000:
271)
OntheRoadpresentsalifeattitudeandlifestyleoftheyouthinthe1950s.Afterthewar,theAmericaneconomygrowsfast,peoplearelostinthematerialworld,thebeatsdenythetraditionlife,theyrecollecttheancestors’lifestyle—onthemove.
ChapterTwoTheFactorsThatTriggeredtheBeatMovement
2.1Post-warProsperity
AftertheSecondWorldWar,Americaneconomydevelopedfasterandfaster.ReformingofscienceandtechnologyacceleratedAmericanmodernization.Modernproductslikeradio,TV,telegraph,telephone,carandcivilaircraftandsoonhadawiderangeofapplicationinordinarypeople’slife.Ashighwayandrailwaynetworksystemformed,moreandmorewanderersrovedalloverAmericathroughit.Ahighlydevelopedmaterialcivilizationimprovedpeople’slife.Meanwhile,massproductionandhighconsumptionchangedpeople’slife.Moreandmorepeoplenoticedentertainment,consumption.Hedonismandmoneyworshipbecamefashion.
However,duetothecoldwar,manyprogressivepeoplesufferedpoliticalpersecutionsothatavarietyofmiddleclasstookpassiveresistanceandcynicism.Peoplewereunwillingtoexpresstheirownvie
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