英语八级 校对与改错练习.docx
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英语八级 校对与改错练习.docx
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英语八级校对与改错练习
校对与改错(91-95试卷)
PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION
PassageOne
Itisverydifficult∧imagineaneducationalsystemwhichtransmits1.to
valuesseriouslyinconflictwiththatofthegovernmentandthestate,or2.those
whichcontributesnothingtotrainingyoungpeoplefortheirfutureadult
work-roles.However,educationalsystemsareoftenonlypartialsuccessful.3.partially
Thisispartlybecausepeoplehavedifferentviewsofwhatelementsofculture
(normsandvalues)shouldbestressed(on),andwhatskillsareuseful.4.on
Suchdisagreementhasafundamentalbasisin∧socialstructureofmodem5.the
Britainbecausethereisoftenacontradictionamongthetwofunctionsof6.between
socializationandtraining.Thisisbecausethetwofunctionsarenoteasily
separateinpractice.Thenormsandvaluestransmittedtoanygroupof7.separated
childrenhavetobesomehowrelatingtothekindsofskillsthey8.related
∧taught.Thecultureofthearistocracyisnotthesameasthatofworking9.are
-classneighborhoodsintheinnercities.Similarly,trainingfordifferent
sortsofworkneedtobedifferent:
tobeproficientinLatinisnotuseful10.needs
totheshopassistant,justasexpertiseinwoodworkisirrelevanttoauniversityteacher.
PassageTwo
Aspeopleliveinafast-movingworldwheretensionsbuildup,the
effectsoflong-distancerunningareuplifting.
Eachhillisapproachedasapositivechallenge,causingtherunnerto
growstronglywitheachstrideandleadinghimtotranquilityandharmony.1.stronger
Long-distancerunning(that)helpsapersontoforgetpressureonfamily2.that
problemsaswellasjobrelatedannoyances.Anexamplecomesquicklyin3.to
mind.OnedayIhadareallyterriblefightwithmylandladyoversomefoolish
incident.Iscreamedandyelledatherbutsheverynearlythrewmeout.A4.that
fewminuteslater,Iset∧formydailyrun.Bytheendofthefirstmile,the5.outargumentseemedlikethebaddream.Attheendofthefourthmile,Iwas6.a
fullwithfeelingsofremorseandforgivenesstowardsthelandlady.Isaw7.filled
howunreasonableIhavebeen,Istoppedatthelocalflowershopandbought8.had
mylandladyabeautifulrose,whichIimmediatelygaveher∧Istepped9.as
insidethehouse.Runninghasthatkindofeffectonmostrunners.Itmakesus
feelpositiveandserene.Incorporatinglong-distancerunningintoadaily
routinewillsignificantlychangearunner'slife.Idonotknowwhetherit
comesfromfollowingastrictroutinetheimprovedphysicalconditionofthe10.that
runner.ButIdoknowthatpeoplequicklybecomeaddictedtothesport.
PassageThree
Whatisdrug?
Most(of)peopleprobablythinkthere’saperfectsimple1.of
answertothisquestion.Infact,ifonecarriesaquicksurveyonanystreet
corner,onefindsthat,accordingto∧vastmajorityofpeople,therearetwo2.the
groupsofdrugs:
thoseprescribedbydoctors,andthosepeopletakefor
non-medicaluse.Asmedicineandmedicalprofessionaregenerally
self-respectful,therearen'tanyobjectionstotheuseofprescribeddrugs.3.self-respected
Whatmostpeopledon’trealizeisthatwhenprescribeddrugsareusually4.though
beneficial,theycanalsopresentaseriousproblem.Thereweremany
peopleaddictedbytranquillizersbeforedoctorsbegantoprescribethem:
5.to
nowtherebeingliterallymillionswhodependonthem.Anacceptanceof6.are
theuseofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsislargelyamatterofaculture.
SomeEasternpeoplethinktheuseofalcoholwithhorror,mainlyas7.lookat
aresultofreligiousupbringing.However,thesesimilarpeoplefreely8.same
usemarijuanawithoutasecondthought,andthis,inturn,isn’taccepted
in∧Westernculturewhichacceptsalcohol.InmostWesternsocieties,9.a
thetea-orcoffee-break'snowapartof(the)life.Andhugequantities10.the
ofthesedrinksareconsumeddaily.
PassageFour
Inacompetitiveandfast-pacedmodemsociety,busybusiness
executivesaresoengrossingintheirworkthattheyhardlyknowwhat1.engrossed
theword'leisure"means.Thehigheranexecutive’spositionisonthe
businessladder,themorehourshespendsonhiswork.Withaviewto
gaininggreatercorporatestandingorabigpayrise,he,asarule,far2.bigger
exceeds(over)the40-hourworkingweek.3.over
Theadditionalstressandtensionaswellastheshortageofsuitable4.lack
restandrecreationveryoftenhaveadisastrouseffectonhishealth.Few
suchexecutivesrealizethatunlesstheylearnhowtorelax,theywillsoon
run∧ofstreambeforetheygettothetopoftheexecutiveladder.Anoted5.out
Americanauthorityonleisurehassaidthat“Thekeytorelaxationtobusy6.for
executivesistoavoidthetypesofactivitiesthatarepartandparcelof
theirdailyworkandtodevotethemselvestotallytohaverecreational7.having
pursuitsforatleastapartofeachday,even∧itisonlyforhalfanhour.8.if
Those∧jobsrequireagreatdealofcontactwithotherscanengageinactivities9.whose
thatarequietandpeaceful―farfromthemaddingcrowd,farfromclient10.clients
andbusinessassociates.”
PassageFive
AirqualityinBritainhasimprovedconsiderablyinthelast30years.
Totalemissionsofsmokeintheairhaverisenbyover85percentsince1.decreased
1950.Thedomesticsmokingcontrolprogramhasbeenparticularly2.smoke
importantinachievingthisresult.Londonandothermajorcitiesno
longerhavethedensesmoke-laden“smogs”ofthe1950sbutincentral3.and
Londonwintersunshinehasincreasedbyabout70percentsince1958.
Since1990,everydayairpollutiondatafromtheBritishMonitoring
networkhasmadeavailabletothepublicbytheDepartmentofthe
Environment’sAirQuantityBulletins.Theseconcentratedthreemain4.Quality
pollutants-ozone,nitrogendioxideandsulphurdioxide—endgrade
airqualityonascalebetween“veryweak”and“verygood”.The5.by
informationfeaturesintelevisionandradioweatherreports∧appears6.and
inmanynationalandlocalnewspapers.Therefore,thedataarealso7.Moreover
availableonthespecialfreetelephonenumberandonvideotextsystems.8.a
Acomprehensivereviewoftheissueofurbanizedairqualitywasannounced9.urban
inJanuary1992.Threeindependentcommitteesofexpertshavebeen
establishedtoadviseondifferentaspectsoftheproblem,andwillset∧10.up
guidelinesandtargetsforairquality.Thenetworkwillalsobeing
extendedandupgradedatacostof10millionpounds.
PassageSix
Theamazingsuccessofhumansasaspeciesistheresult
oftheevolutionarydevelopmentofourbrainswhichhastenedto
tool-using,tool-making,theabilitytosolveproblemsbylogical
reasoning,thoughtfulcooperation,andlanguage.Oneofthemost
strikingwaysinthatchimpanzeesbiologicallyresemblehumans1.which
liesinthestructureoftheirbrains.Thechimpanzee,withthe
capacityforprimitivereasoning,exhibitsatypeofintelligence∧like2.more
thatofhumansthandoesanyothermammallivingtoday.Thebrain
ofthemodemchimpanzeeisprobablynottoodissimilartothebrain
thatsomanymillionsofyearsagodirectthebehaviorofthefirstape3.directed
man.
Inalongtime,thefactthatprehistoricpeoplemadetoolswas4.For
consideredtobeoneofthemajorcriteriondistinguishingthemfrom5.criteria
othercreatures.Itistruethatthechimpanzeedoesnotfashiontoolsto
“aregularandsetpattern”butthen,prehistoricpeople,aftertheir6.before
developmentofstonetools,undoubtedlypokedaroundwithsticksandstraws,
atwhichstageitseemsunlikelythattheymadetoolstoasetpatterntoo.7.either
Itisbecause∧thecloseassociationinmostpeople’smindsof8.of
toolswithhumansthatspecialattentionhasalwaysbeenfocusedupon
anyanimalabletouseanobjectiveasatool;butitisimportanttorealize9.object
thatthisability,onitsown,doesnotnecessarilyindicateanyspecial
intelligenceinthecreatureconcerning.10.concerned
PassageSeven
Duringthetraditionalweddingceremony,thebridalcouple
promiseseachotherlifelongdevotion.Yet,aboutoneoutoffour1.promise
Americanmarriagesendsindivorce.Since1940,thedivorcerate
hasmorethandoubled,andexpertspredictthat,ofallmarriages
thatoccuredinthe1970s,about50%willendindivorce,TheUSA2.occurred
isoneofthehighestdivorceratesintheworld,perhapseventhehighest.3.has
Whatgoeswrong?
Thatfactthatdivorceissocommoninthe
UnitedStatesdoesnotmeanthatAmericansconsidermarriageacasual,
unimportantrelationship.Just∧oppositeistrue.Americansexpecta4.the
greatdealfrommarriage.Theyseekphysical,emotional,and
intellectualcompatibility.Theywanttobeloveddeepandunderstood.5.deeply
ItisbecauseAmericansexpectsomuchfrommarriagethatsomany
getdivorce.Theyprefernomarriageatalltoamarriagewithoutlove6.divorced
andunderstanding.WithtypicalAmericanoptimist,theyendone7.optimism
marriageinthehope(of)thatthenextwillbehappier.Withno-fault8.of
divorcelawsinmanystates,itiseasierthannevertogetadivorce.
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