VOA慢速英语听力合辑.docx
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VOA慢速英语听力合辑.docx
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VOA慢速英语听力合辑
慢速VOA2010年5月合辑
红树林——正在消失的美丽风景
Mangrovesareunusuallookingtrees.Theyhaverootsthatstandinsaltwaterandlooklikecablesorropeslaidoneontopofanother.Mangrovesarenotjustpretty--theyhelptheenvironment.Butnowthefirstworldwidestudywarnsthatoneinsixofthemanydifferentkindsofmangrovescoulddisappear.Asaresultofthestudy,elevenspeciesofmangrovehavebeenplacedontheRedListofThreatenedSpecies.ThelistiskeptbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.ThestudyappearedinthePublicLibraryofSciencejournalPLoSONE.LeadauthorBethPolidoroworksfortheGlobalMarineSpeciesAssessmentUnit,basedatOldDominionUniversityinRichmond,Virginia.Theresearcherslookedatseventyspeciesofmangrove.Theyfoundthatallmangroveforestsoncoastlinesareunderthreatfromdevelopment,loggingorotherdangers.ButtheareasinworstdangerareontheAtlanticandPacificcoastsofCentralAmerica.Thestudysaysmangrovetreesprovidemorethanoneandahalfbilliondollarsworthofservicestoecologicalsystemsworldwide.Forexample,areaswithmangroveforestswerenotdamagedasbadlybytheIndianOceantsunamiintwothousandfour.Mangroveforestsprotectlandagainsterosionfromwind,waterandstorms.Theycaptureandstorecarbondioxide,soexpertssaytheycanhelpfightclimatechange.Andtheyserveasnurseriesforshrimpandothersaltwaterorganisms.BethPolidorosaysabouteightypercentofthemangroveareainIndiaandSoutheastAsiahasdisappearedwithinthepastsixtyyears.Indonesiaissaidtohavelostalmosthalfitsmangrovesforestswithinthepastthirtyyears.Burma,alsoknownasMyanmar,haslostmanyvaluablemangrovetreesinrecentyears.Insomeareasthere,monkeysplayinthetopsofmangrovesthirtymeterstallanddolphinsswiminthewatersofmangroveforests.OneoftherarestspeciesofmangrovetreegrowsinjustafewplacesinEastAsiaandIndia.Thereareestimatesthatonlyabouttwohundredfiftymaturetreesofthatspeciesremain.BethPolidorosaystheymaydisappearwithinthenexttenyearsunlessactionistakentoprotectthem.Shesaysthegoodnewsinthestudyisthatsomespeciesofmangrovecanbereforestedrelativelyeasily.Butothersaremuchmoredifficulttorestart.
令美国人担忧的医疗感染
Hospitalsnotonlytreatinfections--theycanalsocausethem.IntheUnitedStatesalone,thenumberofinfectionsinhospitalsisestimatedatclosetotwomillioneachyear.Aboutonehundredthousandpatientsdie.
Anewgovernmentreportnotesthatverylittleprogresshasbeenmadeinreducingwhatarecalledhealthcare-associatedinfections.Themostcommonareinfectionsoftheurinarytract,surgicalsiteandbloodstream.
Manyinfectionshavebeenincreasingevenashospitalshavemadeeffortstoimprove.Thereportshows,forexample,aneightpercentincreaseincasesofsepsis,orbloodstreaminfection,followingoperations.Aboutfortypercentofallhealthcare-associatedinfectionsarelinkedtotheuseofcatheters.Atubeisplacedinsidethebodytocollecturine,sothepatientdoesnothavetogetoutofbed.Butthelatestreportsaysurinarytractinfectionsaftersurgeryincreasedmorethanthreeandahalfpercent.Itsayscathetersshouldbeusedonlyifnecessary.Anotherwaytopreventinfectionsistogivepatientsantibioticsbeforesurgery.Doctorsareadvisedtogivethemwithinthehourbeforetheoperation.Patientswhogetantibioticsearlierthanonehouraremorelikelytogetaninfectedsurgicalwound.Also,doctorsareadvisedtodiscontinuetheantibioticswithintwenty-fourhoursafterthesurgery.Thereportsayslongerthanthatisusuallynotnecessary.Itcanincreasetheriskofantibioticresistanceandseriouskindsofdiarrhea.Notallthenewswasbad.Thereportsaidtherateofpneumoniainadultsaftersurgerydecreasedmorethanelevenandahalfpercent.Aseparatereportlookedatthedifferenceslastyearinhealthcarefordifferentgroupsinsociety.
KathleenSebeliusissecretaryofhealthandhumanservices.HerdepartmentproducedthetwothousandnineNationalHealthcareDisparitiesReportandNationalHealthcareQualityReport.Shenotedthatracialandethnicminoritieswerelesslikelytohaveinsuranceandlesslikelytogetthetreatmentstheyneeded.Shecalledthenumbers"troubling."ButshealsosaidthehealthcarereformspassedbyCongresswillimprovethequalityofcareforallAmericans.Shesaidthenewlawwillrewardqualityoverquantityofcare,creatingasystemthatpreventsdiseasesbeforemorecostlytreatmentisrequired.
冰岛火山很生气,经济损失很严重
AirtrafficovermuchofEuropecametoahaltforsixdaysbecauseofthehugecloudofashfromavolcanoinIceland.Nowtheeconomiccostsarestillbeingcountedasairlinestrytogeteveryonetowheretheyweregoing.Atitsworst,thecrisisaffectednearlyathirdofworldairtravel.Aboutonehundredthousandflightswerecancelledordelayed.TheInternationalAirTransportAssociationestimatedthecosttoairlinesatnearlytwobilliondollars.ButthatdoesnotincludecostslikethetonsofflowersthatgrowersinKenyaandIsraelhadtodestroy.OrallthefruitsandvegetablesthatcouldalsonotbeflowntoEurope.Otherbusinessesthatdependonairtravel,includinghotelsandvacationplaces,alsosuffered.ThecrisisaffectedairportsfromWashingtontoPakistan.ThecrisiscamejustasEuropeistryingtorecoverfromitsworstrecessioningenerations.Greece--apopulartravelplace--continuestofaceadebtcrisisthathassharplyraiseditsborrowingcosts.TheUnitedStateshaltedairtravelforthreedaysaftertheterroristattacksintwothousandone.ThetravelbanthispastweeklastedtwiceaslonginsomeEuropeancountries.CriticsaccusedEuropeanairtransportofficialsofbeingslowtoreact,thenoverreactingtothepossiblerisktoairplanes.AndtherecouldbemoredelaysastheEyjafjallajokullvolcanocontinuestoreleaseash.Lastweek'seruptioncosttimeandmoneyfortravelers.Hundredsofthousandswerestuck.Somehadnoplacetostayexcepttheairport.Otherstriedtomaketheirwaybytrain,bus,boatorcar.Vacationershavehadtochangeorcancelplans.Andnotallbusinesseshavebeensympathetic.AnAmericanstuckinLondon,alreadyoneoftheworld'shighestpricedcities,foundthatherhotelhaddoubleditsprices.Someembassiesofferedemergencyloanstotheircitizens.PassengersdelayedonEuropeanairlinesmaybeabletogetbackatleastsomeofthemoneytheyhadtospend.Thecrisisbroughtnewattentiontothebillion-dollarmarketfortravelinsurance.AboutthirtypercentofAmericansbuypoliciestocoverunexpectedproblemswhentheytravel.Somecreditcardsofferaformofinsuranceandcouldalsofaceclaims.ThevolcaniceruptionwasthesecondtimeintwoyearsthatIcelandhasshakenitsneighborstotheeast.Thefirsttimewasthenear-collapseofIceland'sbanksandcurrencyduringtheworldfinancialcrisis.
民权领袖的光辉一生
Inrecentdays,Americanshavelosttwocivilrightsleadersofthetwentiethcentury,DorothyHeightandBenjaminHooks.DorothyHeightdiedTuesdayattheageofninety-eight.ShewitnessedmorecivilrightshistorythananyotherAfrican-Americanleaderofhertime.ShesaidthegreatestchangeshewitnessedwastheendingofracialsegregationlawsintheUnitedStates.ShewasthelongtimechairwomanoftheNationalCouncilofNegroWomen.Shewasanactivist,humanitarianandadvisertopresidentsincludingBarackObama.Herememberedheras"thegodmotheroftheCivilRightsMovement."DorothyHeightgrewupinPennsylvania.Shewonafour-yearcollegescholarship,thetopprizenationallyinapublicspeakingcontestontheConstitution.ShearrivedatschoolinNewYorkCity--onlytolearnthatanunwrittenlimitof"twoNegrostudentsperyear"hadalreadybeenmet."IwasacceptedatBarnardCollegeandIwasdeniedadmissionwhenIarrivedbecausetheyhadaquotaoftwo.AndtheydidnotknowthatIwasnotwhite.AndsowhenIgotthereIwasturnedaway."
DorothyHeightwentontoearnbachelorandmaster'sdegreesinfouryearsatNewYorkUniversity.SheworkedwithMartinLutherKingJuniorinthepushforcivilrightsforblacksinthenineteenfiftiesandsixties.
Yetshehadtopushtomakeherselfheardasawomanamongmostlymalecivilrightsleaders.ShewastheonlywomanstandingnearbyasMartinLutherKinggavehis"IHaveaDream"speechinWashington.DorothyHeightreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomandtheCongressionalGoldMedalforherworkforracialandgenderequality.BenjaminHooksdiedlastweekattheageofeighty-five.Hewasaclergyman,lawyerandformerheadoftheNAACP--theNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople.HereceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomintwothousandseven.BenjaminHookswasborninMemphis,Tennessee,atatimewhenthesoutherncitydiscriminatedagainstblacksinallareasofpubliclife.HeenrolledincollegebutwasdraftedintotheArmyandservedinItalyduringWorldWarTwo.Duringtraining,heandotherblackswerekeptapartfromthewhitestheytrainedwith."SowhenIcameoutoftheArmy,IhadalreadydecidedIwantedtobepartofbreakingdownsegregation.BecauseIfeltithadtobebrokendown.Ifeltitwouldbebroken.SoIconsciouslydevotedmylifetothat."ButbecauseofhiscolornolawschoolinTennesseewouldadmithim.SoBenjaminHooksenrolledatDePaulUniversityinChicago,Illinois,whereheearnedalawdegreeinnineteenforty-eight.Soonafterthat,hereturnedtoMemphistoworkwiththeNAACP.Duringthenineteenfifties,hehelpedorganizenon-violentsit-inprotestsandboycottsofsegregatedwhitebusinesses.HeandMartinLuther
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