全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题汇总附答案解析.docx
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全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题汇总附答案解析.docx
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全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题汇总附答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxidethatisdamagingourplanetandtransformitintosomethingsolid,makingitmucheasiertostore.
Carboncaptureisn'tnew,butpreviousmethodscallforthegastobecompressedintoliquidandtheninjectedunderground.Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.Instead,inastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,thegroupdetailstheirsustainableandcost-effectiveplanfortransformingCO2intocoal.
Thisnewprocessinvolvesaliquidmetalcatalyst(催化剂)thatisefficientinconductingelectricity.CO2gasisdissolvedinacontainerwithsomeliquid.Onceelectricitychargeisintroduced,theCO2beginstoturnintosolidpiecesofcarbon,whichcanbecollectedandstored.
Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.Previousexperimentshaveonlyshownagastosolidconversionatextremelyhightemperature,whichmadeitimpossibleonalargescale.Now,theresearchersarehopingthattheirworkwillbeusedtocreateevenfurtherwhenitcomestocarbonstorage.
Inaninterestingsidebenefit,thesolidcarbonalsoworksasanelectrode(焊条),whichopensupaworldofpossibilities."Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasuperbattery,soitcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles,"explainsDr.DornaEstrafilzadeh,aresearcher."Theprocessalsoproducesfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications."
(1)Whatcanweknowaboutthepreviouscarboncapturemethods?
A. Peoplehavetoinjectliquidtothegas.
B. Thepreviousmethodscanbedoneeasily.
C. Thepreviousmethodsarenotverypopular.
D. Peoplehavewidelyacceptedpreviousmethods.
(2)Whatisthespecialpartofthenewmethod?
A. Itneedselectricitytomaketheprocessefficient.
B. Itcanbedoneinanykindofcontainer.
C. Itdoesn'tneedextremetemperature.
D. Itcanproducemuchsolidcarbon.
(3)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. Themethodwillmakefossiloildisappear.
B. Themethodwillinfluencethefutureindustry.
C. Themethodwillmakedevelopedcountriesmorepowerful.
D. Themethodwillbeusedtomakenewvehicles.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. HowtochangecarbonintoCO2.
B. Anewcarboncapturetechnology.
C. Anewtechnologytogetusefulcarbon.
D. Australiamakestheworldcleanerthanbefore.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理,优点和对未来工业的影响。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“whichopensupaworldofpossibilities;itcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles和whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能,可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能,过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中,由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxide”和下文讲述的内容可知,本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.PeterTabichi,36,amathsandphysicsteacheratKerikosecondaryschoolinPwaniVillage,haswontheVarkeyFoundationGlobalTeacherPrize2019.
Tabichigivesaway80%ofhisincometohelpthepooreststudentsatthepoorly-equippedandovercrowdedschoolwhocouldnototherwiseafforduniformsandbooks.Morethan90%ofhisstudentsarefrompoorfamiliesandalmostathirdareorphansorhaveonlyoneparent.Drugabuse,teenagepregnancies,leavingofftheirstudies,youngmarriagesandsuicidearecommon.Studentshavetowalk7kmalongroadsthatcanbecomeimpassableintherainyseasontoreachtheschoolandtheareacanbeaffectedbydroughtandstarvation.
Despiteonlyhavingonecomputer,apoorInternetconnectionandastudent-teacherratioof58:
1,Tabichistarteda"talentnurturingclub"andexpandedtheschool'sscienceclub,helpingstudentsdesignresearchprojectsofsuchqualitythatmanynowqualifyfornationalcompetitions.
HisstudentshavetakenpartininternationalsciencecompetitionsandwonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetogenerateelectricity.Tabichiandfourcolleaguesalsogivestrugglingstudentsone-to-onetuitioninmathsandscience,visitingstudents'homesandmeetingtheirfamiliestoidentifythechallengestheyface.
Acceptingtheprize,TabichisaidAfrica'syoungpeoplewouldnolongerbeheldbackbylowexpectations."Africawillproducescientists,engineersandentrepreneurswhosenameswillbeonedayfamousineverycorneroftheworld."hesaid.
(1)WhatmadePeterTabichiwintheprizein2019?
A. Givingaway$1milliontoeducation.
B. Teachinginsecondaryschoolsfor36years.
C. FightingdroughtandstarvationinAfrica. D. HelpingthepoorerstudentsinruralKenya.
(2)WhydidTabichistartthe"talentnurturingclub"?
A. Tocontributemostofhisincome.
B. Toexpandnationalcompetitions.
C. Toguidestudentstodesignresearchprojects.
D. Toencouragestudentstograspopportunities.
(3)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeterTabichiasateacher?
A. Independent.
B. Caring.
C. Humorous.
D. Interesting.
(4)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. Africaneducationcostisexpectedtogetlower.
B. Africaisindesperateneedofyoungscientists.
C. Tabichiisnotpleaseduntilheisknownworldwide.
D. TabichihashighexpectationsforyoungAfricans.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获得了世界最佳教师奖。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖,并获得了100万美元的奖金,他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生。
可推知,助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019年世界最佳教师奖。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Despiteonlyhavingonecomputer,apoorInternetconnectionandastudent-teacherratioof58:
1,Tabichistarteda‘talentnurturingclub’andexpandedtheschool'sscienceclub,helpingstudentsdesignresearchprojectsofsuchqualitythatmanynowqualifyfornationalcompetitions.”尽管只有一台电脑,网络连接不畅,师生比例为58:
1,但他还是创办了一个“人才培养俱乐部”,并扩大了学校的科学俱乐部,帮助学生设计出质量如此之高的研究项目,现在许多学生都有资格参加全国性的竞赛)可知,他创办“人才培养俱乐部”,是为了帮助学生设计一些研究项目。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖,并获得了100万美元的奖金,他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生;及第二段中的“Tabichigivesaway80%ofhisincometohelpthepooreststudentsatthepoorly-equippedandovercrowdedschoolwhocouldnototherwiseafforduniformsandbooks.”塔比奇把他80%的收入捐给了设备简陋、人满为患的学校,帮助那些买不起校服和书籍的最贫困学生。
可知,塔比奇将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学校和学生。
由此可知,塔比奇是一个非常有爱心的好老师。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Africawillproducescientists,engineersandentrepreneurswhosenameswillbeonedayfamousineverycorneroftheworld.”他说“非洲将培养出科学家、工程师和企业家,他们的名字总有一天会在世界各地家喻户晓。
可推知,塔比奇对非洲年轻人充满了很高的期望。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道。
考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.
(1)Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?
A.Rich.
B.Rare.
C.Limited.
D.Difficult.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?
A.Causes.
B.Demands.
C.Strengthens.
D.Shows.
(3)Whatmainlycausesthesoil
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