四级培训第二次课讲稿Word格式文档下载.docx
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四级培训第二次课讲稿Word格式文档下载.docx
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quarter,基数词/序数词(s).
地点与方向题型
对对话场所或者是某事物的方向进行判断,答案不会直接出现,但是会出现相关词汇帮助同学们进行判断.
如:
dishes,menu,order,goDutch,paythebill/treat------
stamps,envelopes,packages,parcel,postage------
reserves,checkin/out,roomservice,lobby,receptiondesk-------
brand,size,color,style,discount,cashier-------
boardingcard,cancelaflight,takeoff,land,passport,visa-----
cough,giveaninjection,taketemperature,pill,aspirin,capsules-------
openanaccount,deposit,cash/check,drawout,interestrate---------
职业与身份
大体上来说,这类题目比较常考的有两种(可从四选项判断)。
a.问说话人的职业或身份(如Professor,father)
a.问两说话人之间的关系.
答题提示a.注意以上提过的地点状语与说话人的语气.b.特别注意称呼,如是否使用敬语(如please则一般是生人或者地位有差别的人之间才会使用)c.一定要记笔记,否则很容易张冠李戴。
在此列举一些需要特别注意的职业plumber(tap,leak),repairman(一般考顾客取回东西的时间?
CanItakeitbacktomorrow?
),Mr.Jones,…Smith
须注意的人物关系:
librarianandstudent,bossandsecretary,colleagues(需注意与friends之间的区别,前者一般谈论工作,后者则一般谈工作外的话题)
建议与请求
选项思路:
a.观察选项,如果四个选项全是涉及不同动作的句子,并且是某一个人作主语,或者全部是不定式/ing形式,那么就可以初步断定此题属于offerandrequest范围内,然后给选项中动词划线.b.万能规律:
留心对话中动词同义词,留心被请求一方的态度肯定还是否定,关键词为but或者是任何转折或矛盾的词.
听音思路:
抓住建议请求处做题,常出现在第二人说的话中.
包含情态动词的句子b.祈使句c.反意疑问句d.否定疑问句(don’tyouthink….,shouldn’thebedoing….)e.包括有建议词汇的句子f.whynot..?
/whydon’tyou…?
/howabout…?
g.虚拟语气委婉表示建议(IfIwereyou…..)虚拟语气一出必考
建议词汇(考虑是否在培训课用):
suggest,advice,短语和句式类whynot..?
/how(what)about…?
you’dbetter,would…bewiser?
Whybother….?
祈使句,虚拟语气类wouldrathersb.did….(..觉得你应该…)It’sabout(high)timesb.did…(..该这么做了),ifIwereyou,Iwould….
计划与行动
1.关于havesth.done和havesb.dosth.不要粗心犯错误.
2.第二人对话中使用了转折词but,一方提出计划或行动,另一方前半部分表同意,但马上用but提出要做别的事.
本次课内容
贯穿引申推断题中三种高频考点:
要做好推断题,最重要的是要搞懂说话者的意思,这一点除了要有听力的基本功之外,还有一些技巧可以帮助大家。
1.转折让步,听懂转折和让步含义才能正确把握说话者的意图
这类题型非常常见,尤其是转折类,常被用来表示否定回答。
听音时一定要抓住转折和让步关系的句子,选项往往是他们的近义句或者是对他们进行推理的结果。
要求大家对转折关键词but,表让步的关键词although,though,inspiteof,despite等有高度的敏感性。
转折如:
1995年6月题
A)hewantstopayB)hedoesn’twanttoeatout
C)Hewantstoeatsomewhereelse.D)hedoesn’tlikeJapanesefood
W:
Ihearthere’sagoodJapaneserestaurantnearby.Wouldyouliketogothereforlunch?
M:
Yes,butit’smytreatthistime.
Q:
whatdoesthemanmean?
让步如:
A)hedidn’tworkashardashewassupposedto
B)hedidn’tpassthephysicsexam
C)hedidbetterinanearlierexam
D)hefoundsomethingwrongwiththeexam
youlookupset.Anythingwrong?
IfailedinthephysicsexamagaininspiteofalltheeffortsImade.
whatdoweknowaboutthemanfromtheconversation?
英语中表示转折的词汇很多,但是应用的范围不同,如写作和阅读中可以使用到but,however,nevertheless,whereas,while等较为书面的词,而在口语中,用词则趋于简单,基本上集中在but上。
1)根据我们之前的原则,转折最常出现的地方为否定表达中的I’dlike(love)to,but…..模式中(委婉拒绝,给人留面子)2)在明确拒绝别人之后,内心不安后悔,于是采取打一巴掌揉三下政策,其后也常接转折3)一些特殊词语可以暗示转折含义,如:
usedto,meantodo,usually,intendedtodo,thoughttobe,suppose,assume,schedule等。
Practice:
1.a.hedoesn’tthinkhecanposttheparcelforthewoman.
b.he’dliketoposttheparcelforthewoman.
c.Hewantstogooutforlunchwithwoman.
d.Hedoesn’tthinkhehastimetobuylunchforthewoman.
2.a.inJapan.B.inFrancec.inEnglandd.inScotland
3.a.wentshoppingb.hadhercarrepaired
c.didsomeneedleworkd.boughtacake
4.a.becauseshehastoworkb.becauseshedoesn’twantto
c.becausesheisgoingoutfordinneratarestaurant
d.becausesheismeetingsomeoneinarestaurant
5.a.50minutes.B.35minutesc.20minutesd.15minutes
6.a.sheinvitesthemantoapotlucknextweekend
b.sheasksthemantohelpherwiththegardening
c.sheisnotfreetoday
d.sheagreestomeetthemannextSaturday.
7.a.shelenthimapen.
b.shelenthimapencil
c.sheaskedhimifhecoulddowithoutapen
d.sheaskedhimifhecoulduseapencil
8.a.8:
30b.8:
00c.9:
00d.9:
30
9.a.Jack’smotherb.Jack’sfather
c.Jack’sdaughterd.Jack’swife
10.a.hewouldbeabletogoifhewantsto
b.heshouldhaveanewschedule
c.heshouldn’tchangehisschedule
d.heshouldspendthesummerinSanFrancisco
2.拟语气与条件句
需要同学们分清虚拟语气和条件句(if引导的)
条件句句型:
if,unless,suppose,incase,aslongas等引导的从句,也有with/without引导的短语。
虚拟语气句型
A.if虚拟句(与现在过去将来相反的虚拟语气)
B.ifonly后的从句,用过去时表示与现在相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反,用could,would等+动词原型表示对将来憧憬。
如:
Ifonlyitwouldstopsnowing!
C.asif,asthough引导的壮语从句中多用虚拟语气,用过去时表示与现在相反,过去完成时表示与过去相反。
Youlookasifyouhadseenaghost.
D.Forfearthat,lest,incase引导的目的状语从句中,可以用should+动词原型表示虚拟,也可以用may或者might,如:
heisstudyinghardforfearthatheshould/might/mayfailtheexam.
E.Wish后面的虚拟宾语从句,用过去时表示与现在相反,用过去完成时表示与过去相反,用could,would等+动词原型表示对将来憧憬,如:
IwishIhadbeentoFrance.
此类题型例子:
1994年1月题
A)themandidn’twantthewomantohaveherhaircut.
B)Thewomanfollowedtheman’sadvice
C)Thewomaniswearinglonghairnow
D)Themandidn’tcareifthewomanhadherhaircutornot
Iwishmyhairwaslonger.
yes,pityyouhaditcut.Ifonlyyou’dlistenedtome.
whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?
例2:
A)hehadtoworkovertimeB)hewasheldupintraffic
C)hiscarranoutofgasD)hehadatrafficaccident
ifthetrafficwasn’tsobad,Icouldhavebeenhomeby6:
00
whatapity!
Johnwasheretoseeyou.
whathappenedtotheman?
例3:
A)thesizeoftheroomB)longerworkinghours
C)thehotweatherD)thefanintheroom
it’ssohottoday.Isimplycan’twork.Iwishtherewereafaninthisroom.
SodoI.I’llfallasleepifIstayhereanylonger.
whataretheycomplainingabout?
3.含义隐藏的否定与肯定回答(同意与不同意)
6种否定形式:
1.I’dliketo,but
2.subjunctivemood
3.I’msorry
4.Singingisthelastthingforme.
5.anythingbut
Anythingbutdomyhomeworknow.=Idon’twanttodomyhomeworknow
6.shouldsb.Bedoing?
=sb.Shouldn’tdo
几个特殊否定句:
(CET-4高频句式)表肯定
Ican’tagreewithyoumore.
It’snoneofyourbusiness.
Heisnotsomuchofagooddoctor.
Theyoungmanisbynomeanspolite.
Iwouldn’thavemissedthematchforanything.(无论如何也不会错过….)
Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.
UndernocircumstancesshouldIbreakmypromise.
Neverfailtodosth.
表肯定句型
Youbet
Youhitthenailonthehead.
Willbeallright?
PARTII引申推断题两大类型
I.态度题:
贯穿整个听力部分(小对话)的最高频最有难度题型.日常生活中说的话里有话.(天使的面孔,魔鬼的身材,converse)
例:
96.01
A)sheissurewhoisgoingtowin
B)nowitisagoodtimetostartthegame
C)thegamehasbeengoingonforalongtime
D)thesameteamalwayswins
let’sseeifthebasketballgamehasstartedyet.
started?
Itmustbeclearwhoiswinningbynow.
whatdoesthewomanmean?
1.上题属于语调类,升调(不肯定,疑问),降调(肯定,叙述)sheisbeautiful为例.拉长语音表讽刺(仍用上例),声音变高表喜悦,惊讶(Ipasstheexam!
)
再例:
96.01
A)theideasofthepaperarenotconvincing
B)somepartsofthepaperarenotwellwritten
C)thehandwritingofthepaperisnotgood
D)thepaperisnotcomplete
whatdoyouthinkofmypaper?
theideasaregood.IfIwereyou,though,I’dwritethelasttwoparagraphstomakeitbetter.
what’sthewoman’scommentontheman’spaper?
2.上题是一到语气题,也就是我们说的虚拟语气逢出必考,表示出说话人的真实想法,但是因为不好直接说出,因此借用虚拟语气.
例3:
A)mostpeoplekilledinthetrafficaccidentareheavydrinkers
B)shedoesn’tagreewiththeman
C)shethinksthatdrunkdriversarenotguilty
D)peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontodrunkdriving
Ithinkit’shightimeweturnedourattentiontothedangerofdrunkdriving.
Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Yousee,countlessinnocentpeoplearekilledbydrunkdriverseachyear.
3.上体属于态度题第三种题型,同意与不同意.凡在选项中出现agree/disagree,share…opinion,like/dislike,think/don’tthink之类词语的题目一般来说是要求判断第二个人是否同意第一人的观点,因此要特别注意第二人的说话,尤其是其言外之意.Tomissohandsome!
-----youcan’tbeserious!
/getoutofmyface!
/doyoureallythinkso?
平时多掌握表示赞同和反对的句型
Youcansayitagain
Ican’tagreemore.
I’mnotsure…
Idoubt
I’drather…
It’sallverywelltosaythat,but…
练习:
推理综合,以语调类为主
1.a,thetrainisalwayslate
b.he’ssorryit’salready9:
c.thetrainisarrivingat9:
30
d.thetrainisalreadylate
2.a.Janeisalmostready
b.Janeisfarfrombeingready
c.Janewillfinishpackingsoon
d.Janehasjuststartedpacking
3.a.he’scarryingtoomanythingsinhishands
b.hedoesn’twanttomovethesofa
c.he’stoobusytohelpthewoman
d.hewillhelpthewomanlater
4.a.Ithasjustbegunraining
b.shedoesn’tlikerainydays
c.ithasbeenrainingforsometime
d.shedoesn’tthinkit’sraining
5.a.he’dliketogetticketsforthegameverymuch.
b.he’snotinterestedinthegame
c.he’salreadygotsometicketsforthegame
d.hefeelssorrythatthewomanhasmisunderstoodhim
II.因果关系推理(明示因果和暗示因果)
表原因词汇:
because,for,since,as,nowthat,inthat,becauseof,dueto,owningto,thanksto,asaresultof,onaccountof,thatiswhy,cause,giveriseto,resultfrom
表结果的词汇:
so,so…that…,inorderthat,asaresult,leadto,resultin,consequently
四个选项至少有一个选项暗示出该事实能导致某种结果。
通常有好几个选项的事实能导致统一结果
A.but类因果,转折处暗示因果
A)sheisafraidofgoingoutatnight
B)sheh
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