翻译2炙热考点版本二Word格式文档下载.docx
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翻译2炙热考点版本二Word格式文档下载.docx
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Themasseshaveboundlesscreativepower.
Thisparticlehasverysmallmass.
Troopsaremassingonthefrontier.
Soitisabitconfusing
whenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe
(whoseIQis100)
as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?
Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
2.“词本无形,互文现义”
近义词
同根词
代词
Wereachforhabitsmindlessly,
settingourbrainsonauto-pilot
andrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.
“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.
Therewillbetelevisionshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitors
thatwilldisablethem
whentheyoffend.
3.【真题范例】
Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.[2003-61-36]
而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidence…[2010-46-31]
科学家赶快用明显站不住脚的证据来救驾
hebelievesthatthisverydifficulty…[2008-46-32]
Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness[2008-50-33]
【返回】
二.从抽象到具体
1.名词抽象,适度扩展
Neithersorrownorregret
followedmypassionateoutburst.
Evenanelementaryknowledgeofstatisticsissufficienttoenablethejournalisttoavoidmisleadinghisreaders.
2.动词生涩,增译转译
Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively,
撰写著作
发表作品
大量地
reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,
影响了
读者
andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.
狂热追逐知识
【真题范例】
Thisseems
ajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,
andarationalization
ofexploitation,
ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.
[2011-48-31]
三.从被动到主动
1.若by后为动作发出者,以其为主语将句子主动化;
Whatmeasureshavebeenorarebeingadoptedbythegovernment[toreduceairpollution]?
2.可将“被”转化为“得到”“受到”“遭到”“由”“加以”“予以”;
Thediscoveryishighlyappreciatedinthecircleofscience.
TheApolloXIIcrewreported
thattheirspaceshipwasbeingfollowedbytwoUFOs.
Thismeetingispresidedoverbyme.
3.可加入“泛称主语”(我们、人们)或“逻辑主语”(逻辑推断),将句子主动化;
Theareahasbeenmarkedoutforbuildingmorehotels.
Inthisresearch,sharkscanbetaughttohuntbirds.
4.可将被动句灵活转换为判断句;
MyfirstfortyyearswerespentinSouthernEurope.
5.若句中蕴含情态动词,可以其开头将句子翻译为“祈使句”或“无主句”;
Thisproblemmustbeputundercontrolwithin2hours.
Newsourcesofpowermustbefound,
andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelyto….
6.灵活使用以上方法,处理被动语态的形式主语句型。
Itshouldberealizedthat…
Itmaybesaid[withoutfearofexaggeration]that….
Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认
Ithasbeenillustratedthat…据说明;
据图示;
图中表示
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已经证明
Itis(usually)consideredthat…据(通常)估计;
人们(通常)认为
Itisassumedthat…假定
Itisbelievedthat…大家相信
Itisallegedthat…据称
Itisdemonstratedthat…已经证明,文中(图中)表明
Itisestimatedthat…据估计
Itisexpectedthat…人们希望
Itisfoundthat…据发现;
人们认为
Itisgenerallyagreed/recognizedthat….人们通常认为/承认
Itishoped/stilltobehopedthat…(我们)希望/仍希望
Itismentionedthat…据说
Itisnoticed/notedthat…人们注意到/前面已经指出
Itisproposedthat…有人提议(指出)
Itisrecommendedthat…有人推荐
Itisregardedthat…人们认为
Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itissaidthat…据说
Itisstressedthat…人们强调说
Itissupposedthat…据推测;
假定
Itisthoughtthat…有人认为
Itisuniversallyacceptedthat…普遍认为
Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
Itiswellknownthat…必须承认
Itshouldbepointedoutthat…必须指出
Itwillbeseenfromitthat…由此可见
7.【真题范例】
Anditisimaginedbymany
thattheoperationprocessesofthecommonmen’smindcanbynomeansbecomparedwithscientists’operationprocessesofmind,
andtheyhavetobeacquired[byasortofspecialtraining].
许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulated[onlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago],
andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividual
isonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied
四.从糅合到分解
欣赏:
【英】Thelastfewdayshavefoundmeveryrestless.ThiseveningasIsatintheyardtoenjoythecool,itstruckmehowdifferentthelotuspoolIpasseverydaymustlookunderafullmoon.
【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。
今晚在院子里坐着乘凉,忽然想起日日走过的荷塘,在这满月的光里,总该另有一番样子吧。
名词性从句:
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
形容词从句:
定语从句
副词性从句:
状语从句(时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、方式、让步、比较)
1.同位语从句
a.识别
That…
Whether…
b.语序
Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthatlawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.[2007-48-33]
但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解
2.定语从句
n.+which/that/who…
n.+prep.+which…
n.+where/when…
…,which/as…
InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapersandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.[2005-47-34]
在欧洲,就像其他地方一样,传媒集团越来越成功,这些集团将业务彼此相关的电视、广播、报纸及出版社组合在一起。
Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed–…[2005-46-34]
电视是引发和传递这些情感的手段之一
TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.[2004-61-35]
希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。
3.让步状语从句
While…,….
As
Though
Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.
[06-48][07-50][08-48][09-48][11-47]
五.从逻辑到语义
1.正义反译;
反义正译
动词:
Fail未能做成
Miss没赶上
liveupto不辜负
ignore
over-look未注意到
exclude未囊括在内
名词:
absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,
形容:
befarfrom…
双否:
no…but..;
cannot…too…
Thereisnomanbuthavefault.
Youcannotbetoocarefulwhentranslating.
Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully.”
他谦虚的补充道,有可能自己“在两个方面优于常人,其一是能够注意到不易被人觉察的事物,其二是能够对其仔细观察。
”
[2008-49-33]
2.特殊结构
a.取舍比较(强弱比较)
moreAthanB;
lessBthanA;
notsomuchBas/butA
Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisen
lessthrough
externalchallengetothevalidityofhistory[asanintellectualdiscipline]
andmorefrom
internalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
Itwasacuriousexchange,
lessadebate
thanaquarrelbetweentwoaggressivemen,
eachofwhomdeterminedtoimpresstheaudience[asmorepeacefulthantheother].
这是一次奇妙的交谈,与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论,还不如说是一次吵嘴,双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。
b.完全否定
nomore…than…,
not…anymorethan…
Thereis
noreasonanyoneshouldlimithowmanyhoursyouspendonstudyeveryday,
anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchphysicalexerciseyoudo.
c.否定递进
muchless,
stillless,
Lazybonescanhardlyfinishtheirdailytasks;
stilllesscantheyachieveabrilliantfuture.
tosaynothingof,
nottospeakof,
nottomention,
letalone
d.形似区分
Nothingbut(elsethan)=only
Anythingbut(elsethan)=absolutelynot
Mr.Fuisnothingbutahooligan.
MrFuisanythingbutahooligan.
Heknowslittleofmathematics,andstilllessofchemistry.
Theyoungman’sfailureintheNETEMisnothingelsethanhislaziness.
Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.
六.从倒装到顺畅
1.语法倒装
完全倒装
a.状语开头;
b.谓语:
“移动”或“处所”;
c.主语非代词。
[Undertheamusingappearanceofthecartoon]liesasimpletruththat……
部分倒装
1.Only强调状语开头;
2.否定意义的状语开头;
3.让步状语从句,表语倒装;
4.虚拟省略倒装;
IfIwereyou,Iwouldpersist.
Were/should/had
Allwouldbewell
Ifreasonweretheonlyjudgeinthedebate.
Allthestatistics,nomattertheyshouldbemoderateorserious,cannotreflectthetruth.
If…
Nomatter…
[Onlygradually]theby-productoftheinstitutionwasnoted,
and[onlymoregraduallystill]thiseffectwasconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.
Misconduct
Misdeed
Misbehavior
Delinquency
[2009-47-32]
人们只是逐渐的才注意到机构这一副产品,而人们把这一作用视为机构运作的知道因素的过程则更为缓慢。
and[perhapsneverbefore]
ithasserved[somuch][toconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations]
[asintherecenteventsinEurope].
[在此之前有可能]
电视从未[像在最近的欧洲事件中那样]将不同的民族和国家联系起来
[2005-46-34]
在欧洲最近发生的事件中,电视把不同的民族和国家联系在了一起,其作用之大,前所未有。
2.修辞倒装
若某个名词性成分过于冗长,可无条件后置。
Scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworldarebillionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton,whichmayserveasfoodforlargeranimalsuchaswhales.
Billionsoftonsofsmallplantsandanimalscalledplankton,whichmayserveasfoodforlargeranimalsuchaswhalesare[scatteredthroughtheseasoftheworld].
ReachingnewpeakofpopularityinNorthAmericaisbottledwater,whichhasthegreatestmarketshare.
S+V
S+V+O2+O1……..
S+V+OC+O…….
Acceptaswellfounded……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfounded
thechargemadebysomeofhiscritics
that,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.
[2008-48-33]
另一方面,有些人批判他虽然善于观察,但不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法是缺乏依据的。
Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificance
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