远卓浙江宁波韵升Automotive Profile.docx
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远卓浙江宁波韵升Automotive Profile.docx
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远卓浙江宁波韵升AutomotiveProfile
AutomotiveProfile-USA
Updated:
February28,2002
Section1. MotorVehicleIndustry/MarketSnapshot
Overview
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallybeenthecountrywiththehighestvehicleproductionandsales.TheU.S.markethasbeeninanextendedperiodofgrowth.In2001,salesoflightvehicles(passengercars,stationwagons,vans,sportutilities,andpick-uptrucks)reachedalevelof17.1millionunits,down1.2percentfrom2000’srecordtotalof17.4millionunits.ItwasthefirstinstanceinU.S.historyofaconsecutivesix-yearperiodwithsalesabove15millionunitsannuallyeachyear.NinemanufacturersproducepassengervehiclesintheUnitedStates;BMW,DaimlerChrysler,Ford,GeneralMotors,Honda,Mitsubishi,Nissan,SubaruandToyota.TwentymanufacturerssoldpassengervehiclesintheUnitedStatesin2001.TheUnitedStatesisalefthanddrivemarket(vehiclesdriveontherightsideoftheroad.)
TheU.S.automotivepartsindustrycomprisesapproximately3,800firms,including500Japanese,European,andCanadianmanufacturers.Themajority-roughly3,000-ofthesefirmssupplyboththeoriginalequipmentandaftermarket,withtheremaindermanufacturingpartsexclusivelyforthereplacementpartsmarket.Ofthetop50globalautomotivepartssuppliers,21areheadquarteredintheUnitedStates,andthese21accountedforalmosthalfoftheworld=sTop50companies=globalsalesof$294billionin2000.ThefivelargestU.S.autopartsmanufacturersareDelphi,Visteon,Lear,JohnsonControl,andTRW.
U.S.salesofimportedlightvehicles(i.e.thosephysicallyassembledinplantsoutsideofNorthAmerica)peakedin1986at4.2millionvehicles,26.2percentofthetotalmarket,withnearly80percentofthesecomingfromJapan.Ineachofthefollowingtenyears,salesofimportsdeclinedsteadilyuntilreaching1.7millionunitsin1996,whentheyaccountedfor11.3percentofthetotalmarket.Importsalesincreasedin1997,1998,1999,2000andagainin2001.In2001importsalesreached3.1millionunits,or18percentofthetotalmarket(withimportsfromallsources,includingCanadaandMexicoaccountingfor39.4percentofthemarket).
U.S.MotorVehicleexportsincreasedeachyearbetween1994and1997,foratotalincreaseof15.4percent,peakingat1.7millionunits.Vehicleexportsweredownto1.6millionunitsin1998,andfellagainto1.5millionunitsin1999.Exportsincreasedintheyear2000by5.8percent,to1.6millionunits.For2001exportsdeclined1.3percent.MotorVehicleexportsrangedbetween10.5and14percentofoverallproductionbetween1994and2000.
TheUnitedStates’topfivetradingpartnersforautomotivetrade(rankedbycombinedvalueofautomotiveimportsplusexports)areCanada,Japan,Mexico,KoreaandGermany.TheUnitedStatesisanetimporterofautomobilesandautopartsand,in2001,ranadeficitinautomotivetradewiththeworldandwitheachofthetopfivetradingpartnerslistedabove.
TotalVehicleRegistrations
PassengerCars
Trucks
Total
1996
124,612,787
73,680,872
198,293,459
1997
124,672,920
76,397,477
201,070,397
1998
125,965,709
79,076,930
205,042,639
1999
126,868,744
82,640,417
209,509,161
2000
127,720,809
85,578,504
213,299,313
Source:
AutomotiveNews,Polk
VehicleFleetAge
(MedianAge)
Cars
Trucks
1996
7.9
7.7
1997
8.1
7.8
1998
8.3
7.6
1999
8.3
7.2
2000
8.3
6.9
Source:
AutomotiveNews,Polk
U.S.VehiclesperPopulation
(2000)
Cars
Trucks
TotalVehicles
Population
Carsper1,000People
TotalVehiclesper1,000People
127,720,809
85,578,504
213,299,313
281,421,906
599
758
Source:
AutomotiveNews/U.S.BureauoftheCensus
U.S.MotorVehicleProduction
(units)
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Cars
5,933,921
5,554,373
5,637,949
5,542,745
4,881,717
LightTrucks
5,831,438
6,046,216
6,954,350
6,838,411
6,288,900
TotalLt.Vehicles
11,765,359
11,600,589
12,592,299
12,380,628
11,170,617
Medium/HeavyTrucks
337,716
374,342
431,868
390,804
256,136
TotalVehicles*
12,130,575
12,002,663
13,024,978
12,773,714
11,426,753
Source:
Ward=sAutomotive,*totalvehiclesincludessomeadditional"othertrucks".
U.S.MotorVehicleSales
(units)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Cars
8,525,754
8,272,074
8,141,721
8,698,284
8,846,966
LightTrucks
6,533,913
6,814,544
7,401,286
8,195,254
8,503,130
TotalLt.Vehicles
15,059,667
15,086,618
15,543,007
16,893,538
17,350,096
Med./HeavyTrucks
170,009
376,139
424,280
521,190
461,918
TotalMotorVehicles
15,229,676
15,462,757
15,967,287
17,414,728
17,812,014
Source:
Ward=sAutomotive
AutomotiveIndustryEmployment
(inthousandsofpeople)
MotorVehicles
PartsandAccessories
AutoIndustryTotal
1996
385.3
764.1
1,149.4
1997
388.6
773.6
1,162.2
1998
388.3
778.8
1,167.1
1999
400.2
791.9
1,192.1
2000
394.9
791.9
1,186.8
Source:
U.S.DeptofLabor/BureauofLaborStatistics
Section2. TradeEnvironment
Overview
TheUnitedStatesisoneofthemostopenautomotivemarketsintheworld,withlowtariffsonpassengervehiclesandautoparts.Thetariffrateforpassengervehiclesis2.5percent.Thetariffratefortrucksis25percent.Tariffsonautopartsvary,withasimpleaveragerateof2.8percent.In2001,U.S.automotiveimportswerevaluedat$188billion.Inaddition,automotiveproductsareanimportantexportfortheUnitedStates,withexportsof$75billionin2001.
TheUnitedStatesispursuingafreetradestrategyforautomotiveproductsinavarietyoffora,includingglobaleffortsintheWorldTradeOrganization,andregionaleffortssuchastheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementandtheAsiaPacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)forum.
Tariffs
U.S.TariffRates
Bound
Applied
PassengerVehicles*(87.03)
2.5%
2.5%
Trucks(87.04)
25%
25%
Buses(87.02)
2%
2%
CompleteEngines(84.07,87.08)
2.5%
2.5%
BodyStampings(87.0829)
2.5%
2.5%
Transaxles/Transmissions(87.0850)
2.5%
2.5%
Remainderof8708
2.5%
2.5%
*Forthepurposesofassessingtariffs,passengercarsaredefinedasvehicleswhichareprimarilyintendedforthetransportofpassengers.ThiscategoryincludesthelighttruckscommonlyreferredtoasMinivansandSportUtilityVehicles(SUVs),butnotlight-dutypick-uptrucks.
CustomsProcedures
VehiclesimportedintotheUnitedStatesarerequiredtomeetfederallymandatedsafetyandemissionstandards.Itistheresponsibilityofthevehiclemanufacturertoensurethatitsvehiclesmeetthesestandards.Vehiclesmustbeappropriatelylabeledandaccompaniedbydocumentationverifyingcompliancewithfederalregulations.
ImportRestrictions
ImportLicenses
-None.
Quotas
-None.
Bans
-None.
InvestmentRequirements
Local/RegionalContentProvisions
TheUnitedStatesdoesnothavealocalcontentrequirementspecifyingacertainthresholdthatmustbeexceededinorderforvehiclestobemanufacturedand/orsoldintheUnitedStates.Whilecertaintradeagreementsandlegislativeprovisionsdocontain"rulesoforigin,"noneofthembarentrytotheU.S.market.ForexampletheCorporateAverageFuelEconomy(CAFE)lawrequiresvehiclemanufacturerstoseparatetheirfleetsintodomestic(madewithintheNAFTAregion)andimportcategories,baseduponcontent.Eachfleetmustmeetthefueleconomystandardssetbythelaw(seesection4.)Also,theAmericanAutomobileLabelingActrequiresthatnewvehiclesmustbelabeledastotheirNorthAmericancontentpercentageatthetimeofsale.Nospecificcontentlevelisrequiredbythelabelingact.
EquityRestrictions/Requirements
-None.
ProfitRepatriationRequirements
-None.
ForeignExchangeBalancingProvisions/Requirements
-None.
ExportIncentives/TradeBalancingRequirements
None.
RegionalTradeArrangements
NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)
TheNAFTA,signedin1995,isawiderangingagreement,coveringtradebetweentheCanada,MexicoandtheUnitedStates.Undertheagreementtradebarriersarescheduledtobegraduallyphasedout,withthegoaloffreetradebetweenthethreecountries.Inthecaseoftheautoindustry,theNAFTAliftsrestrictionsoveratenyearperiodexceptforusedautoimportsintoMexico,whicharequotacontrolledthrough2019.Thetraderestrictionswhicharebeingphasedoutincludeareassuchastariffs,MexicanlocalcontentprovisionsandMexicantradebalancingrequirements.
ManufacturingFreeTradeZones
Foreign-tradezonesaresecureareasunderU.S.CustomssupervisionthatareconsideredoutsidetheCustomsterritoryoftheUnitedStates.LocatedinornearU.S.Customsportsofentry,theyaretheU.S.versionofwhatareknowninternationallyasfreetradezones.
Foreignanddomesticmerchandisemaybemovedintozonesforactivitiesnototherwiseprohibitedbylawinvolvingstorage,exhibition,assembly,manufacturing,andprocessing.Allzoneactivity,especiallymanufacturing,issubjecttopublicinterestreview.UnderzoneprocedurestheusualformalCustomsentryprocedureandpaymentofdutiesisnotrequiredontheforeignmerchandiseunlessanduntilitentersU.S.Customsterritoryfordomesticconsumption,inwhichcasetheimporternormallyhasachoiceofpayingdutieseitherontheoriginalforeignmaterialsorthefinishedproduct.Domesticgoodsmovedintoazoneforexportareconsideredexporteduponenteringthezoneforpurposesofexcisetaxrebatesanddrawback.
Asof1996,therewere220U.S.communitiesin49stateswithforeigntradezones.AllforeignaffiliatedandU.S.ownedautomanufacturersusedforeign-tradezones.
DutyDrawBackArrangements
U.S.firmsthatimportmaterialsorcomponentsthatthey
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