基数词序数词语法的运用.docx
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基数词序数词语法的运用.docx
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基数词序数词语法的运用
语法
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词;表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。
ﻫ基数词的构成
1)1-20表达英语中有相对应的单词,两位数的表达方法为整数加个位数组成,如twenty-one;三位数如one hundredandtwenty-one, 百位和十位之间加and,后面两位数要加连字符,四位以上只有在百位和十位之间加and,
如1134onethousand,onehundredandthirty-four。
英语中没有万,千万,亿等单位,如果需要表示万的话用thousand计算,
例如1,4283fourteen thousandtwo hundredand eighty-three;
如果需要表示千万和亿的话用million计算,
如2,1824,5200 twohundredandeighteenmilliontwohundred andforty-fivethousandandtwo hundred。
2)用作基数词单位的hundred,thousand,million,billion 不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。
如:
Abouttwothousand peoplediedintheearthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousandsof peoplegoto the seasideeveryyear.每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
Two_________(hundred)ofstudents took partinthesportsmeetinglastweek.
解析:
正确答案为hundred. 前面出现具体数字,后面只能用hundred,但是后面出现了of, 很多学生会误写成hundreds, 但是这边的of表示的范围,这句话的意思是:
上周学生中的两百个人参加了运动会。
3)表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。
如:
Heisin his earlytwenties.他才二十出头。
Thistook place inthe 1930s.这事发生在20世纪30年代。
数词和名词,形容词连用时有连字符和没有连字符在句中的位置是有区别的,例如five-year-old和fiveyearsold.有连字符的在句中做定语,修饰后面的名词;无连字符的在句中做表语,放在系动词后面。
Thefive-year-oldboycandresshimself.那个5岁的孩子自己能穿衣服了。
Mysonisafive-year-old boy.我的儿子是一个五岁的男孩。
基数词变序数词
1)许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的,如four/fourth,sixteen/sixteenth;
twentieth,thirtieth, fortieth等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加-th构成。
几个常考的不规则变化序数词需注意:
ninth,twelfth,fortieth,ninetieth等。
2)非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:
twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),
ninety-ninth(第99),three hundredandsixty-fifth(第365)等。
3)序数词前通常要用定冠词,但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词时,通常省略其前的定冠词。
如:
Today ismyfather’s fortieth birthday.
4)序数词前一般要用定冠词the,如果序数词前用a或an时,则表示“又一;再一”(没有具体范围的限制)。
如:
ﻫ Though he had failed twice, he wanted to try a third time.
尽管他已失败了两次,他还想再试一次。
数词的用法
1)时刻的表示:
小时,分钟,秒钟都用基数词表示,
例如:
fiveo'clock,seventhirty, two toeight等。
2)年,月,日的表示:
“日月年或月日年”。
如,2009年5月1日在英语中可写为“May1st,2009”或“1st May,2009”。
年份用基数词,日用序数词。
例如:
五月八号写作Maytheeighth
表示在几世纪这个概念时,用序数词。
例如:
在21世纪写作in thetwenty-first century.
3) 分数
(1)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。
如:
ﻫ one fifth五分之一ﻫ one tenth十分之一ﻫ
(2)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。
如:
ﻫ two thirds三分之二 ﻫ five eighths八分之五ﻫ (3)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。
如:
a second = one secondﻫ a third = one thirdﻫ (4)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。
如:
ﻫ a half二分之一ﻫ three quarters四分之三
4)百分数
百分数用percent表示。
如:
forty percent百分之四十ﻫ three percent百分之三
5)编号的表示:
基数词放到名词的后面,前面的名词要大写;序数词放在名词的前面,要加定冠词。
例如:
Lesson1,thefirstlesson.
6)与数词有关的钟点表达法
顺读法(钟点十分钟) 如,4:
30fourthirty
4:
15four fifteen
倒读法(分钟+ to/past+钟点) 如,4:
30halfpastfour
4:
15fifteenpastfour/a quarter pastfour
ﻫ7).分数、百分数与主谓一致ﻫ分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。
当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;
当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
Eighty percent of the students in our school come from Henan.
我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。
Three fourths of the students in my class are interested in English.ﻫ我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。
Two thirds of the water on the earth is sea water.
地球上三分之二的水是海水。
巩固练习
用英语写出下列数字
300____________________ﻩﻩﻩ500 ____________________
785____________________ﻩ1000____________________
5,129____________________ﻩﻩ16,431____________________
100, 000____________________ﻩ1,000,000____________________
654,962__________________________________________
3,523,976________________________________________
单项选择
1.I’d like______bowlsof noodles.Oneisformyselfandtheothertwo areformyparents.
A.one, ﻩﻩB.two ﻩC. three ﻩD.four
2____________,youcan workouttheMathsproblem easily.
ﻩA.Inthisway B.OnthewayﻩC.Intheway ﻩD.On thisway
3.I gotabeautifulbike on________birthday.I likeitverymuch.
A.fifteenthB,fifteen ﻩC,my fifteen D.myfifteenth
4.---What’sonthe desk?
---There____________somebooks.
ﻩA. beﻩB.are ﻩC.is ﻩD. am
5.---Hello,May Ispeak toDavid,please?
---yes,_______.
ﻩA.IamDavid ﻩﻩB.David,please ﻩ
ﻩC.mynameisDavidﻩﻩﻩﻩﻩD,thisisDavidspeaking
6.Gina’s birthdayis__________the first ofJune.
A. in ﻩB.on ﻩC.at D. for
7. Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPage(页)_____andlookatthe_______picture.
ﻩA. Fifth; five ﻩB Five;fifthﻩC Fifth; fifth;ﻩDFive;five
8:
Thereare_________studentsinour school.
ﻩA. onethousand, ninehundredandforty-five
B.onethousand,ninehundred andfourtyfive
ﻩC.onethousandandninehundred,forty –five
ﻩD. onethousandandninehundred and forty-five
9. Elevenplus oneis________.
A. twelfth ﻩBtwelve ﻩC. thirteenﻩﻩﻩD.ten
10. Yesterdaymyteacher gaveme_________ on howtolearnEnglish.
ﻩA,someadvicesﻩB.manyadvicesC.anadvice ﻩﻩD.some advice
综合练习
一.单项选择题
1.Duringtheseven-dayMayDayholiday, _____familieswent sightseeing.
A.thousandﻩﻩﻩB.thousands
C. thousandsandthousandsﻩﻩD. thousandsof
2.I’veread______ sportsnews abouttheF1 racetoday.
A.twoﻩﻩB.piecesﻩC. twopiecesﻩﻩD.twopieces of
3.DuringWorldWar II, aJewish(犹太的)lady wasprotected by alocalfamilyinShanghaiin her_____.
A.fiftiesﻩB.fiftyﻩﻩﻩC.fiftiethﻩﻩD.thefiftieth
4.Itis said that______ofthestudents like tohelptheirparentswith the housework.
A.three-fifthsﻩB.third-fifthsﻩC.thirds-fifthﻩﻩD.three-fifth
5. We cansee_____________stars intheskyat night.
A.athousandofﻩﻩﻩB. thousands
C.thousandofﻩﻩD.thousands of
6.ﻩItis reported thatabout ______ of the customerswant tobuyproductsmadeinChina.
A. two-threesﻩﻩB.two-thirdsC.second-threeﻩﻩﻩD.two-third
7. Nowclass,pleaseopen yourbooksand turn to_____.
A.32pagesB.page32ﻩC.32ndpageﻩﻩD.pages 32
8.A:
Howmanypeoplewill cometo BeijingfortheOlympicGamesin2008?
B:
It’shardtosay.___________people,Ithink.
A.Million ofﻩB. MillionsofC.TwomillionsofﻩﻩD.Twomillionof
9. A _______boy cansing theEnglish songvery well.
A. ten-year-old ﻩB.ten years old C.ten-years-old D.fifth years old
10.The oldprofessorstill works hardthough heis _________.
A.in hissixty ﻩB. inhis sixties C.insixties D. inthesixty
11.Thisclassroomis________ours.
A.threetimesbig as ﻩﻩﻩB.as threetimes big as
C.threetimesasbig as ﻩﻩD.asbigthreetimesas
12. Ourschoolisnotverybig.There areonly________students.
A. ninehundredsof ﻩﻩB. ninehundred
C.ninehundreds ﻩﻩD.nine hundredof
13. Ittookme________tofindoutthe key tothe drawer.
A. oneandhalf hours B.oneanda halfhours
C.oneand ahalfhour ﻩD.oneandhalf hour
14.Don’tworry.She canlookafter yourpet_____
A.carefulenoughﻩﻩB.enoughcarefulﻩ
C.carefully enoughﻩﻩﻩD.enoughcarefully
15.Couldyoutellushowtoreadthenumber18,306,211?
A.eighteenmillion,threehundredandsixthousands, twohundredeleven
B.eighteenmillion,threehundred and sixthousand,twohundred andeleven
C.eighteen millions,threehundredsixthousands, twohundredsand eleven
D.eighteenthousand,threehundredandsix,two hundredeleven
16.Shakespearewasbornin ______。
A.1660s ﻩB.1660’sﻩC.the1660s ﻩﻩD.the1660’s
17.Billsaidthey weregoingtohave_____ holiday。
A.a two-weeks’ ﻩﻩﻩB.atwo-week
C.twoweeks’D.two weeks
18.Over ______ofthearticles oneducationhavebeenpublished。
A.two thirds B.two third C.seconds three D.secondsthird
19.Myfatherlefthomeatabout __。
A.sixthirty ﻩB.thirtysix C.thirty tosix ﻩD.sixpastthirty
20.Weall thinkthatthe______centurywill bringus more hopes。
A.twenty-firstﻩﻩﻩB.twentieth-first
C.twenty-one ﻩﻩD.twentieth-one
21.——What’s your roomnumber?
——It’s______。
A.The601Room ﻩﻩB.601Room
C.TheRoom601 ﻩD.Room601
22.______the studentsusually surf ontheInternetandgetinformation。
A.60percentsof ﻩﻩﻩB.60percent
C.60percentof ﻩﻩD.60 percents
23.Several_______newbooksweresoldoutlastweek。
A.ofthousand ﻩﻩﻩﻩB.thousands
C.thousand of D.thousand
24.Whichisright?
A.2009,June25ﻩB.25rdJune,2009
C.June25,2009 ﻩﻩD.June25st,2009
25.Tomorrow ismy________birthday。
A.sixteen ﻩﻩﻩB.sixteenth
C.the sixteenth ﻩﻩﻩﻩD.thesixteen
26.Wehavestayedatthis schoolfor_______ 。
Whichfollowingchoiceis wrong?
A.two andahalfyears B.twoyears and a half
C.twoyearsandhalf ayear ﻩD.bothAand B
二、语法填空。
(每小题1分,共10分)
Television has nowcometoevery family.It hasbecomeaveryimportantpartinpeople’slife. School__1_ intheUnitedStateswatch TVabouttwenty-five hoursaweek. Some parents feelthattelevision is good__2_theirchildrenbecauseithelpsthem_3_abouttheircountryand know whatis happeningintheworldquickly._4_thehelpofsomeprogrammes ofeducation, childrendo __5_ in school.
Other parentsdo not lettheirchildren watchTV toooften. TheysaytheTVprogrammessometimesarenot goodandchildrencanlearnbadthingsfrom_6__.
Manhasinvented_7__ things.Thetelevisionis oneofthem. Ifitis __8__planned,_9_TV canbegoodforchildren.Ofcourse children_10_spendtoomuchtimeon it.Doyou agree?
1.A. child ﻩB.childs C.children ﻩD.childes
2. A.for ﻩB. at C.in ﻩﻩD. on
3.A.learningﻩB.learnsC. learned ﻩD.learn
4.A. With B.In C.Under ﻩﻩD. For
5.A. good ﻩB. betterC.bad ﻩﻩD. worse
6.A.themﻩﻩB.their ﻩC.themselvesD.they
7. A.muchﻩB.many ﻩﻩC. alittle D. few
8. A.careB. careful ﻩC.carefullyD.careless
9.A.watches B.watchsﻩC. watched ﻩD.watching
10. A. can’t ﻩﻩB. can C.may D.maynot
三、完形填空。
(每小题1分,共10分)
There are manyways forustoreduce(减少)waste.For 1 , wecanreduce paperandplasticbags.Wecanalsorecycle newspapers,
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