History_of_English_Literature--Literature_of_17th_Century.ppt.ppt
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History_of_English_Literature--Literature_of_17th_Century.ppt.ppt
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HistoryofBritishLiteratureHistoryofBritishLiteratureHistoryofBritishLiteratureHistoryofBritishLiteratureForForForForUndergraduateStudentsUndergraduateStudentsUndergraduateStudentsUndergraduateStudentsLiteratureof17thCenturyLiteratureof17thCenturyHistoryofEnglishLiteratureReviewofRenaissanceliteratureAgeofdramaandpoetryPoetry:
sonnet,blankverse(Wyatt,Surrey,Spenser,Sidney,Marlowe,Shakespeare,Jonson)Drama:
Marlowe,Shakespeare,JonsonProse:
More,Bacon,Lyly,Nashe,DelonyI.Historicalbackground1.political2.ideologicalII.literature1.MetaphysicalandCavalierpoets2.threeJohns3.drama:
comedyofmannersHistoryofEnglishLiterature17thCenturyLiterature1.politicalbackground:
1).TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution2).TheRestorationandTheGloriousRevolutionElizabethJamesI(VI)CharlesICharlesIIJamesIIMaryIIandWilliamIIIAnneHouseofStuartCharlesICromwellJamesI1).TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution1603JamesI(Stuart):
divinerightofkings1625CharlesI:
1629-1640:
noparliamentshortparliament(amonth)longparliament(1640-1653)1642civilwarbrokeout1649Royalistsvs.ParliamentarianforcesCharlesI,defeated,triedandbeheaded,republicCharlesIwasbeheadedCharlesIIJamesII2).Restorationandgloriousrevolution1653Cromwell-LordProtector1658RichardLordProtector,weak1660Charles-Restoration1685James:
Catholic(officialreligion),fledtoFrance,twopartysystemToryparty:
supportJamesII(Conservative)Whigparty:
opposeJamesII(Liberal)2).Restorationandgloriousrevolution1688Mary&William(protestants):
jointrulers-gloriousrevolutionendofabsolutemonarchybeginningofconstitutionalmonarchyWilliamIIIandMaryII2.ideologicalbackground1.Divinerightofkingsvs.Republicanism2.Anglicanvs.Puritan3.philosophy:
idealismvs.materialism1).Divinerightofkingvs.RepublicanismPamphlets:
commonownershipofland;fulleconomicandpoliticalequality2).ReligiousstruggleAnglicanChurchvs.PuritanDifferencebetweenAnglicansandPuritansPuritans:
ChristiansshoulddoonlywhattheBiblecommanded.Anglicans:
ChristiansshouldnotdowhattheBibleprohibited.Puritans:
supremeauthorityofBibleAnglicans:
SupremeGovernoroftheChurch-theKing3).Philosophy:
idealismvs.materialismJohnLocke(1632-1704)againstthedivinerightofkingsoneofthemostinfluentialEnlightenmentthinkers(VoltaireandRousseau)influence18thc.literaturetheSpenserianstheSpenserianstheMetaphysicalpoetstheMetaphysicalpoetstheCavalierpoetstheCavalierpoetsII.literature1.TheSpenserians:
thepoetswhoimitatedthepoetryoftheprecedingage:
PhineasandGilesFletcher(brothers)religiousallegories1).PhineasFletcher(1582-1650):
“TheLocustsorApollonists”:
fallofSatan,anticipatedMiltons“ParadiseLost”“ThePurpleIsland:
ortheIsleofMan”:
humanbodybeingexposedtoattacksofdifferentsinsandvices-anticipatedBunyans“TheHolyWar”2).GilesFletcher(1588?
1623)“ChristsVictoryandTriumphinHeavenandEarth”(epic)anticipatedMiltons“ParadiseRegained”“Spenserianstanza”2.TheMetaphysicalpoets1).lyricpoetsofthe17thcentury:
JohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert,AndrewMarvell,HenryVaughan,ThomasTraherne,AbrahamCowley,RichardCrashaw2).startling,highlyimaginativecomparisons:
MetaphysicalconceitsLiterarytermconceit:
anunusualelaboratemetaphororsimilepresentingasurprisingaptsimilaritybetweentwoapparentlydissimilarthings,oftenemploysthedevicesofhyperbole,paradox,andoxymoron.PetrarchanConceitimitatethemetaphorsusedbyPetrarchusedinlovepoetry,exploitsaparticularsetofimagesforcomparisonswiththedespairingloverandhisunpityingbutidolizedmistresstheloverisashiponastormysea,andhismistressacloudofdarkdisdain“theladyisasunwhosebeautyandvirtueshineonherloverfromadistanceMetaphysicalConceitlackofconventionality,shockingorunusualcomparisonasthebasisforthemetaphor,astartlingappropriateness,lookatsomethinginanentirelynewwaywiderangeofknowledge,comparisonsareelaboratelyrationalizedTheFleaflea:
unionoftwoloversAValediction:
ForbiddingMourningthetwofeetofcompass:
thesteadfastlovebetweentwodepartingloversPraisebottle:
thegenerosityofGodwhichwilltakeinaninfiniteamountofthespeakerstearsJohnDrydenfirstusedtheword“metaphysics”incommentingonDonnesPoetry.SamuelJohnsonfirstcalledDonneandhisfollowers“themetaphysicalpoets”JohnDonne(1572-1631)mostoutstandingandleaderofEnglishMetaphysicalPoetschurchmanfamousforhisspellbindingsermons
(1)lifeLondon,prominentRomanCatholicfamily,convertedtoAnglicanismduringthe1590s11Oxford,Cambridge,nodegreeLincolnsInn,legalordiplomaticcareer1598privatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,KeeperoftheGreatSealsecretmarriagein1601toEgertonsniece,AnneMore,resultedinhisdismissalfromthispositionandinabriefimprisonmentIn1621deanofSt.PaulsCathedral.
(2).works:
songsandsonnets,marriagesongs,elegies,epigrams,satiresreligiouspoemstranslationsSongsandSonnets:
55shortlovelyricsDivinePoems:
26“HolySonnets”startedthetraditionofdivinepoemsbestknown:
“Death,benotproud”Elegies(20)Satires:
faithfulreflectionofthesocialrealitySermons(160)布道文布道文:
spiritualdevotiontoGodAValediction:
ForbiddingMourningIftheybetwo,theyaretwosoAsstifftwincompassesaretwo;Thysoul,thefixdfoot,makesnoshowTomove,butdoth,ifthotherdo.Andthoughitinthecentresit,Yet,whentheotherfardothroam,Itleans,andhearkensafterit,Andgrowserect,asthatcomeshome.Suchwiltthoubetome,whomust,Likethotherfoot,obliquelyrun;Thyfirmnessmakesmycirclejust,AndmakesmeendwhereIbegun.TheFleaItsuckdmefirst,andnowsucksthee,Andinthisfleaourtwobloodsmingledbe.Ostay,threelivesinonefleaspare,Wherewealmost,yea,morethanmarriedare.ThisfleaisyouandI,andthisOurmarriagebed,andmarriagetempleis.(3).CharacteristicsofDonnespoemsbreakfromconventionsubtle,complex,oftenstartling,expertuseofparadoxandconceitLoveisthebasictheme:
thenatureofloveistheunionofsoul&bodyGeorgeHerbert(1593-1633)finestofthereligiousmetaphysicalsAnglicanpoet:
poetshouldsingthegloryofGod,symbolicwayusuallydifficulttoappreciate“EasterWings”“Virtue”“EasterWings”:
apoemfullofdeepimagerynotonlyinitswordsbutalsointhevisualstructureofthestanzas(shapepoetry形体诗形体诗)thepoetsdesiretoflywithChristasaresultofJesussacrifice,deathandresurrection(Lord)LORD,whocreatedstmaninwealthandstore,Thoughfoolishlyhelostthesame,Decayingmoreandmore,TillhebecameMostpoor:
WiththeeOletmeriseAslarks,harmoniously,Andsingthisdaythyvictories:
Thenshallthefallfurthertheflightinme.Mytenderageinsorrowdidbegin:
AndstillwithsicknessesandshameThoudidstsopunishsin,ThatIbecameMostthin.WiththeeLetmecombineAndfeelthisdaythyvictoryFor,ifIimpmywingonthine,Afflictionshalladvancetheflightinme.l(aleaffalls)onelinessE.E.CummingsRichardKostelanetzWilliamBurford:
AChristmasTreeStarIfyouareAlovecompassionateYouwillwalkwithusthisyearWefaceaglacialdistance,whoarehereHuddledAtyourfeetThisChristmasendaquarrel.Seekoutaforgottenfriend.Dismisssuspicion,andreplaceitwithtrust.Writealoveletter.Sharesometreasure.Giveasoftanswer.Keepapromise.Findthetime.Forgoagrudge.Forgiveanenemy.Listen.Apologizeifyouwerewrong.Trytounderstand.Examineyourdemandsonothers.Thinkfirstofsomeoneelse.BeBekind;begentle.Appreciate.Laughalittle.Laughalittlemore.Expressyourgratitude.Gladdentheheartofachild.Welcomeastranger.TakepleasureinthebeautyandthewonderofEarth.Speakyourlove.Speakitagain.SpeakityetOnceagain.AndrewMarvellPuritan:
MiltonsfirstassistantintheRepubliconloveandnature:
“ToHisCoyMistress”,“TheGarden”theCavalierpoets3.Cavalierpoets1).agroupofEnglishgentlemenpoets,mostwereadmirersofBenJonson(Sons/TribeofBen).TheygottheirnamebecauseoftheirloyaltytoKingCharlesIduringtheEnglishCivilWars.Theywerealsocavaliersintheirstyleoflife.2).representatives:
RichardLovelace,JohnSuckling,RobertHerrick,ThomasCarew,SirEdmundWaller3).theme:
lovelyricsaddressedtomistresswarandhonourdutytothekingfavoritetheme:
carpediem,hedonismCarpediem(Latin):
coinedbyHorace,acommonthemeinlyricswhichemphasizesthatlifeisshort,timeisfleeting,andthatoneshouldmakethemostofpresentpleasures.(seizetheday).“Carpediem”最早出现于古罗马诗人贺最早出现于古罗马诗人贺拉斯拉斯(Horace)的诗句中。
贺拉斯在的诗句中。
贺拉斯在颂歌颂歌卷一卷一十一十一(OdesIXI)中写道:
中写道:
聪明一些,斟满酒盅,抛开长期的希望聪明一些,斟满酒盅,抛开长期的希望我在讲述的此时此刻,生命也在不断衰亡我在讲述的此时此刻,生命也在不断衰亡因此,及时行乐,不必为明天着想。
因此,及时行乐,不必为明天着想。
TotheVirgins,toMakeMuchofTime中国诗歌中的及时行乐主题中国诗歌中的及时行乐主题唐无名氏(杜秋娘)唐无名氏(杜秋娘)金缕衣金缕衣劝君莫惜金缕衣,劝君莫惜金缕衣,劝君惜取少年时。
劝君惜取少年时。
花开堪折直须折,花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝。
莫待无花空折枝。
WhySoPaleandWan,FondLover?
SirJohnSucklingWhysopaleandwan,fondlover?
Prithee,whysopale?
Will,whenlookingwellcantmoveher,Lookingillprevail?
Prithee,whysopale?
Whysodullandmute,youngsinner?
Prithee,whysomute?
Will,whenspeakingwellcantwinher,Sayingnothingdot?
Prithee,whysomute?
Quit,quitforshame!
Thiswillnotmove;Thiscannottakeher.Ifofherselfshewillnotlove,Nothingcanmakeher:
Thedeviltakeher!
4.DifferencebetweenthemetaphysicalpoetsandtheCavalierpoetsTheMetaphysicalpoetswerefondofabstruseimageryandcomplicatedmetaphorsTheCavalierspreferredmoredirectlanguageandexpressionJohnMiltonJohnBunyanJohnDryden1.lifestorywell-to-dobourgeoisPuritanfamily1642onthesideofpuritans,arguedforreligiousfreedomagainsttheauthorityofbishops1649workforCromwell1649-1660LatinSecretary:
translationofdiplomaticmessage1652completelyblind1657AndrewMarvellasassistant1643marriedMaryPowell,lefthimwithinamonth,wrote4pamphletsondivor
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