新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习 (1).doc
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新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习 (1).doc
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新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习
(一)
新概念二册语法精粹一、一般现在时一、一般现在时:
1.构成:
使用动词原形,第三人称单数须有变化。
(1)直接加“s”,works,takes
(2)以辅音加“y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”,carry→carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”,goesdresseswatchesbrushes2.功能:
(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作:
eg:
Birdsfly.
Shelovesmusic.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.
(2)表习惯性动作或职业,常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。
eg:
Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.Shewritestomeveryoften.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.
(3)表客观真理,格言警句或事实:
Theearthmovesroundthesun.
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
Twoandtwomakesfour.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤,熟能无过。
(4)表将来:
A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。
(黄金重点,所有考试都不放过它!
)
例如:
I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不错的句型,背下!
!
)I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!
)
B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件,用一般现在时表达将来时概念。
Theplaybeginsat6:
30thisevening.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?
Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.(按照时刻表,开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。
)测试精编1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?
A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3.-________youthinkhewillcome?
-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习
(二)
新概念二册语法精粹二、现在进行时:
is/am/are+现在分词1.表示现在正在进行的动作。
如Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?
You'reputtingonweight(体重增加)。
Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2.表现阶段正进行的动作。
Heistakingphysicsthissemester(本学期)。
Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。
Look!
Thebusiscoming.看!
车来了!
Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用,表示说话人带有感*彩:
赞赏或厌恶。
Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他总是想着别人。
)Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。
)Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老师一直在批评她迟到。
)5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。
(此条戒律请背10遍!
!
!
)
believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),see(看见),hear(听见),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(属于),think(认为),consider(认为),feel(觉得),look(看起来),seem(看上去),show(显示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),require(要求),possess(拥有),care(关心),like(喜欢),hate(讨厌),love(喜爱),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)
【简单记忆】:
●永远不要说I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说,这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.
●可怕的是:
我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错!
●注意:
haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时,因为这里have意为“举行”;think意为“考虑”。
测试精编:
1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost(职位)________intheoffice.(此题超前)A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(三)
新概念英语第二册语法精粹(三)一般过去时。
1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。
Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.Chinawasfoundedin1949.2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
(参)Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3.一般过去时,现在时和过去时的几组差异:
(别以为这很简单,下面的差异你不一定明白。
)●Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)●Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)●That'sallIhadtosay.(话已说完)●That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未尽)●Itwassonicetoseeyou.(离别时用)●Itissonicetoseeyou.(见面时用)●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是当天下午或晚上)●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句现在完成时,此乃后话!
]测试精编I:
(用所给动词的正确进态填空)。
1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.测试精编II:
1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue
2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.(without在这里表条件,你知道吗?
)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied
3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.moves
4.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)________hebeganhislecture.(重点题)A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseated
5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(四)
新概念二册语法精粹四.过去进行时:
were/was+现在分词1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.2.用于条件状语从句中表示过去将来进行的动作。
Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.3.过去某时将发生的事。
可参考—2(4)TheytoldmethattheywereleavingforNewYork.HewasgoingoutwhenIarrived.测试精编:
1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wereridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasriding2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/played3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.A.wascorningB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comes4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcome5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(五)
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(五)
现在完成时:
have/has+过去分词1.表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
●Hehasn'tseenherlately.●Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
如:
sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……
Hehasworkedherefor15years.
IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.3.某些非延续性动词(即:
动作开始便终止的动词),在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I.常见的非延续动词:
die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...(背三遍!
)
II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时,而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
●Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)●Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)●Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)●Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)●Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?
(误)●Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)4.注意since的用法:
Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
Hehasbeenheresince1980.
Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.5.几组对比:
HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。
Shehasgone.她已走了。
Sheisgone.她缺席了。
(or她死了。
)Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。
(动作)Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。
(状态)测试精编:
1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfound
新概念英语第二册语法精粹及练习(六)
新概念二册语法精粹第六章英语句型基本结构精要:
五种基本句型1.主+谓(不及物动词)
Mancanthink.Thefireisburning.
不可忽视:
常用不及物动词有break,breathe,burn,smoke,swim,skate,appear,disappear,work,thinketc.
2.主+谓+表语(系动词)
Hebecameascientist.
Sheisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.
不可忽视:
常用系动词:
be,get,turn,feel,seem,appear,looktaste,sound,smell,become,go,proveetc.
3.主+谓+宾(及物动词)
Welovepeace.
Theywillpaintthedoor.
常用动词有:
see,watch,need,love,like,study,answer,carry,etc.
4.主+谓+宾+宾补
Weelectedhimpresident.
Theypaintedthedoorwhite.
Iadvisedthestudentstorecitethetexts.
王牌重点:
常用作宾补的形式:
(请将每个例句大声朗读一遍)
(1)名词:
ThecouplenamedtheirbabyJohnson.
(2)形容词:
Ikeepthedooropen.
(3)副词:
Thenaughtyboyknockedthebottleover.
(4)不定式:
Heorderedhismentofire.
(5)分词:
Heheardme
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