双语-饲料加工工艺学.ppt
- 文档编号:14918366
- 上传时间:2023-06-28
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:272
- 大小:15.22MB
双语-饲料加工工艺学.ppt
《双语-饲料加工工艺学.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《双语-饲料加工工艺学.ppt(272页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
1,CollegeofAnimalScienceInnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity,FeedManufacturingTechnology,2,3,Introduction,In1810,Germanscientist,Thaer,developedthefirstfeedingstandard.Germanscientist,HennebergandStohmann,devisetheproximateanalysissystemthatbrokefeedintosixcomponents:
moisture,ash,crudeprotein,etherextract,crudefiberandnitrogen-freeextract.In1944,theNationalResearchCouncil(NRC)developedaseriesoffeedingstandardsforlivestockandpoultrythatareroutinelyupdatedandaretherecognizedbenchmarksforfeedformulationtoday.,4,Thefirstopportunityfortheformulafeedindustrytobeservicearoseinthelate1800s.BlatchfordsiscreditedwithbeingthefirstfeedmanufacturingfirmintheUnitedStates.E.T.&H.K.wastheoldestfamilyfeedfirmofferinggroundgrainin1813inUS.Waukeganwasthefirsttomakeacalffeedin1875inUS.Otherfeedfirmsthatdatetheirbeginningbackmorethan100to150yearsago.Chinastartstoproducefeedfromthe1900s.,5,ChinaAnnualFeedProductionCapacity(亿吨),6,ClassificationofFeedProductionin2012(万吨),7,ClassificationandDefinition,CompoundFeedCompoundfeedsarefeedstuffsthatareblendedfromvariousrawmaterialsandadditives.Theseblendsareformulatedaccordingtothespecificrequirementsofthetargetanimal.Theyaremanufacturedbyfeedproducersasmealtype,pelletsorcrumbles.ConcentratedFeedConcentratedfeedsarealsocalledasproteinsupplements,whicharefeedstuffsthatareblendmainlyfromprotein,vitamin,mineralsandadditivesbutwithoutenergysources.PremixPremixesarecomplexblendsofingredientsfromvitamins,minerals,aminoacidsandotheradditives,8,AdvantagesofFeedManufacturing,ProductionofasuitablecompoundfeedAnexampleisthesimplemixingofdifferentingredientstoproduceacompoundfeedthatfitsthespecificneedofananimal.IncreasednutritivevalueofthenutrientsinthefeedAnexampleistheheattreatmentofdietsforswinetoimprovedigestionofstarchduetogelatinisation(solubilisation)ofthestarch.IncreasedfeedintakeAnexampleisthepelletingoffeedsthatincreasesdensityandmakesuptakebytheanimaleasier.,9,BetterhygienicqualityAnexampleistheheattreatmenttoabove81CtokilloffSalmonella.(沙门氏菌)EliminationofunwantedcomponentsAnexampleistheheattreatmentofsoybeanstodestroytrypsininhibitors.(胰蛋白酶抑制剂)ImprovedtechnicalpropertiesAnexampleispelletingthatreducesvolumeandriskofseparationandimprovesflowability.,10,ImpactfactorsonFeedManufacturing,11,ChapterOneRawMaterialsReceivingandCleaning,12,LectureOne:
CharactersofRawMaterials,ThegrindingcomponentsThesematerialsincludedcereals,oilseeds,cakesandmeals,accountingfor70-80%oftotalrawmaterials,suchascorn,wheat,soybeanmeal(豆粕),rapeseedcake(菜籽饼),etc.Grainandanimalby-productsBy-productusedinfeedpantaremainlyrice-bran,wheat-bran,fishmeals,andsomeby-productfromslaughterhouse.InorganicMaterialsandVitaminsSuchascalciumcarbonate(CaCO3),sodiumchloride(NaCl),calciumphosphate(Ca3(PO4)2),VitaminA,D,E,KandBgroups.,13,LiquidsThecommonusedliquidmaterialsbyfeedplantsaremolasses(糖蜜)andfat.Exceptthat,aminoacid(氨基酸)andVitaminBgrouparealsoadoptedinliquidforms.MedicinesandAdditivesPreviously,antibioticswerewidelyacceptedbyfeedplants,butnowitwasprohibitedoverall.Otheradditives,suchasflavouring(香味剂),preservative(防腐剂)notcommonexistinfeedproduction.,14,PhysicalCharacterofRawMaterials,Flowability(散落性)Abilityofmaterialspreadaroundinthefreestate,similartotheliquidflowproperties.Fines:
10m2.0mmParticles:
2.0mmFrictionCoefficient(摩擦系数)Theratiooftheforcethatmaintainscontactbetweenanobjectandasurfaceandthefrictionalforcethatresiststhemotionoftheobject.Higherfrictioncoefficient,easierfeeddelivery.,15,Auto-segregation(自动分级)Duringtheprocessoftransportationandhandling,duetothedifferentofdensity,bulkandsurfacecharacteristics,particlessegregatefromtherestgroups.Auto-segregationresultinanegativeeffectonfeeddelivery.Commonly,particleswithhighbulkdensity“float”onthesurfacebutlightparticleseasilypileupthebottoms,whichcauseauto-segregation,especiallylongdistancetransmission.,16,DensityDensitydefinedinaqualitativemannerasthemeasureoftherelativeheavinessofobjectswithaconstantvolume.Thedensityisusedtodecidethestoragecapacityduringthedesignofthefeedplants.,17,Adsorbability(吸附性)Adsorption,whichisageneraltermintroducedbyJ.W.Mcbain,includesselectivetransfertothesurfaceand/orintothebulkofasolidorliquid.Infeedscience,adsorptionabilityreferstothecharacterofrawfeedmaterialsabsorbothersubstancetotheirsurface.Influencefactorsofadsorbability1、externalform(fine,particles)2、surfacecharacteristics(smooth,coarse),18,Hygroscopicity(吸湿性)Thepropertypossessedbyfeedparticlesofabsorbingordischargingmoistureaccordingtocircumstances,suchassodiumchloride(NaCl),sulphate(硫酸盐),cholinechloride(氯化胆碱,B),fishmeals,etc.Materialswithhighhygroscopicityexertthenegativeeffectonfeedproduction,bywhichcausemildew(霉变),agglomeration(结块),aswellasinfluencethefeedstorageandquality.,19,ThermalStabilityThermalstabilityindicatethepropertyofheatresistanceunderthermaltreatmentprocess.SomesubstancesuchasVitaminBgroupsandaminoacidsareeasilyoxidizedbyhightemperature.Thermaltreatmentcauseinactivationofsomeharmfulmatterssuchasantitrypsin(抗胰蛋白酶)insoybean,sinigrin(芥子甙)inrapeseedandeliminatemicrobes.,20,ToxicitySomesubstance,mainlymicroelementsandmedicines,havethepoisonouseffectondomesticanimals.Forexample,lead(铅),arsenic(砷)arethecrucialmineralsonanimalgrowthbutoverdosenotonlypoisontheanimalsbutalsocontaminatetheenvironment.,21,Staticelectricity(静电)Theitemthatrubsofftheouterlayeroftheatomcausesomeoftheextraelectrons,givingitaslightlynegativecharge.Thisbuilt-upelectricchargeiscalledasstaticelectricity.Thesparkcausedbystaticelectricityisoneofthemostdangeroussourcesduringthefeedproductionprocess,whichcouldbring“explosion”ofthefeedlot.,22,LectureTwo:
Receiving,Receivingincludesnotonlytheactualreceiptandplacementofingredientsbutalsothescheduling,weightverification,initialinspection,sampling,andqualitycontrolofeachingredient.Generally,thereceivingcapacityis3-5timesofproductioncapacitytomeettheprocesslinerunningstable.Theingredientsreceivedmaybegroupedasfollows:
、Unprocessedgrains、Softfeedingredients、Heavymaterials、Microingredients、Liquids,23,SolidIngredientsReceiving,Ingredientscarriedbybulktruckortrainsareweightedanddumpedintoreceivingpit(粮坑)tostorageforfurthertransfer.,24,、train、bulktruck、beltconveyor、bucketelevators、sieving、magneticselection、weighing、storage、screwconveyor,SolidIngredientsReceiving,25,LiquidIngredientReceiving,1、tanktruck2、receivingpump3、molassestank4、heatingsystem5、deliverypump,26,CharacteristicsofMolasses,pHis5.5HascorrosiveeffectonstoragetankwhenitcontainwaterToavoidoxidation,installingventilationsystemonthetopoftankHeatingsysteminsidetanktodecreaseitsviscosityHeatingtemperaturenomorethan48,27,CharacteristicsofFat,Havehighcorrosiveeffectonstoragetankduetotheoxidationprocesswhenwatercontentincreasefrom0.5to3%Thicknessoftanknotlessthan3mmBeforetransferring,heatingtemperatureis7580,28,LectureThree:
IngredientsCleaning,ObjectiveTheobjectiveofcleaningisnotonlytocleanouttheimpuritiesbutalsotoprotectmachines,whichiscausedbytheferricsubstanceblendinginthemassiveingredients.Requirement1、beforereceivingprocess,ingredientfromanimalorigin,mineralsandvitaminshavenoneedtoclean.2、massivematerialsandliquidingredients,suchasgrains,molassesandfatmustbecleanedbeforemovingintothefactory.,29,CleaningMethods,Screening(筛选)mud,sandandotherimpuritiessuchasstrawsarecarriedawaybysievesCleaningbynaturemagnetorelectromagnettoremoveimpuritiescontainingironCleaningbyDraftAspirating(吸风除尘)accordingtodifferentsuspendingcharacter,finesanddustsarepumpedoutfromingredientsbyairflow.,30,Screening(筛选),Accordingtodifferentparticlesizes,preselectionisconductedthroughdifferentsizesofparticlesintheparticulatematerialsandseparatedasminussieves(筛下物andplussieves(筛上物).MainApparatus1、Endlessscreenprecleaner(网带初清筛)2、Cylinderprecleaner(圆筒初清筛),31,EndlessScreenPrecleaner,1、Import原料进口2、Belt网带3、Settingchamber沉降室4、Exportofgranules原料出口5、Exportofimpurities杂质出口,32,Belt,Import,33,CylinderPrecleaner,granulesimport进料口Helix螺旋片Sievingchamber筛筒Electromotor电动机Conveyingsystem传动装置Screening筛片Supporting机架,34,35,MagneticSeparation,Magneticseparationprovideeffectivemeansremovingferrouschipsandmetalparticlesfromlooselypacked,freeflowingmaterialsthroughmagneticforce.Magneticseparationinstrumentscommonlyusedinfeedmillarepermanentmagneticseparatorandelectromagneticseparator.,36,Import(进料口)2.Cylinder(外筒)3.Magnet(磁铁)4.Gateofcylinder(外筒门)5.Export(出口)6.Encloser(外罩)7.8.Magnet,37,ElectromagneticSeparator,Magneticforcecausedbyelectricityseparateferrouschipsandmetalparticlesfromthemixture.Whenrawmaterialsenterbygravitywithinthematrixandastherotorrotates,theyareseparatedfromaferrouspartwhichisretainedinthematrices,andanon-ferrous,non-magnetizedpartbythemagneticfieldandpassesbetweenthem.,38,LectureFour:
FeedstockTransportation,Underthereceivinghopper,itisplacedaconveyorthatmaybescrewordragtype.Whentheingredienttobereceivedisgrainortheproductiseasytoflowallowingforlittlecontamination,thenascrewconveyorischosenf
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 双语 饲料 加工 工艺学