化学英语课件.ppt
- 文档编号:14746793
- 上传时间:2023-06-27
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:211
- 大小:1.43MB
化学英语课件.ppt
《化学英语课件.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《化学英语课件.ppt(211页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
科技英语科技英语(一一)本学期的内容:
本学期的内容:
1.1.作为定量科学和物质科学的化学作为定量科学和物质科学的化学(常用的单位常用的单位,数数学符号的读法)学符号的读法)2.2.原子、分子和离子(无机物名称,常用分子式、原子、分子和离子(无机物名称,常用分子式、化学方程式的读法)化学方程式的读法)3.3.气态气态4.4.常用无机化学术语常用无机化学术语5.5.化学反应和化学计算法,化学反应和化学计算法,6.6.热力学热力学7.7.常用物理化学术语常用物理化学术语序言课序言课作为定量科学和物质科学的化学作为定量科学和物质科学的化学ChemistryasQuantitativeScienceandaScienceofMatter一、一、UnitsofmeasurementandfundamentalconstantsCommonlyusedprefixesDecimallocation10610310-110-210-310-610-9Prefixmegakilodecicentimillimicronano1.SIbasephysicalquantitiesandunitsPhysicalUnitNameofUnitQuantityabbreviationLength(l)mInchmilemeterangstromInchmileMass(m)kgulbozkilogramAtomicmassunitpoundounceTime(t)sminhsecondminutehourElectriccurrent(I)AampereTemperature(T)KCFkelvincentigradeFahrenheitLuminousintensity(Iv)cdcandelaAmountofsubstance(n)molmole2.SIderivedphysicalquantitiesandunitsArea(A)m2squaremeterVolume(V)m3lcubicmeterliterDensity()kg/m3kilogrampercubicmeterPressure(P)PaatmmmHgpascalatmospheremillimeterofmercuryEnergy(E)JcaleVjoulecalorieelectronvoltFrequency()HzhertzElectricityquantity(Q)CcoulombElectromotiveforce(E)VvoltForce(F)Nnewton3.fundamentalconstantsSymboleFghkNARVmQuantityelementarychargeFaradaysconstantgravitationalaccelerationPlancksconstantBoltzmannsconstantAvogadrosnumbermolargasconstantgasmolarvolume三、三、SpeakingofcommonmathematicalsymbolsR:
R:
R1:
+:
-:
=:
RprimeRdoubleprime,RsecondprimeRsuboneplus,positiveminus,negativemultipliedby,timesdividedbyplusorminusisequalto,equalsisidenticallyequaltoisapproximatelyequalto():
ab:
ab:
ab:
lognX:
X2:
3xnxroundsbrackets,parenthesesquarebracketsbracesaismuchgreaterthanbaisgreaterthanorequaltobavariesdirectlyasblogXtothebasenXsquare,Xsquared,thesquareofXthecubicrootofxthenthrootofxXn:
X-8:
X:
X,X:
dx:
dy/dx:
themeanvalueofXXtonfactors,thenthpowerofX,XtothepowernXtotheminuseighthpowertheabsolutevalueofXthesumofthetermsindicated;summationoftheincrementofXdifferentialxthefirstderivativeofywithrespecttoxintegralX:
0.01:
6%:
3:
2:
3:
1/2:
2/3:
5/123:
438infinityOpointOone,pointzeroone,noughtpointnoughtone6percent3permilletheratiooftwotothreeahalf,onehalftwothirdsfiveoverahundredandtwenty-threeeightandthreeoverfourths,eightandthreequartersr=xd52=10x3/8=y2(a+b-cd)/e=fy=(Wt-W)/xrequalsxmultipliedbydfivetimestwoequalstenthethirdpowerofXdividedbyeightequalsysquaredaplusbminuscmultipliedbyd,alldividedbyeequalsfyequalsWsubtminusWoverxExercise四、四、AtomsandElementelementsymbols:
oneortwolettersabbreviationsderivedfromtheirmodernnames,orinsomecasesfromtheiroldLatinnames.substancewhichcannotbebrokendownchemicallyintosimplersubstances.puresubstancewithatomsallofasinglekind.elementS-blockElementIAH:
Li:
Na:
K:
Rb:
Cs:
Fr:
IIABe:
Mg:
Ca:
Sr:
Ba:
Ra:
HydrogenLithiumSodiumPotassiumRubidiumCesiumFranciumBerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadiumP-blockElementIIIAB:
Al:
Ga:
In:
Tl:
IVAC:
Si:
Ge:
Sn:
Pb:
VAN:
P:
As:
Sb:
Bi:
boronAluminiumGalliumIndiumThalliumCarbonSiliconGermaniumTinLeadNitrogenPhosphorusArsenicAntimonyBismuthP-blockElementVIAO:
S:
Se:
Te:
Po:
VIIAF:
Cl:
Br:
I:
At:
0He:
Ne:
Ar:
Kr:
Xe:
Rn:
OxygenSulfurSeleniumTelluriumPoloniumFluorineChlorineBromineIodineAstatineHeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadonCommonTransitionElememtFe:
Mn:
Cu:
Zn:
Hg:
Ag:
Au:
iron(ferrum)manganesecopper(cuprum)zincmercury(hydrargyrum)silver(argentum)gold(aurum)atomnucleus(centralcore)electron(negative)Proton(positive)neutron(uncharge)五、五、AtomicStructure:
FiveClassicExperimentscathoderays阴极射线阴极射线electron电子电子electricalPotential电动势电动势,电压,电压electrodes电极电极canalraysnucleinucleus的复数的复数radioactive放射性的放射性的foil金属薄片金属薄片isotopes同位素同位素第一课第一课原子、分子和离子原子、分子和离子Atoms,Molecules,andIons二、二、NamingofchemicalcompoundThenameofchemicalcompoundfollowsnamesofionsandisreadfromlefttoright.cationsanionsbinarymolecularcompounds:
prefixesareusedtoindicatedthenumberofatomsofeachelementpresent,suchasmono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-.cover1Nameofcationpart=thenameofelemente.g.CO:
carbonmonoxideAl2O3:
aluminiumoxideN2O4:
Dinitrogentetroxidemetalwithvariablevalency,nameofelement(Romannumeral)ornameofelement+ouslowervalency+ichighervalency。
e.g.FeO:
iron(II)oxideorferrousoxideFe2O3:
iron(III)oxideorferricoxideFe3O4:
ferriferrousoxideCu2O:
copper(I)oxideorcuprousoxideCuO:
copper(II)oxideorcupricoxide2.Nameofanionpart2.1binarycompoundmonatomicanion:
nameoftheelement+ide.e.g.,fluoride,chloride,bromide,iodide,oxide,sulfide,nitride,phosphide,carbide,hydrideTwopolyatomicanions:
OH-,hydroxide;CN-,cyanidee.g.:
NaF:
AlCl3:
Ag2S:
Fe(OH)2:
二。
2sodiumfluoridealuminiumchloridesilversulfideiron(II)hydroxideTheprefixesper-andsuper-meanmoreoxygene.g.,O22-peroxideO2-superoxideSomeusecommonname,e.g.,NOnitricoxideN2Onitrousoxide2.2nonmetalhydrideCommonname,e.g.,water,ammonia。
Forhalideandoxygenfamilyhydride,iswrittenintheleftoftheformula,andnamedascommonbinarycompounds。
e.g.,HF:
hydrogenfluorideHCl:
hydrogenchlorideH2S:
hydrogensulfideForotherfamilynonmetalhydride,iswrittenintherightoftheformula,addingsuffixane.Fornitrogenfamilysuffixinecouldalsobeadded.e.g.,PH3:
phosphine或phosphaneSiH4:
silane二。
22.4OxyacidsandtheiranionsOxyacidsandtheiranionswithvariablevalencyarenamedusingdifferentcombinationsofprefixesandsuffixes.高某酸per-ic正酸ic亚酸-ous次酸hypo-ous高某酸根per-ate正酸根ate亚酸根-ite次酸根hypo-ite其它的前缀还有ortho-正meta-偏thio-硫代e.g.,HClO4perchloricacidClO4-perchlorateionHClO3chloricacidClO3-chlorateionHClO2chlorousacidClO2-chloriteionHClOhypochlorousacidClO-hypochloriteionS2O32-thiosulfateion二。
22.5saltsNormalsalt:
FeSO4:
iron(II)sulfateKMnO4:
potassiumpermanganateAcidsalt:
NaHCO3:
sodiumhydrogencarbonatesodiumbicarbonateNaH2PO4:
sodiumdihydrogenphosphatebasicsalt:
Bi(OH)2NO3:
bismuthdihydroxynitrate二。
2Mixedsalt:
KNaCO3:
potassuimsodiumcarbonateNaNH4HPO4:
ammoniumsodiumhydrogenphosphateHydratesalt:
H2O,waterorhydrateAlCl36H2O:
aluminumchloride6-wateraluminumchloridehexahydrateAlK(SO4)212H2O:
aluminiumpotassiumsulphate12-waterExercises1.Writetheformulaforeachofthefollowingionsandcompound.mercury(II)ionbismuth(III)ionsodiumfluoridecopper(I)chlorideiron(III)oxidesulfurtertrachloridedinitrogenpentasulfide2.Givethenamesofthefollowingcompound.KNO3CuCL2Al2(SO4)3CaCO3Hg2+Bi3+NaFCuClFe2O3SCl4N2S5Patassiumnitratecopper(II)chlorideAluminumsulfateCalciumcarbonate二、二、SpeakingofcommonmolecularformulasNa2SO4:
SodiumsulphateN-a-two-S-O-fourMg(NO3)2:
MagnesiumnitrateM-g-N-O-three-taken-twice;M-g-pause-N-O-three-pause-twiceZn(NH3)42+:
Ca3(PO4)22H2O:
tetra-ammoniumzinccomplexcationZ-n-N-H-three-taken-fourthcomplexcationCalciumphosphatetwohydrateC-a-three-P-O-four-taken-twice-two-H-two-O三、三、SpeakingofcommonequationsP4+6Cl24PCl3OneP4moleculeplussixCl2moleculesyieldsfourmoleculesofPCl3.N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)Gaseousnitrogenreactswithgaseoushydrogenat400Cand250atminthepresenceofFeOasacatalysttoproducegaseousammonia.CO32-+Ca2+CaCO3acarbonateanionwithavalencyoftwoplusacalciumcationwithavalencyoftwoproduceacalciumcarbonateprecipitate.400C,250atm,FeO:
give,yield,produce,form,become:
evolvedasagas,giveoffagas:
isprecipitated,givesXprecipitate:
reactsreversibly2cationpartCO:
Al2O3:
N2O4:
mono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-carbonmonoxidealuminiumoxidedinitrogentetroxidemetalwithvariablevalency,FeO:
Fe2O3:
Fe3O4:
iron(II)oxideorferrousoxideiron(III)oxideorferricoxideferriferrousoxide3.AnionpartNaF:
AlCl3:
Ag2S:
Fe(OH)2:
sodiumfluoridealuminiumchloridesilversulfideiron(II)hydroxideO22-:
O2-:
peroxidesuperoxideNO:
N2O:
nitricoxidenitrousoxide5.nonmetalhydrideHF:
HCl:
H2S:
PH3:
SiH4:
hydrogenfluoridehydrogenchloridehydrogensulfidephosphine或phosphanesilane6.AcidHCl:
H2S:
hydrochloricacidhydrosufuricacidHClO4:
HClO3:
HClO2:
HClO:
ClO4-ClO3-ClO2-ClO-perchloricacidchloricacidchlorousacidhypochlorousacidperchlorateionchlorateionchloriteionhypochloriteionNaCl(s)Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)solidsodiumchloride;sodiumioninaqueoussolution;chlorideioninaqueoussolution.HCl(g)H+(aq)+Cl-(aq)hydrogenchloride;hydrochloricacidH2OH2O课后作业课后作业Howtodescribetheneutralizationofastrongacidwithaweakbase?
eg.HCl(aq)+NH4OH(aq)NH4Cl(aq)+H2O(l)Thisreactionillustratesaneutralizationofastrongacidwithaweakbase.Similarlyinthecaseofmostweakbasestheoverwhelmingmajorityofmoleculesarepresentinsolutioninthemolecularformratherthanasions.Sowewritethetotalionicandnetionicequationsbywritingthebaseinmolecularform.Thusthesetwoequationsfortheabovereactionareshownasfollows.Totalionic:
H+(aq)+CL-(aq)+NH4OHNH4+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+H2O(l)Netionic:
H+(aq)+NH4OHNH4+(aq)+H2O(l)HowtoSpeaktheequations?
1.HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)hydrochloricacidplussodiumhydroxideinaqueoussolutionyieldssodiumchlorideplusliquidwater.2.2HNO3(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Ca(NO3)2(aq)+2H2O(l)twonitricacidmoleculesreactwithonecalciumhydroxidemoleculeinaqueoussolutionproduceonecalciumnitratemoleculeandtwoliquidwatermolecules.3.HClO(aq)+LiOH(aq)LiClO(aq)+H2O(l)hypochlorousacid,lithiumhydroxideinaqueoussolution,lithiumhypochlorite.化学反应和化学计算法化学反应和化学计算法ChemicalReactionsandStoichiometry第二课第二课2.1Chemicalreactions1.ConservationofmassandenergyEnergycanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,andmattercanneitherbecreatednordestroyed.e.g.12BaO2(s)2BaO(s)+O2(g)bariumperoxidebariumoxideoxygen(2mol)(169.3g/mol)(2mol)(153.3g/mol)(1mol)(32.0g/mol)338.6g=306.8g+32.0gThetotalmassofthereactantsmustequalthetotalmassoftheproducts.Foreachelement,thenumberofatomsinthereactantsisthesameasthenumberin
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 化学 英语 课件