国家开放大学《人文英语3》章节测试参考答案.docx
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国家开放大学《人文英语3》章节测试参考答案.docx
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国家开放大学《人文英语3》章节测试参考答案
Unit1ParentingChildren
会话演练
听张华和Mary谈论家庭成员。
ZhangHuapaysavisittoMary'shome,andgetstoknowherfamily.
ZhangHua:
Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?
Mary:
Thereare(four),myhusband,mydaughter,mysonandme.
ZhangHua:
Doyouhavemuchexperiencewithkids?
Mary:
Yes,Ido.Ihave(two)kids.Totellyouthetruth,sometimesIregrethavingababysoearly.
ZhangHua:
Iunderstand.I'vebeeninyour(position)before.Atthattimemywifetookcareofourchildren(alone),andI(seldom)stayedathomeduetobeingverybusywithwork.
Mary:
Whataboutyourmother?
Didshehelpyou?
ZhangHua:
Yes,shedidalittle.Butyousee,youcan'tdependonyourmothertobeafull-timebabysitter.
Mary:
(Sometime)IwishIcouldlookaftermychildrenfulltime.
ZhangHua:
Don'tworry.Soonyourchildrenwillbeoldenoughtoattendkindergarten.Thenyoucanfindajobandwork.Besides,it'sagreatfeelingtowatchyourkidsgrowingup,right?
Mary:
Yeah,indeed.
ZhangHua:
Bytheway,howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?
Mary:
Aboutfouryearsnow,andyou?
ZhangHua:
I'vebeenmarriedforabout(five)years.Howdoyoufeelaboutmarriagelife?
Mary:
Notbad.Ithinkitwasagood(choice)tomarryTom.
边学边练
理解细节,判断准确信息,Mary的有利条件是什么
A.Nowshehasanewjobandworkshard.
B.Shehastwochildren.
C.Hermotherdidalottohelphertakecareofthechildren.
D.Sheissatisfiedwithherfour-yearmarriage.
E.Shelovesherkids,butsheregretshavingbabiessoearly.
F.Shetakescareofherchildrenallthetime.
G.Shehaslessexperiencewithkids.
会话演练
听汤姆和妻子玛丽讨论如何教给孩子正确的行为方式。
TomandhiswifeManyaretalkingabouthowtoteachtheirkidsgoodbehavior.
Mary:
Idon'twantyoutobeworried,(butoursonhaspickedupsomebadhabits)Hesaysaggressiveandupsettingworseveryday.
Tom:
Whatwords?
Couldyougivemesomeexamples?
Mary:
Hesays“kickmommy”,“beatmommy”,“don'twantmommy”veryquicklyifIdosomethingthathedoesn'tlike.
Tom:
Honey,I(don'tknowwhattotellyou.)Ofcourse,Tonyisayoungchild.Butdonotunderestimatehisabilitytolearnandreason.
Mary:
Yes,butsometimeshejustisn'tresponsible.
Tom:
Isuggestyoutreathimwithpatience,affectionandrespect.Ifheneedstodosomething,likegoingtobed,orgettingwashed,etc.,pleaseguideorhelphimtogetitdonewithgentleness.
Mary:
(It'seasiersaidthandone)butIwilltry.
Tom:
TrymotivateTonytocooperatebyrewardhisgoodbehavior.Donotalwayspunishhim(forlittlethingslikebadmoods,etc.).
Mary:
Iknow.Sometimespunishmentjustdoesn'twork,andinsteadofbehavingbetterhepicksupanotherbadhabit.
Tom:
That'strue.Don'tworry,darling.(I'mrightbehindyou.)
Mary:
Thanks,darling.Iloveyou.
Tom:
Iloveyou,too.
边学边练
听文中对话,根据对话内容完成笔记
Mary:
Oursonhas(pickedup)somebadhabits.
Tom:
AlthoughTonyisayoungchild,hehastheabilityto(learnandreason)
Mary:
Sometimesheevenaskedmetodosome(unreasonable)things.
Tom:
TomsuggeststhattheytreatTonywithpatience,(affection)andrespect.
Mary:
Punishmentdoesn'talwayswork,andinsteadhepicksupanother(badhabit)
Tom:
You'dbetternotalwayspunishhimforlittlethingslike(badmoods),etc.
短文听读
阅读理解,选词填空,完成第一自然段大意。
FamiliesHavingFewerChildrenNowadays
Mostcoupleswhogetmarriedordecidetolivetogethergenerallyplantohavechildren.Severalyearsago,havingbigfamilieswascommonandpeoplethoughtofthisasanadvantage.Thatwasmainlybecausechildrenbeganworkingatanearlyagetohelpprovideforthefamily.Butwiththechangingtimesandwiththecostoflivinggettinghighereverysingleyear,havingabigfamilyisnolongerconsideredapracticaloption.Infact,moreandmorecoupleschoosetohaveonlyonechildandsomedonothaveanydesiretobecomeparentsatall.
Indeed,thetrendofhavingfewerchildrenstartedafewdecadesago.AccordingtotheAustralianInstituteofFamilyStudies,by1986,womenaged40to44years,wereconsiderablymorelikelytohavegivenbirthtotwochildrenthanthreechildren(36%vs.27%)orfourormorechildren(19%).However,takentogether,womenwerestillmorelikelytohavehadthreeormorechildrenthantohavehadtwochildren(46%vs.36%).
Twodecadesago,womenweremorelikelytohavehadtwochildrenthanthreeormorechildren—atrendthatwasmostmarkedinthemostrecentperiod(38%vs.25%in1996;38%vs.22%in2006).Nowadays,mostfamiliesinAustraliahavetwochildren.Butthenumberofwomenwhohadgivenbirthtoasinglechildincreasedprogressivelyfromonly8%in1981to13%in2006,anditshouldbeevenbiggernowadays.
TheU.S.CensusBureaustatesthatthereareapproximately14milliononlychildreninAmericatoday.Thiscomprises20%ofthechildren'spopulationcomparedtoonly10%aroundfiftyyearsago.
Ifacouplegetmarried,theywillprobablydecidetohave(children).Peopleoncethoughtofabigfamilyasa(n)(advantage),becausechildrencouldhelpto(support)thefamilywhentheybegantowork.Withtimepassingby,dueto(highercostofliving),havingabigfamilyisn'tagood(choice)anymore.Morecoupleprefertohaveone(child),andsomeevenwanta(n)(DINK)family.
边学边练
根据短文内容以及图标描述生育孩子的趋势变化。
1.Thisgraphshowstherehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofcouples(whohavethreeormorechildren)(生三个或更多孩子).
2.Ifthistrendcontinues,coupleswillhave(fewerchildren)(更少的孩子)
3.Proportionofcoupleswithtwochildren(remainedsteady)(保持稳定)from1986to2006.
4.Fromthegraph,wecanseethatthenumberofwomenwiththreeormorechildren(decreaseddramatically)(明显减少)in1996comparedwiththatin1986.
5.Wecaninferthatthenumberofwomenwithasinglechildwill(goup)(将会增长)
短文听读
阅读短文,判断正误。
1.Asaparent,youmayknowthatparentingisaneasyjob. (×)
2.Listeningtoeachotherisagoodwaytostopargumentbetweenparentsandtheirkids.(√)
3.Usuallyyoungerkidsbehavelessresponsiblythanelderchildren.(√)
4.Parentsshouldlowertheirexpectationfortheirkids. (√)
5.Bothyellingandwhisperingcanhelpmakethingsquieter.(×)
边学边练
将下列句子译成汉语。
1.Whenyou'remanagingchildren,itcanbedifficulttorememberthattheyarestilllearning。
当你管教孩子时,很容易忘记他们仍处在学习阶段。
2.Oneofyourbiggeststrugglesistoremindyourselfofappropriateexpectations.
你最大的一个纠结就是提醒自己对孩子要有合理的期望。
3.Itgivesbothofyoutimetothinkandreallylistentoeachother,whichisimportant.
给双方时间去思考和认真倾听对方的心声,这是非常重要的。
4.Besides,themoretimeyouspendwithyourkids,thebetteryou'llgetatcommunicatingwiththem.
除此之外,你陪伴孩子的时间越长,你就越能更好地和他们沟通。
5.Youcan'texpectthatyouryoungestactsasresponsiblyasyouroldest.
你不应该期望你最小的孩子能和最大的孩子一样做事认真负责。
写作训练
我们先来看一个示例,学习一下道歉信的写作结构。
ASchoolAbsenceExcuseLetter
December14,2014
NancyHill
Ms.ShirleyHudson
(RiverDaleElementarySchool)
FRiverDale,IL566077
DearMs.ShirleyHudson,
I,NancyHill,amthemotherofNick(whostudiesinClass2ofGrade5.)IrequestyoutoexcusehimfornotattendingschoolonJuly12,2014andJuly13,2014,ashewasadvisedstrictbedrestbyourdoctor,Dr.Carter,afterahighfever.Ihavealreadygatheredthelessonsandhomeworkcoveredinthetwodaysthat(hemissed),andhisnotesareuptodate.Also,attachedforyourreferenceisthedoctor'scertificate.
(Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeforanyquestions)thatyoumayhaveregardingthismatter.
Thankyou.
5,
NancyHill
Nick'smother
将下列句子正确排序,组成一份请假说明。
A.Iwillbegladtoprovideyouwithanymoreinformationthatyoumayrequireregardingthematter.
B.Attachedisamedicalcertificatefrommyfamilydoctor,Dr.Smith.
C.DearMr.JamesBush,
D.Sincerely,
E.PleaseconsiderthisletterasanofficialnotificationthatIwasonleaveonMay12,2015andMay14,2015,onaccountofhighfeverandsevereinfluenza.
F.Thankyou.
G.SelinaLee
H.IassureyouIwillmakeupfortheworkthatIhavemissedoutonthetwodays.
Thecorrectorderis:
①C②E③B④A⑤H⑥F⑦D⑧G
Unit2ElderlyCare
会话演练
听张华和薇薇安聊她在老年之家关爱中心的状况。
ZhangHuavisitsVivian,aneighty-year-oldlady,inanElderlyHomeCareCenter.
Nowheistalkingwithher.
ZhangHua:
Hello,Vivian.
Vivian:
Himyboy,it'sgoodtoseeyou.
ZhangHua:
Mypleasure.Now,Vivian,doyoumindmeaskinghowoldyouare?
Vivian:
Iturned(80)yearsoldonNovember3rd,(2014)
ZhangHua:
Wow!
80!
Whatdoesitfeelliketobe80?
Vivian:
It'salittleinconvenientbecausemy(mind)didn'tturn80butmy(body)did,andIfindthatsometimesmymindfollowsmybodytoo!
Nowit'shardtobeasquickasIusedtobe.Ican'tdowhatIusedtodowhenIwas(yonger).
ZhangHua:
Oh,that'sabit(disappointing)andprobablyalittlefrustrating,too.
Vivian:
Veryfrustrating!
Veryfrustrating!
Sometimesittakesme(two)daystogeteverythingaccomplished.
ZhangHua:
Well,arethereanyadvantages?
Canyougiveussomehope?
Vivian:
Yes!
Yes!
Thereishope.Youhavereachedan(age),andyouunderstandwhereyouhavebeen.Youlookbackandyou'regladtobepartofthatlife.Youbegintounderstandthechangesthataretakingplace(around)you.Butyoudon'tcometothatrealizationuntilyoubecomeold.
ZhangHua:
Well,thatdoesn't(sound)sobad.Bytheway,howdoyoulikethecaregiverhere?
Vivian:
Ilikethosewhoknowmeverywellandrespectme.Ipreferthosewhoknowmydailyhabitsandmylikesanddislikes.
ZhangHua:
Good.Ihopeyouenjoystayinghere.Nicetalkingwithyou.Takecare.
Vivian:
Thanks.Iwill.
边学边练
根据对话,判断老年人的优势有哪些?
A.Nowit'shardtobeasquickasyouusedtobe
B.It'salittleinconvenient.
C.Youunderstandthechangesaroundyou.
D.Youcan'tdowhatyouusedto.
E.You'regladtobepartofthelife.
F.Youunderstandwhereyouhavebeen
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