北京天坛的英文导游词.docx
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北京天坛的英文导游词.docx
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北京天坛的英文导游词
北京天坛的英文导游词
北京天坛地处原北京外城的东南部,故宫正南偏东,正阳门外东侧,那么大家知道怎么向外国游客介绍天坛吗以下是北京天坛的英文导游词,欢迎阅览!
ladiesandgentlemen:
welcometothetempleofheaven.(afterself-introduction)preservedculturalheritagesofchina.therearebasicallytwokindsofvisitorswhocomehere:
localpensionerswhodoexerciseshereinthemorningandeveningandsightseersbothfromhomeandabroad.allinall,thereare12millionvisitorsveryyear.nowwearegoingtogoalongtheroutethatleadstothealter.itwilltakeroughlyonehour.mindyou,theemperoralsowalkedalongthisroutetopaytributetothegodofheaven.
thelargestgroupofarchitecturesevertobededicatedtoheaven,thetempleofheavenservedasanexclusivealtarforchinesemonarchsduringthemingandqingdynasties.itwasdecreedthatrulersofsuccessivedynastieswouldplacealtarsintheirowncapitalstoworshipheavenandprayforgoodharvest.butwhy
theancientchinesebelievedthatheavenwasthesupremeruleroftheuniverseandthefateofmankind,andthusworshipingritesdedicatedtoheavencameintobeing.
theheaventheancientchinesereferredtowasactuallytheuniverse,ornature.inthosedays,therewerespecficritesofworship.thiswasespeciallytrueduringthemingandqingdynastieswhenelaborateceremonieswereheld.
thetempleofheavenwasbuiltin1420duringthereignofemperoryoungleofthemingdynasty.situatedinthesouthernpartofthecity,thisgrandsetofstructurescoversanareaof273hectares.tobettersymbolizeheavenandearth,thenorthernpartofthetempleiscircularwhilethesouthernpartissquare.thewholecompoundisenclosedbytwowalls,asquarewalloutsidearoundone.theouterareaischaracterizedbysuburbanscenery,whiletheinnerpartisusedforsacrifices.theinnerenclosureconsistsofthehallofprayerforgoodharvestandthecircularmoundaltar.
thecircularmoundaltarisenclosedbytwowalls,eachcontainingfourgroupsofsouthernlatticestargate,eachinturnconsistingofthreedoors,with24marbledoorsaltogether.standingonthepassagefacingnorth,youwillnoticethatwitheachpairofdoorsonisnarrowerthantheother.thisreflectsthefeudalhierarchy:
thewiderdoorwasreservedformonarchs,whilethenarroweronewasusedbycourtiers.
onthedayoftheceremony,theemperorwoulddonhisritualcostumeandbeusheredinbytheofficialinchargeofreligiousaffairs.heascendedthethreeterracesintheforefronttopaytributeatthealter.
wearenowonthetopterraceofthealtar,orthethirdterrace.eachterracehasaflightof9steps.atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9steps.atthecenterofthisterraceliesaroundstonesurroundedby9concentricringsofstone.thenumberofstonesinthefirstringis9,inthesecond,18,upto81inthe9thring.eventhenumberofcarvedbalustradesontheseterracesisamultipleeof9.butwhy
accordingtoancientchinesephilosophy,yinandyangweretwoopposingfactors.heavenandtheoddnumbersbelongedtoyangwhiletheearthandevennumbersbelongedtoyin.ninewasthelargestheavenlynumberaccessibletoman.whatismore,theancientpeoplealsobelievedthatheavenconsistedofninelayersandthattheemperor`sabodewasontheuppermosttier.
oncemorelookattheroundstoneinthecenter.theupperterraceisninezhang(achineseunitoflength,onezhangequalsmeters)incircumference,whilethemiddleis15zhang,thelower,21zhang.classifiedasyangnumbers,thesumofthesenumeralsis45zhangwhichwasmeanttosymbolizedsuccess.whatismore,byapplyingtheconceptofoddnumbersandstrengtheningnineanditsmultiples,theconceptofheavenwasthusillustratedandrealized.theconceptofninewillalsobementionedwhenwevisitsomeotherbuildings.
nowiwillgiveyouabriefaccountofwhathappenedhereannuallyontheintersolstice.thememorialtabletdedicatedtoheavenwouldbesetuponthenorthsideoftheterrace,whiletabletsdedicatedtotheemperor`sancestorswouldbeenshrinedontheflanks.theservicewouldbeginaround4o`clockinthemorning.allofthelanternswouldbelit.intheforeground,asacrificialcalfisbeingbarbecued.onthesquareinfrontofthealtar,theemperor,underheavyescortofnearlyathousandcourtiers,princesofroyalblood,musicians,dancersanduniformedsoldiers,wouldslowlyascendthealtartooffersacrificeandprayinhonorofheaven.whentheservicedrewtoaclose,thesacrificeofferedinfrontofthememorialtabletswouldbeincinerated.allofparticipantswouldwatchthethicksmokeriseupwardasiftheywereseeinggodoff.musicanddancingwouldfollow.intheend,theemperorwouldreturntotheforbiddencitysecureinthebeliefthathewouldbeblessedandprotectedbyheavenuntilthenextwintersolstice.
itisinterestingtonotethat,thestoneintheverymiddleofthealtarwasofmajorimportance,sinceitwaswheretheemperorusedtostandtosayhisprayer.thestone,whichisknownasthegod`sheartstone,ispeculiarinthatitischaracterizedbyaspecificacousticphenomenon:
itmadetheemperor`svoiceclearerandlouder,thusaddingtothemysticatmosphereoftheservice.youcantrythisoutbyyourself.(proceednorthwardtopassthroughthelatticestargate)
thisstructureisknownasheaven`sstorehouse.itisenteredthroughthegateofglazedtiles.theroofing,beams,andbracketsareallmadeofglazedtilesorbricks.thisistheonlystructureofitskindinchinatoday.
theheaven`sstorehousewaswherememorialtabletsdedicatedtothegodswerekept.douglashurd,aformerbritishforeighsecretary,oncesaid,“godattendstohisaffairsonthecir4cularmoundaltarbutstayshere.”nowlet`sgointotoseeit(gothroughtheleftsidedoor)
(inthecourtyardofheaven`sstorehouse)thisistheimperialvaultofheaven,themainstructureofheaven`sstorehouse.itwasbuiltin1530andis17metersinheightand19metersindiameter.thestructurefeatureblueroofstoppedbyagildedball,andcarvedwoodendoorsandwindows.itisdecoratedwithcoloredpaintings.foundedona3-meter-hignroundmarbleterrace,thebuildingalsofeaturesagiganticcarvedmarbleramplaidinthestonestaircaseleadinguptothefrontentrance..therampiscarvedin“twodragonsplayingwithapearl”designinrelief.wewillenterthemainhallbygoingupthestonestaircaseontheeasternside.
thearchofthehallisbuttressedby16giantpillarsontworings.ontopofthepillarstherearegiltbracketssupportingacircularcaisson,orcoveredceiling.theceilingischaracterizedbyagoldencoilingdragondesign.the8pillaroftheinnerringarepaintedscarletanddecoratedwithgoldenlotuses.
tothenorthofthehallthereisamarblepedestal.atopit,upawoodenflightof9steps,iswherethemajortabletdedicatetoheavenwasenshrined.oneachflankfourtabletsareenshrinedinhonoroftheancestorsoftheqingemperors.intheannexhallinhornoroftheancestorsoftheqingemperors.intheannexhallsinthecourtyard,therearetabletsdedicatedtothedeitiesofthesun,moon,constellation,cloud,rain,windandthunder.
asidefromexquisitelylaidoutarchitectures,heaven`sstorehouseisalsofamousfortwostructureswithpeculiaracousticfeatures,i.e.theechowallandthetriple-soundstone.amerewhisperatanypointclosetothewallcanbeheardclearlyontheotherside,althoughthepartiesmaybe40or50metersapart.thisispossiblebecausethewallisroundandhermeticallyconstructedwithsmooth,solidbricks.
infrontofthestepsleadingawayfromthehallsisthetriplesoundstone.ifyoustandonthefirststoneandcalloutorclapyourhands,thesoundwillechoonce;onthesecondstone,thesoundwillbeheardtwice;andonthethirdstone,thesoundwillrepeatthreetimes.hencethename.(gooutthroughtherightdoorandstrollalongthecircularpathnorthward)
thetempleofheavenisalsofamousforitscypresstrees-therearemorethan60,000cypresstreesinall,amongwhichover4,000aremorethanonehundredyearsold,addingtothesolemnatmosphereofthetemple.thistallcypresswasplantedmorethan500yearsago.itsthickbranchesandtwistingtrunkresemblingninecoilingplayfuldragons;thusitisknownasthenine-dragoncypress.itissaidthatthistreewasheretowelcomethemonarchs.nowitisheretowelcomevisitorfromallovertheworld.
nowwearebackagainonthecentralaxis.thisbrick-archedgateisknownaschengzhen(adoptingfidelity).thisgateisthenortherngateofthecircularmoundaltarandthehallofprayerforgoodharvest.thehallofprayerforgoodharvestissituatedattheextremeendoftheaxis.itwasusedbytheemperorinthefirstmonthofeverylunaryearforservicesdedicatedtogoodharvest.
enteringthehallofprayerforgoodharvest,wesetfootonaraisedpassage360meterslong,whichtheemperoralsotooktoproceedtothehall.thisbroadnorth-southwalkway,calleddanbiqiao(redstairwaybridge),connectsthetwosetsofmainbuildinginthetempleofheavenandconstitutesasingleaxis.
thepassageisdividedintoleft,controlandrightpathsbythecrossarrangementofslabs.thecentralandthewidestpathisknownasheavenlythoroughfare,whichwasreservedexclusivelyforgod;nobody,includingtheemperor,wasallowedtosetfootontoit.theemperorusedthepathontheeast,whichisknownastheimperialwalk.theministersandprincesusedtheoneonthewest.interestingenough,thereisnowalkwayleftforordinarypeople.thisisbecausethetempleofheavenusedtobeoff-limitstoth
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