最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选附答案50.docx
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最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选附答案50.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解精选附答案50
最新高考英语阅读理解精选附答案50
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhisneighbors'home.HeandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhouseinAllentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdoorisonfire!
"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical(歇斯底里的)ontheirporch.
"Thebaby'sinthere!
"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman'sgranddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.TheothertwoontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.
Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.Thethicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibletobreathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(慢性阻塞性肺疾病),theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelastpersonwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding---hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstophim.
Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."WhereisTiara?
"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.
Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer,"Well,Lord,thisisit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,hewentinasecondtime.
Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefoundthestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.Hewasalreadyoutofbreath.
"Babygirl,whereareyou?
"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthesmokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.①.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossedhismind:
I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.
Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.②Herbodywaslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatoftheflamesonhischeeks.Turning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintotheblackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradownontheporch.
③.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'deverdoneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefromTiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveonefinalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.
④.Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou."Soonafter,histhroatclosedoff.
Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohiswindpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawasreleasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelpsopenhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgiveitasecondthought."
(1)MichaelSurrellrantosave"thebaby"mainlybecause______.
A.hewasonthescenecasually
B.hewasdrivenbyinstinct
C.hisdaughterwasindanger
D.hisownhousewasatrisk
(2)WhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?
A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.
B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.
C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.
D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.
(3)Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell______.
A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmoke
B.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmoke
C.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytrouble
D.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebaby
(4)Whichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged"bebestputin?
A.①
B.②
C.③
D.④
(5)Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat______..
A.Surrellcamebacktolifeaweeklater
B.Tiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeks
C.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreserious
D.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication
(6)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.BreatheforHer
B.Struggletosurvive
C.Asmallpricetopay
D.Amanwithlungdisease
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)A
(5)C
(6)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩,因此造成他肺部疾病加重,但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside.”虽然已经给消防队打电话了,但当时64岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去,可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使,这里instinctively本能地是instinct的副词形式,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(慢性阻塞性肺疾病),theywerelife-threatening”但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说,当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的,所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人,故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后,他退到外面喘口气,可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人,期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
第一个空前“Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburningwood.”他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声,选项A“Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemerged”然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音,句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句,空格后一句“Stillunabletosee”还是看不见,承接选项A“一个微弱但清晰的声音”,可以判断听到声音但还是看不见人,故选A。
(5)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition.”大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病,可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了,故选C。
(6)考查主旨大意。
根据倒数第三段中的“Avoicetoldhim,‘Youhavetobreatheforher.’HestartedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.”可知,Surrell给女孩做人工呼吸,女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了,人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧,呼吸非常重要,用breatheforher做主题引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.(2019•浙江)阅读理解
Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).
Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
(1)Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.
B. TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.
C. ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.
D. TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.
(2)Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?
A. Ecologicalstudiesofforests.
B. Banningwoodcutting.
C. Limitinghousingdevelopment.
D. Firecontrolmeasures.
(3)WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?
A. Inadequatesnowmelt.
B. Alongerdryseason.
C. Awarmerclimate.
D. Dampnessoftheair.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. California'sForests:
WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?
B. CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.
C. WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?
D. PatrickMclntyre:
GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探讨出现这一现象的原因。
(1)段落大意题。
第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句,意思是:
在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。
所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。
(2)细节理解题。
题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。
根据第三段描述:
伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。
控制野火的初衷是保护森林,但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。
故答案为D。
(3)细节理解题。
将watershortage 定位在第五段,而Mclntyre在最后一段,根据 thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知,导致水源紧张的是上升的温度,造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。
故答案为C。
(4)主旨大意题。
文章的第一句是本文的主题句,文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开,对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。
故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章,文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。
阅读是紧扣主旨,快速浏览文章内容。
答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位,然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
3.阅读理解
Whenaratherdirty,poorlydre
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