高一英语主谓一致及练习.docx
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高一英语主谓一致及练习.docx
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高一英语主谓一致及练习
Agreement主谓一致
一、名词作主语
1)某些集体名词如family,audience,group,team,army等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看,谓语用单数;如果视为一个个的成员用复数。
Myfamilyisabigfamily.
Myfamilyarefondofpopmusic.
*Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.
*ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.
Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.
Theaudiencewasenormous.观众人很多。
Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.
*Thisgroupishavingameeting.
*Ourgrouparereadingthenewspapers.
*Class1isbetterthanotherclasses.
*Class1areunabletoagreeupontheplan.
*Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.
*Thearmyhaverescued(救)thetravelers.
这类词还有public,club,committee(委员会),company(一群人),crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party等。
*Thepublicconsistsofyouandme.公众也包含了你和我。
*Thepublicaretiredofdemonstrations.公众厌烦了游行。
*Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.委员会一月开两次会。
*Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.委员们意见有分歧。
2)某些集体名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。
*Thepolicearesearchingfortherobbers.
*Cattlefeedongrass.
*Thepoultryarebeingfed.家禽正在吃食。
3)equipment,furniture,machinery(总称机械),merchandise(商品,货物),jewellery(jewelry),clothing等词是集合名词,习惯上被看作单数,后接单数谓语动词.
*Newmachineryhasbeenintroducedinthefactory.
*AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.
*Alotofjewellerywasstoleninthatshoplastnight.
*FoodhereischeaperthanBritain’s;clothing,ontheotherhand,______dearer.(is)
*Themerchandisehasarrivedundamaged.
4)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
这类名词有means,works,species(种类),Chinese,Japanese等。
当它们的前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时,谓语用单数;前有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数。
*Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.
*Everypossiblemeanshasbeentriedtofindhiswhereabouts.
*Allpossiblemeanshavebeentriedtofindhiswhereabouts.
*Asteelworksisbeingbuiltnow.
*Thecollected/completeworksofShakespearearesoldatthisbookshop.
5)名词所有格之后的名词被省略,指工厂、住宅时,作主语,动词一般用单数。
Myuncle’sisnotfarfromhere.
常见的省略名词有thebaker’s,thebarber’s,theZhang’s等。
表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。
Richardson’shavealotofo1dgoodstosell.
6)以“s”结尾的书刊名、科目名、国名、组织名通常看作单数,后接单数谓语动词;但表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“s”结尾的专有名词通常看作复数。
*“ArabianNights”isaninterestingbook.
*PoliticsisoneofthesubjectsIstudy.
注意:
指学科成绩时,用复数
*Whatareyourpolictics?
(你的政见如何?
)
*Hismathematicsareweak.他的数学(成绩)很差.
Statisticsisabranchofmathematics.统计学是数学的一个分支
*Thesestatisticsshowthatexportsarestilllow.这些统计数字说明出口仍然不旺。
*TheUnitedStatesisinthewesternhemisphere(半球).
*TheUnitedNationsplaysanimportantpartinkeeping/maintainingworldpeace.
*ThePhilippinesareinthePacificOcean.
*TheAlps(阿尔卑斯山脉)areinEurope。
*TheHimalayasarethehighestmountainsintheworld.
*NiagaraFalls(指一个整体单位)comprises/consistsof/ismadeupofthreedistinctcataracts(大瀑布).ThetallestaretheAmericanandBridalVeilfallsontheAmericanside,separatedbytinyLunaIsland.TheHorseshoeFallswhichcurvetheirwayovertoCanadaareprobablythemostimpressive.Thefallsaresaidtobethemostbeautifulinwinterwhenthegroundsarecoveredinsnowandthewatersturntoice.
7)anumberof+可数名词复数,+复数谓语,意为“许多”,“一些”
thenumberof+可数名词复数+单数谓语,意为“数量”
*Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.许多有关这门学科的书已经出版.
*Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.有关这门学科的书出版的数量简直惊人。
avarietyof/atotalof/aproportion(比例)of,amajority(大多数)of+复数谓语,
thevarietyof/thetotalof/aproportion(比例)of,themajorityof+单数谓语,
Agreatvarietyofflowerswereshownthere.那里展出了很多品种的花。
*Thereisagreatdealofvarietyinthisjob.这项工作有很大的多样性。
*Alargeproportionofthetextsareoriginalworks课文中很大一部分是原著。
*Alargeproportionofthecountryisdesert.这个国家的很大一部分是沙漠。
*Themajorityofstudentsareinfavourofhisproposal.多数学生都赞成他的建议
*Themajorityisforhim.过半数的人是赞成他的。
8)thepopulation+单数谓语;
分数/百分数/mostof+population+复数谓语
Thepopulationofourtownisbiggerthanthatoftheirtown,butmostofthepopulationinourtown___arefarmers.
*Whatisthepopulationofthistown?
*1%ofthepopulationinthistownareworkers.
9)物质名词一般为不可数名词,但有时其前可加不定冠词表示“一种”、“一阵”、“一份”等。
*It’sawell-knowntea.这是一种好茶.
*Letmehaveacoffee.→Letushavetwocoffees.给我一杯咖啡.
*Pleasebringmeasoup.请给我一份汤.
*astrongwind一阵强风,aheavyrain一场大雨
*I’mverythirsty.Pleasebringme______(C)
A.teaB.acupofteasC.twoteasD.teas
*Thepotatoisavegetable,not______(A)
A.afruitB.fruitC.fruitsD.pieceoffruit
10)物质名词有时可以复数形式出现,表示不同意义。
*water水waters不同种类的水体(海水、河水、湖水、海域)
*sand沙子sands沙滩、沙洲、大片沙地
*snow雪snows积雪
*paper纸papers各种不同种类的纸;报纸、试卷、论文
*Weusedtoplay______whenwewereyoung.(D)
A.inthesandB.inthesandsC.onthesandD.onthesands
11)有些不可数名词同时又可以充当可数名词,意义不同(抽象名词具体化,表示具体的事物).
light光alight灯
surprise惊讶asurprise令人惊奇的事
pleasure快乐/乐趣apleasure乐事
success成功asuccess成功的人或事
failure失败afailure失败的人或事
honour荣誉anhonour一种光荣
difficulty困难difficulties难事、难题
shame羞耻、耻辱ashame可耻的事/遗憾的事
pity怜悯、同情apity遗憾的事、可惜的事
*Oh,John.________yougaveus!
(C)
A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise
C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasant
*Ilikereading.Itis______tome.(D)
A.happyB.delightC.pleasureD.apleasure
*Theconcertwas______becauseonlyafewpeopleattendedit.(C)
A.failureB.successC.afailureD.asuccess
*Thisbookisfullof________.(C)
A.difficultyB.difficultC.difficultiesD.adifficulty
12)如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍遵守“语法一致”原则,用单数形式。
*Morethanonestudenthasseentheplay.
*Morethanonegamewaslost.
*Manyaboyhasboughtthatkindoftoy.
*Manyamanhasdonehisduty.
Nowadaysmanyapersonwantstogoabroad.
但是,“more十复数名词十thanone”结构之后,谓语用复数。
*Morecakesthanonewereconsumedattheparty.
13)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时(复数形式),谓语通常用复数形式。
glasses,clothes,trousers,shorts,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors,scales(天平)
Thetrousersaretoolong.
Thatpairoftrousersistoolong.
*Thescaleshangeven.天平平衡着;势均力敌).
*Herclothes______nearlywornout.(A)
A.areB.wereC.isD.was
但是用apairof来修饰的的结构谓语动词要随pair的单、复数变化
*Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.
*Thispairoftrousers______toolongforme.Pleaseshowmeanother.
A.areB.wereC.isD.was(C)
*Thesepairsofglasses______allmadeinFrance.(B)
A.isB.areC.wasD.have
14)kindof,typeof,formof结构的谓语单、复数由kind,type,form的单、复数而定。
*There______akindoftreeinourgardenwhichflowersonceineverytwoyears.(A)
A.isB.areC.hasD.hasbeen
*Somenewtypesofbus______onshow.(B)
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
*Thiskindofcomputers______veryexpensive.(B)
A.areB.isC.wereD.havebeen
*Thiskindofapplesishighlypriced.
*Thattypeofmenisdangerous.
thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数
但:
booksofthiskindsellwell.
thiskindofmen意思和menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人)一样,但是thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,但menofthiskind和thesekindsofmen的谓语用复数,a11kindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。
如:
*Thiskindofmenisdangerous.
*Menofthiskind/sortaredangerous.
二、数词作主语
(1)为表示度量、距离、金额/价格、时间、等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数。
*Thirtyyearshaspassed.
*Fortyfeetislongenough.
*Fiveminutesisenoughtofinishthetask.
*Tenminutesseemsanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
*Fivethousanddollarsisalargesum.
*Twentydollarsiswhatheneeds.
*Twoandtenistwelve.
(2)两数相减或相除,动词用单数,两数想加或相乘,动词可用单数也可复数
*Fortyminusfifteenleavestwenty-five.
*Fortydividedbyeightisfive.
*Fivetimes/eightis/are/makes/makeforty.Twentymultipliedbyfiveis/arefour.
(3)表示数量的oneandahalf后的名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
*Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.
Oneandahalfappleshasbeeneatenbytheboy
(4)halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,
halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。
*Halfoftheyearhaspassed.
*Half(of)ourworkisdone.
*Half(of)thebooksarenovels.
(补充:
Pleasecutitinhalf/intohalves.)
*TheearlypartofherlifewasspentinParis.
*(A)Partofthedelegateshavearrived.部分代表已经到达.
三、
(1)分数、百分数+of+名词及alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aheap(一堆)of,heapsof,loadsof+名词构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词要视of后的该名词中心词而定.
*Twothirdsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.
*Oversixtypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.
*70%ofthepeoplepresentareteachers.
*Lotsofpeoplearewaitingoutside.
*Lotsofdamagewascausedbyflood.
*Lotsoffoodisgoingtowaste.
*Loadsofmilkhasbeendistributedamongthechildren.
(2)注意alargequantityof和quantitiesof用法
alargequantityof+[C](复数)+复数谓语
alargequantityof+[U]+单数谓语
quantitiesof+[C](复数)/[U]+复数谓语动词
*Alargequantityofpeopleareneededhere.
*Agreat/large/goodquantityofbeerwasconsumedatthefestival.
*Quantitiesoffoodwerestillonthetable.
Quantitiesofwaterareneededinthisearthquake-strickenare.
*Quantitiesofnutswerestillonthetable.
补充:
inquantityinlarge/smallquantities大量地
*Thebakerbuysflourinquantity.
*Itisoftenlessexpensivetobuygoodsinquantity.
*Hebuysthingsinlargequantities.
*Wedon’tsellcoalinsmallquantities.
agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;
*Agreatofmoneywasspentonbooksinhisfamily.
*Alargeamountofdamagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.
largeamountsof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
*Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.
四、代词做主语
(1)不定代词each,every,no,manya所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如:
*Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary.
*Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasbeenthere.
*DuringtheSecondWordWall,everyman,womanandeverychildintha
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