美国黑人的社会地位变迁.docx
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美国黑人的社会地位变迁.docx
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美国黑人的社会地位变迁
英语专业毕业论文
美国黑人的社会地位变化
Abstract
TheUnitedStatesisatypicalamufti-ethnic,mufti-nationalitycountry,itbroughttogetherpeoplefromallovertheworld.ThepeopleofallethnicgroupsintheUnitedStatesandsocialorganizationhasmadeitsowncontribution.However,theAmericangovernmentdoesnotmakeeverypeopleenjoythefree,thedemocraticandtheequalrights.Untilnowtheracialdiscriminationisstillinexistence.Shoutingforhumanrightsinoursociety,itisnecessaryforustohaveain-depthunderstandingofracialdiscriminationproblemsintheUS.Nowweshouldimprovethepolitical,economicandculturalaspectsofthesystem.Itcanachievetheeliminationofracialdiscrimination,sothateachnation,eachracehaveequalrights.
TheAmericanblacksisbyEuropeansettlerstosurvivetothedescendantsofAfricanslaveintheUnitedStates,alsoknownasAfricanAmerican.Theblackpeopleplayanimportantroleinthehistory.Thesocialstatusisalwaysbeingconcerned.TheDeclarationofIndependence,theBostonTeaPartyandIhaveadreamrepresentthechangeofsocialstatus.Thispapertriestostudytheblackpeoplesocialinthehistoryduringdifferenthistoricalperiods.Therearesomereasonssuchasculture,politic,economyandtheblackpeoplethemselves.Weshouldimprovetheblackpeoplelivingstandard.
Keywords:
slavery;AfricanAmerican;socialstatus
摘要
美国是一个典型的多种族多人民国家,它汇集了来自世界各地的人们。
在美国的各族人民和社会组织做出了自己的贡献。
然而,美国政府不会让每个人喜欢自由,民主,平等的权利。
直到现在,种族歧视仍然存在。
在我们的社会高喊人权,我们有必要深入了解在美国的种族歧视问题。
现在我们应该改善的政治、经济和文化方面的系统。
它可以达到消除种族歧视,因此每个国家,每个种族有平等的权利。
所谓美国黑人,是历史上被欧洲殖民者劫运到美国的非洲黑人奴隶的后裔,又称非洲裔美国人。
属尼格罗人种。
其中2/3为黑白混血种人。
通用英语。
美国黑人在历史上起过重要作用,他们积极参加美国独立战争和反法西斯战争,屡立战功。
对发展美国的经济文化也作出了很大贡献,我们在今天要对其的历史地位有充分的认识。
美国黑人是欧洲移民从非洲运送来的黑人奴隶的后代,也叫做非裔美国人。
美国黑人在历史上扮演着重要的角色,他们的社会地位一直受到很大的的关注。
《独立宣言》的发表,波士顿倾茶事件,我有一个梦想的发表证明着几代人对黑人地位的提高的不懈努力。
有许多原因导致了这个结果的发生,我们必须致力于提高黑人的生存条件。
关键词:
奴隶制;美国黑人;社会地位
CONTENTS
Introduction
African-AmericansarepersonsfromAmericawhoaremembersofaraceofpeoplewhohavedarkskin,originallyfromAfrica.TheyweretransportedtotheUnitedStatesbyEuropeancolonizersandcalledAfrican,Negro,Colored,andBlackinhistory.TheoriginalroleoftheAfricanAmericansinAmericansocietyisAfricanslaves.Thoughtheylivedinpooraccommodationsandlackedadequatefood,theymadeaverypositivecontributiontoAmericansocietyinhistory.
InNovember4,2008AmericanDemocraticpresidentialcandidateBarackObamawontheelection,waselectedthefifty-sixthpresidentofAmerican.HiselectionmadehimAmericanhistorythefirstplaceAfricaAmericanpresident,somepeoplethinkthathiselectionhasthesenseofmileposttypeforUSAblackpoliticalroad,hiselectionisthebesttoreflectchangesinUSAblacksocialstatus.InAmericanallracialandethnicgroups,blackisoneofthemostspecialgroups.
InAmericanallracialandethnicgroups,blackisoneofthemostspecialgroups.Thespecialisnottosaythattheyenjoyspecialrights,orhasaspecialpolitical,economicandsocialstatus,buttheyhaveaspecialexperience:
morethan200yearsofslaveryandmorethanonehundredyearsofapartheid.Untilnow,mostofthemarestillexcludedfromtheAmericanmainstreamsociety,manyofthemstillhavedifficultyintheheartthatfeelAmericaistheirrealhomes.Inafewhundredyearsstrugglehistory,asamemberoftheUSA,theirsocialpositionisacceptedbythewhiteculturedominatedAmericansociety.Americangovernmentmusteliminatediscriminationbyenhancingthesocialcivilizationandimprovementofgovernmenttowardblackpeople.
Weliveinaso-calledprogressivesocietywherewehavetremendousadvantagesthanMarcoPolo,ChristopherColumbus,andLewisandClarkeverhad.Gonearethedaysofhorseandbuggiesclimbingovermountains,caravanstrekkingalongsilkroads,andshipsembarkingonmaidenvoyagestounknownlands.Wehavemoderntechnology.Itaffordsustherareopportunitytoreachoutandjustabouttaptheshouldersofourneighborslivingontheothersideoftheworld.Airandseatravel,globalpositioningofsatellites,theInternet,textmessaging,andmobilephones,arejustafewmethodsweusetoembracetherestofhumanitydespiteoursocial,economic,andculturaldifferences.Beholdthewonders!
DiscriminationintheUnitedStatesistheworldoneofthemostseriouscountries,especiallyforblackracialdiscriminationisdeeplyrooted,andpenetratedintoeveryaspectofsociallife.AmericanblacksintheUnitedStatesintheethnicsocialstatusatthebottom,alwayscan'tgetawayfromtheshacklesofpoverty.AlthoughtheUnitedStateshasbeenclaimedthatallmenarecreatedequal,humanrights,however,thegoalofequalifnotequaltotheprotectionandsecurity,therestoftheonlyequalityslogan.Onlyinthisway,USApolicy,governmentcantrulyachievetherespectforhumanrights.
ChapterOneTheHistoryofAmericanBlack
InthehistoryofAmericanblacksisbyEuropeansettlerstosurvivetothedescendantsofAfricanslavesintheUnitedStates,alsoknownasAfricanAmericans,two-thirdsofmixedblackandwhite.BlackisthemaincolorintheUnitedStates,behindthewhitepopulation,accountsforabout12%ofthepopulation.AfricanAmericanhistorycanbetracedbacktothe16thcenturyAmericaintotheEuropeancolonialperiod.16~19century,EuropeansettlerswiththelargenumberofblackslavesfromAfricatotheAmericas,morethanhalfofthemintotodayintheUnitedStates,mainlyinthesouthernstatestotoil,exploitationandabusebywhiteracists.1861-1865yearsafterthecivilwar,slaveryhadbeenabolished,butblacksstillracialdiscriminationandoppression,blackAmericansinthepolitical,economic,andotheraspectsaredifficulttoenjoythesametreatmentasthewhite.Theyhadalong-termstruggle.
.ThehistoryofAmericanBlacks
AfricanAmericanhistorycanbetracedbacktothe16thcenturywhenAmericabecameintotheEuropeancolonialperiod.
Duringthe16~19century,EuropeansettlersfromAfrica(mainlyinwestAfrica,CongoandAngola)withthelargenumberofblackslavestotheAmericas,morethanhalfofthemintotodayintheUnitedStates,mainlyinthesouthernstatesofCotton,sugarcaneplantingfieldandminewhenthedrudgery,bywhiteracistscruelexploitationandabuse.WiththedevelopmentofAmericanindustry,southernblackshavemovedtothenorthandnorthwestofthecity.In1861~1865yearsafterthecivilwar,althoughlegallyabolishedslavery,butblacksstillracialdiscriminationandoppression,3Kpartyviolenceseriouslythreatenedthelifesafetyofblacks.
BlackHistoryMonthintheUSisimportantinitsrecognitionofAfrican-AmericanachievementsintheUSsince1492.
AlthoughitiscrucialthatweknowthehistoryintheUnitedStatesandtheAmericansduringslaveryisuptothepresentdate.WewerenotcreatedduringslaverynordidwespringoutoftheAtlanticwithoutahistory,cultureorheritage.OurhistorybeganinAfricatensofthousandsofyearsbeforetheIceAge.Infact,ithasbeenfoundthatby100,000BCto70,000BC,AfricansintheSeemlierRiverValleyofCongo(Zaire)werecreatingsophisticatedtoolsofstoneandbone.IntheBomb’sCavesofSouthAfrica,thefirstevidenceofetchingswasfoundonablockofredocherdatedabout70,000to100,000yearsold.Inthatsamecave,thefirstevidenceofjewelrywasfoundtobeover50,000yearsold.
Attheseperiods,Africanswereundertakingsomeofthemostimportantjourneysinhistorybylandandbysea.ManyvoyagedtotheMiddleEast,India,CentralAsia,Melanesia,Australia,andEastAsiaandlateronbyabout30,000BC,somemadeittotheAmericasthroughtheAsiarouteandthroughtheAtlanticroute.TheevidenceforapossibleseajourneyofAfricanstotheAmericasisbasedontwofactsofancientAfricanhistory.
Oneisthepresenceofaprehistoricmaritimecultureinthepresent-day'dry'Saharawhichwas'wet'andfilledwithagiganticinlandseaabout30,000yearsago.ThesecondisthefactthattheAfrican/Blackculturesthatexistedinthelandedregionsofthe'wet'lake-filledSaharamigratedtoIndia,theAmericas,SEAsia,Japan,MelanesiaandAustraliaasearlyas100,000BCtoasrecentlyas2000BC.
Infact,AfricanBlackpeoplesinPapua,India,Melanesia,(see,"TheBlackUntouchablesofIndia,"byVTBrashear)haveadmittedthattheirancestorsoriginatedinAfricaandsettledAsiaasthefirsthumansthereheearliestbeginningsofBlackcivilizationbegannotinEgyptorNubianbutintheDarfurRegionofSudan.ThisregioncontainedsomeoftheearliestevidenceofsettledhumancommunitiesonearthandwaspartofaprehistoricSaharacivilizationcalledtheAquaticCivilization.TheAquaticcivilizationwasthefirstonearthtoproducevariousartsandcrafts,shipbuildingofpapyrusandmanyculturaltraitslaterfoundinEgyptincludingMummyfrication.
AstheSaharadriedout,anumberofAfricanpeoplespeakingthemendingsuperlanguagebeganmigratingtoEgypt,CentralandSouthernAfrica,theAmericas,India,Mesopotamia,theIndianOceanIslands,China,Australia.Thesemigrationsoccurredlateroninhumanhistorybetween30,000BCand2,000BCwhenAfricanculturewaswellestablishedandwasbeingspreadoutfromAfricatootherpartsoftheworld.
ThecivilizationsproducedbytheMotherCivilizationoftheSaharacontinuedtoexistaftertheSaharadriedandturnedtodesert.ThisculturereestablisheditselfintheSaharaCrescentwheretheplateauwashigherandmorehospitablefortheflourishingofculture.(See'SaharaCrescent,"ClydeWinterswritings).
Theblackpopulationisabout20million.Theirancestorswere
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