XX届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2.docx
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XX届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2.docx
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XX届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2
XX届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2
类别
学习要求
词汇
n.地震_______;井_______;管,导管_______;事件;大事________;民族;国家________;运河;水道_________;蒸汽;水汽_______;废墟;毁灭_______;苦难;痛苦________;砖块_______;水坝______;轨道;足迹________;电;电流________;灾难________;矿山;矿井______;矿工_______;掩蔽;避身处_______;标题;头衔________;记者_____;损失;损害_______;祝贺;贺词________;要点;大纲;轮廓_______;报刊的大字标题_______;骑自行车的人________;
v.爆裂;爆发_______;损害;伤害________;破坏;毁坏_______;(使)震惊______;援救;营救_______;使陷入困境______;埋葬;掩埋_______;使惊吓;吓唬______;断定;裁判;判决____:
表示;表达______;
adj.极度的_______;无用的;无效的_______;受惊的;受恐吓的_______;令人恐惧的_______;
adv.真诚地;真挚地_________
短语
立刻;马上_______;仿佛;好像_________破败不堪;严重受损__________;掘出;发现_________结束;终结________许多;大量的________
语法
定语从句(由that,which,who,whose引导的定语从句)
.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
2.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.
3.ItwasheardinBeijing,whichisonehundredkilometersaway.
4.workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.
功能
l.Talkingaboutpastexperiences
Itwasterriblewhen…Itseemedasif...Nolongerafterthat…
2.Expressingthanks
Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksto...who…
Here,Iwishtoexpressmythanksforthegreatefforts…
本单元XX高考命题趋向分析:
.injure,damage,destroy,hurt.ruin的意义区别与用法特点,不但是平时测试的重点,也是高考的重要考点其中hurt用于喻意,ruin及damage用作名词时的接触搭配beinruins和dodamageto/doharmto等将是命题的切入点。
XX年北京卷对ruin的用法进行了考查,XX年考生在复习备考中要重视以上词的辨析和hurt等词的特殊意义
2.honour,success,surprise,failure等抽象名词用作可数名词时的用法在往年中已经考查过,对于它们的考查往往和冠词放在一起进行。
考生应该多注意中西方文化的差异,inhonourof与anhonour等;另外abigsurprise,abigsuccess等用法高考题曾经考过XX江苏卷和福建卷都对success为可数名词的用法进行了考查;XX年考生应该多重视此类词的这种用法。
3.近似词rise,arise及raise的辨析,学生要牢固掌握,尤其rise和raise的用法辨析,arise灵活词义都会是XX年命题的重点。
4.thenumberof与anumberof接名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数选择可以作为主谓语一致性进行考察,考生只要掌握它们的用法,就不难突破。
5.数词、代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数是高考命题点,比如分数、百分数或all,most,what引导的主语从句,往往和主谓语一致性考查,仅几年考的不多,但XX年考生要重视
6.定语从句一致是高考的热点和重要考点,XX届考生要全力一赴地复习好这项语法,尤其注意that.which的用法区分。
as,which的辨析,whose定语形式的变化,way.situation,case等特殊先行词的关系词选择
.
rise和rise,raise的区别;
2.
ruin,damage,destroy三个词汇的用法及区别;
3.
injure/harm/wound/hurt之区别;
4.
部分否定的用法总结;
5.
which引导的非限制性定语从句的活用。
.—Howabout
christmaseveningparty?
(XX福建卷)
—Ishouldsayitwas
success.
A.a;a
B.the;a
c.a;不填
D.the;不填
2.wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat_____XXBeijingolympicGameswillbe_____success.(XX江苏卷)
A./…a
B.the…/
c.the…a
D.a…a
3.mikedidn’tplayfootballyesterdaybecausehehad____hisleg.
A.damaged
B.hurt
c.hit
D.struck
1.risevi上升,升起;上涨;起身,起床
常见短语:
risetoone'sfeet站起来;givesb.arise给某人涨工资;getarise得到加薪;ontherise在上涨;增长
rise
vi.(rose,risen)1)(太阳、月亮等)上升;升起2)(物价等)上涨
3)(人等)起身;起床
raise
vt.举起;提出;饲养;抚养;种植;筹款
arise
vi.(arose.arisen)出现;起因于;发生
arousevt.激起;引起(感情、态度)
即学活用:
)He'susedto________earlyinthemorning.
2)Thepriceoftomatoeshasbeen__________recently.
3)Emotionalormentalproblemscan________fromaphysicalcause.
4)Herstrangebehaviour_________oursuspicions.
2.ruinn.废墟;遗迹;毁灭;vt.(使)毁灭;(使)堕落
常见短语:
ruinone'shealth/fame/plan/hopes段坏某人的健康/名誉/计划/希望等;inruins成为废墟;ruinoneself毁掉自己
即学活用:
)Thehurricane___________allthehouseshere.
2)youwillruinyourfutureifyoucontinue.
__________________________________.
3.Injurevt/vi.伤害;损害
常用派生:
injury
n.伤害;损害;injuredadj.受伤的
辨析:
injure
hurt
harm
wound
injure多指由于意外或事故而使身体受到“伤害”
e.g.
Hegotinjuredwhileplayinghockey.
hurt尤指心灵上和感情上的“伤害”,也可用于表示“(肉体上的)伤害”
e.g.
Hewasratherhurtbytheircriticism.
harm往往用于表示对生物或抽象事物的“伤害,损害”;常用词组:
doharmto
e.g.
Thecourtcasewilldoseriousharmtomybusiness.
wound多指战争当中受伤,也指由刀、枪、剑等导致的受伤
e.g.
Hisfatherwaswoundedinthebattle.
即学活用:
)Shefelt_________atyourwords.
2)Toomuchworkdidgreat_________tohim,soheisstillinpoorheahh.
3)mikedidn'tplayfootballyesterdaybecausehehad____hisleg.
A.damaged
B.hurt
c.hit
D.struck
4.uselessadj.无用的;无益的;无效的
e.g.It'suselessworryingaboutit.
用法拓展:
It'suseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.
It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.
词汇拓展:
usefuladj.有用的;有益的usefulness,n.有用usedadj.用过的;二手的
5.burstv.&n.爆裂;爆发
常用词组:
burstin闯人;burstoutdoing突然……起来burstinto+宾语,意思是闯入;突然……起来
e.g.Thebagwassofullthatitburstopen.
Hearingthenews,alltheboysburstoutlaughing/burstintolaughter.
6.gjveout用完;耗尽
辨析:
useup
runoutof
giveout
runout
useup和runoutof及物动词用法,接宾语,有被动;giveout和runout不及物动词用法,不接宾语,无被动,物作主语。
giveout强调贮存物、供应品、耐心、力气等耗尽;giveout还有及物动词用法:
分发;发出(气味、热);宣布等
e.g.
)Afteramonththeirfoodsuppliesgaveout.
2)Theteachergaveouttheexampapers.
3)Theradiatorgivesoutalotofheat.
4)Theradiohasjustgivenoutthefootballresults.
即学活用:
whatshallweuseforpowerwhenalltheoilintheworldhas____?
A.givenout
B.putout
c.heldup
D.usedup
7.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all,both,every,everyone,everybody,everything+名词和not迮用,是部分否定;其完全否定形式是:
no,one,none,nobody,nothing,not…any,neither,no+名词。
)
Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,
butIdon'tagreewith____.
A.everything
B.anythingc.somethingD.nothing
2)
wecouldn'teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus.
A.all;no
B.any;no
c.none;anyD.noone;any
专题:
定语从句
【基础过关】
由that,which,who,whose关系代词引导的定语从句用法用法简述如下。
、that指人亦可指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,宾语可以省略;
Thegirlthatwascryingjustnowismybestfriend.刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
2、which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,宾语可以省略;
chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
3、who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,宾语可以省略;
Themanwhowashereyesterdayisapainter.
昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。
(who作主语)
ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.
我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
(who作宾语,亦可省略)
4、whose是属格,指人也可指物,在定语从句中作定语
Iliveinaroom=facesouth.
我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
【点拨】辨析that,which;who,that
相同点:
都可以指物
不同点:
如下
、在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句
(1)当先行词是不定代词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,,anything,nothing,everything等时。
(2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,thefew,theonly修饰时。
(3)当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等词修饰时
(4)当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时。
(5)当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句时。
(6)当引导词在从句中作表语时
2、在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句
(1)介词后;
(2)非限定性定语从句。
相同点:
都可以指人,在句中作主语
不同点:
如下
指人时,在下列情况下一般选用who:
(1)当先行词为those,one,anyone,nobody等不定代词时。
例如:
TheonewhoknowsmewellisTom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。
(2)在分隔型定语从句中,若先行词代指人。
如:
AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
有位新老师明天来教你们德语
(3)先行词为therebe结构的主语时例如:
Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.有个人想见你
【高考典题】
.(05,北京春)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____wevisitedthreemonthsago?
A.where
B.when
c.that
D.what
【答案】c。
考查关系词选择
【点拨】由句意判断“wevisitedthreemonthsago”为定语从句,修饰thechickenfarm,关联词使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于从句的句子结构,这里visited后需要的是定语,所以选用c.如果此项是which也可以
2.—whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?
A.whototurnto
B.shecanturnto
c.forwhomtoturn
D.forhertoturn
【答案】B。
本题考查定语从句和turntosb。
【点拨】由于所填的答案为nooneelse的定语从句,因此排除A、D两项。
又因为turntosb.为固定习语,意为“求助于某人,”由此排除c项选出B项。
B项省略了作宾语的关系代词whom/that。
3.manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.
A.inwhich
B.bywhich
c.which
D.that
【答案】A。
考查介词提前关系词选择
【点拨】分析句子结构,按照翻译法确定“peoplewereeatenbythetiger”是定语从句,先行词thescenes在定语从句中作地点状语,此时“inwhich=where”
【实战演练】
.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(XX上海卷)
A.which
B.that
c.where
D.it
2.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.(XX安徽卷)
A.noneofthem
B.bothofthem
c.noneofwhom
D.neitherofwhom
3.weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy(XX北京卷)
A.that
B.which
c.what
D.whom
4.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,___________canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(XX湖南卷)
A.who
B.which
c.what
D.that
5.(08福建卷)31.Bynineo’clock,alltheolympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofmountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.
A.ofwhich
B.onwhich
c.fromwhich
D.abovewhich
6.(08湖南卷)31.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.
A.
mostofthem
B.mostofwhich
c.mostofwhat
D.mostofthat
7.(08江苏卷)24.TheSciencemuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.
A.which
B.what
c.that
D.where
8.(09天津)11.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.who
B.whom
c.whose
D.whoever
9.(09北京)3.—whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
A.where
B.which
c.when
D.that
0.(09安徽)2.manychildren,
parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
A.their
B.whose
c.ofthem
D.withwhom
一.用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空
burstout;congratulation;judgefrom;disaster;damage
.Thestormdidn’tdomuch_________.
2.Losingyourjobdoesn'thavetobesucha_________.
3.Thelittlegirl____________________cryingwhenshesawhermother.
4.___________
_____________previousexperience,hewillbelate.
5."wearegettingmarried!
…“___________!
”
二.请用本单元所学单词或短语的适当形式填空
.The________(电)beingsuddenlyoff,wehadtostopourheateddiscussion.
2.Theywereeventuallyr_________byhelicopter.
3.Afterthebigearthquake,thewholecitywasleft_________________
四.单项选择
.
Thegiantpanda,"Huamei"fromagroupof23______inthewolongcenter,isoneyearandfourmonthsold,_____46kg.
A.risen;weighing
B.raises;weighs
c.raised;weighing
D.raising;weighed
2.
It'sno________arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.
A.use
B.help
.
c.time
D.way
3.
___________fortheworstinadvanceandyouwon'tbedisappointed.
A.Prepare
B.whenpreparing
c.Havingprepared
D.Ifyouprepared
4.
Thepartylastnightwas_____greatsuccess.
wesanganddanceduntilitcameto______endat12:
00.
A.a;an
B.the;an
c.a;the
D./;the
5.
---Anythingnewintoday'spaper?
---lt's_____thatthePrimeministerwillpayasecondvisittotheUSAnextweek.
A.takenout
B.givenout
c.madeout
D.broughtout
6.Thecarranintoacrowdofmiddleschoolstudents,________tohospitalimmediatel
A.twoof
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