从物称与人称角度探讨英汉翻译策略.docx
- 文档编号:10376677
- 上传时间:2023-05-25
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:32.45KB
从物称与人称角度探讨英汉翻译策略.docx
《从物称与人称角度探讨英汉翻译策略.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《从物称与人称角度探讨英汉翻译策略.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
从物称与人称角度探讨英汉翻译策略
OnE-CTranslationStrategiesfromthe
DistinctionsinImpersonalandPersonalSubjects
Abstract:
WhetheratranslatorisawareofthefactthatemphasisonimpersonalandpersonalsubjectsinEnglishandChinesecharacterizesthetwolanguagesbasicallydecidesthequalityoftranslation.Hence,ascientificanalysisofthedistinctionsbetweenimpersonalandpersonalsubjectsiscrucial.Thispapermainlydealswiththehistoricalreasonsforthedistinctions,thecomparisonofimpersonalandpersonalsubjects,andEnglishtoChinesetranslationstrategies,forthesakeofabetterinspectionofthedifferentmodesofthinkingandrecognition,andabetterguidancetopracticaltranslation.
Keywords:
impersonal;personal;subject;translation
Contents
Abstract(English)(I)
1Introduction
(1)
2LiteratureReview
(1)
3HistoricalReasonsforEmphasisonImpersonalSubjectinEnglishandonPersonalSubjectinChinese
(2)
4ComparisonofDistinctionsBetweenImpersonalandPersonalSubjects(5)
5TranslationStrategiesforTranslatingEnglishintoChinese(7)
5.1FiveMajorCategoriesofImpersonalSubjects(7)
5.1.1SentenceswithAbstractorInanimateSubjects(7)
5.1.2SentenceswithImpersonalPronounIt(8)
5.1.3SentenceswithPassiveVoice(9)
5.1.4SentenceswithThereBe(9)
5.1.5SentenceswithPossessiveCase(9)
5.2E-CTranslationStrategies(10)
5.2.1ChangingObjectintoSubject(10)
5.2.1.1Subject+Predicate+Object+ObjectComplement(10)
5.2.1.2Subject+Predicate+Preposition+PrepositionalObject(11)
5.2.1.3Subject+Predicate+Object(12)
5.2.1.4Subject+LinkVerb+Predicative+PrepositionalObject(12)
5.2.2TranslatingSentenceswithPronounItActingasSubject(12)
5.2.2.1PreparatoryIt(12)
5.2.2.2UnspecifiedIt(13)
5.2.2.3EmphaticIt(13)
5.2.3TranslatingSentenceswithPassiveVoice(13)
5.2.4TranslatingSentenceStructureThereBe(14)
5.2.5PossessiveCase+Noun/Gerund(14)
6Conclusion(15)
References(15)
Abstract(Chinese)(17)
1Introduction
Translationisamajorvehicleforcross-culturalcommunication.Speakingoftranslation,impersonalandpersonalsubjectsarenotsupposedtobeoverlooked.ImpersonalsubjectisfrequentlyusedinEnglish,whichpresentsobjectsorideasobjectively.Onthecontrary,Chinesetendtodescribehumanbeingsandtheiractionsorstatementsfromtheirownperspectiveswhentheywanttoshowsomething,whichiscalledpersonalexpression.Abetterunderstandingofimpersonalandpersonalsubjectsisofconsiderablesignificanceintranslationandtransculturalcommunication.
ItisnocoincidencethatimpersonalsubjectisusedinEnglishandthatpersonalsubjectisusedinChinese.Language,especiallythefeaturesoflinguisticconstruction,isinfluencedanddeterminedbymodeofthinking.
Still,modeofthinkingbridgescultureandlanguage.Ononehand,modeofthinkingiscloselyrelatedtoculture,whichisepitomeofculturalandpsychologicalfeaturesandrestrictsthegenerationofcultureandpsychologyinturn.Differentmodesofthinkingprimarilycausedifferentcultures.Ontheotherhand,modeofthinkingisintimatelylinkedwithlanguage,whichistheinmostmechanismoflinguisticgenerationanddevelopmentandacceleratestheformationanddevelopmentofthinkingmode.
Therefore,itisacceptedthat,forthepurposeofstudyingalanguage,studyingtheimplicitculturethatdistinguishesthelanguagecomesfirst.Tobeprecise,itequalstostudyingthethinkingmode,whichinfluencesandrestrictstheformation,developmentandstructuralstyleofagivenlanguage,andimplicitculturesuchasvalues,enjoyspriority.
2LiteratureReview
IntheWest,agreatmanyscholarsandprofessorshavestudiedandarestudyingtherelationshipbetweenthinkingmodeandlinguisticconstruction.WilhelmvonHumboldtisoneofthem.Heputforwardthatlanguageisakindofworldview.Languageiscreatedfrommankind’sexperiences.Andtheyconfinedthemselvesintheirownlanguagewiththeexperiences.Alinguisticfenceiserectedallaroundthenation.Onlywhenthenativesofthenationsurmountthecribcantheydivorcethemselvesfromtherestrictionofthebarrier[1].SapirandWhorfcarriedonanddevelopedHumboldt’stheory,andthenbroughtforwardthewell-knownSapir-WhorfHypothesis.Basically,theysuggestedthatlanguageisnotjustanexpressionandindicationofthought,butalsoamodewhichformsthought[2].WilhelmWundt,aGermanpsychologist,believedthatthementalfeaturesofacertainnationcanbearevelationofitsvocabularyandgrammar.Inotherwords,thinkinginfluencesanddeterminestheapplicationofalanguagetoalargeextent,anddifferentmodesofthinkingleadtothedifferencesinlinguisticconstruction[3],thesamewithNida’sviewthat“Eachlanguagehasitsowngenius”[4].
Domestically,SunXianan(2000)pointedoutthatadistinctethnicbrandisironedonanation’shistoryandhabitats,withsocialevolution,geographicalenvironment,naturalconditions,economiclife,andmentalmechanismincluded,andthatthebrand,deeplyengravedinlanguagesystems,turnedintoatypicalcharacteristicofthenationallanguage[5].QianMu,amasteronstudiesofancientChineseculture,consideredthatChineseculturecentersonhumanityandonlife,whichisteemedwithculturalawarenessandhumanisticspirit.Chineseculture,byitsnature,issubordinatetohumanisticculture[6].WangListressedthatsubjectisrequiredineachsentenceingrammarsofWesternlanguages.Anditisanexceptionwithoutasubject,whichiscalledellipsis.Conversely,itisausualcasethatsubjectisomittedaslongastheagentordoerisdefinitelyobviousinChinesegrammar[7].Withoutusingpersonalsubject,impersonalsubjectisoftenusedinEnglishtopresentsomethingoranideaobjectively,asDr.LianShunengstressed[8].
3HistoricalReasonsforEmphasisonImpersonalSubjectinEnglishandonPersonalSubjectinChinese
Thethinkingmodeofacertainnationgraduallyformedundertheconstantinfluenceofgeography,philosophicalbackgroundandculturaltraditions.ThenaturalgeographicalconditionsofancientWesterncountriesandancientChinaplayedanimportantroleintheoriginofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternthinkingmodes.
Asatypicalagriculturalsociety,Chinawitnessesitsdevelopmentinaclosedcontinentalenvironmentsurroundedbyunattainablemountainsinthewestandbyinsurmountableoceanintheeast,withChinesecultureemanatingfromthevastcountryareasoftheYellowRiverbasinandrootinginthecountryside.TheChinesepeopleliveinthefertilelandincentralCathayinaself-containedway,enjoyingthepreferenceofnature.Peopletherebelieveinthefavorableopportunity,geographicallocationandsocialcondition.ItistherelaxedandharmoniousatmospherethatshapesasignificantconceptinancientChinesephilosophy,namely,onenessbetweenmanandnature.Viewingtheworldfromthisperspective,Chinesepeopledeemanimismthatnothingintheworldislifelessandinanimateandthatallthecombinationofcolors,lightsandpatternsiscontinuouslycirculatinglifeformwhichcommunicateswithhumanbeings.Thus,objectsarelearnedasawholeandtheworldisregardedasavirtuallyinseparableorganismandeverythingandallphenomenaareinterpretedfromthisviewpointthatyinandyangarethetwoopposingprinciplesinnature,forinstance,heavenandearth,sunandmooninthecosmos,maleandfemaleintheworld.Theproduction,changeanddevelopmentofeverythingaccordwiththeeffectofyinandyang.
Ideologically,themaintenanceofnationalpeaceandthepursuitofharmoniouscommunityarecardinalpointsfromConfucianismtoTaoism.Meanwhile,thedevelopmentoftraditionalculturethatintegrityisadvocatedwhileindividualismisignored,andthatdutiesandresponsibilitiesarethoughttobeessentialwhileindividualrightsareconsideredtobetrivial.
Philosophically,onenessbetweenmanandnatureisthefundamentalspiritintraditionalChinesephilosophydominatedbyConfucianismandDaoism,thegistofwhichisthattheentireuniverse,includingheaven,earthandmankind,isintegratedandcannotbedivided[9].
Thefiveelements(mental,wood,water,fire,earth)ofChinesephilosophyaredistinctfromthefourelements(earth,water,fire,wind)inGreekandIndiancultures.Theformeroneconcentratesonitspracticalfunctionsindailylife.Thatiswhymentalisincluded[10].Thus,nomatteritisConfucianismorDaoism,onenessbetweenmanandnatureistheintellectualfoundationsofChina.Yinandyang,thefiveelementsandtheEightDiagrams,doctrineofmean,andonenessbetweenmanandnatureallreflecttheChinesenotionthatmankindandnaturearebelievedtobeintegratedandtheinterrelationshipofhumanbeingsandtherelationshipofhumanandnatureareseenasanorganicintegritywhichisdynamicallybalanced.Moreover,anintegratedworldviewimpliesanemphasisoninstinctiverecognition.Ineveryrespect,thethinkingmodeofChineseischaracterizedbycomprehensiveness,integrity,subjectivity,intuitiveness,dialectic,ambiguity,anditisspiritual,introverted,intuitiveandsubjective.
ComparedtotheclosedcontinentalenvironmentinChina,Westernculturecanbeclassifiedasprosperousness-onlyandpowerfulness-onlyextrovertedbusinesscultureandmarineculture.TheancestorsofBritishandAmericanwereWesternnomadslivinginaroaring,turbulent,andharshocean-surroundedenvironmentandtastingthevagariesofnature.Theatmosphereendowedthemwithexpansionaryandadventurouscharacters,intenseinclinationstoconquerthenature,andstrongdesirestocon
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 人称 角度 探讨 英汉翻译 策略