Cashflowstatement现金流量表的编制方法.docx
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Cashflowstatement现金流量表的编制方法.docx
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Cashflowstatement现金流量表的编制方法
Issue1Disclosure:
cashflowstatements
1.Generalformatofcashflowstatement:
CashFlowStatement
fortheyearended30June2006
Cashflowsfromoperatingactivities
Cashreceiptsfromcustomers+
Cashpaidtosuppliersandemployees-
Cashgeneratedfromoperations
Interestpaid-
Incometaxespaid-
Netcashusedinoperatingactivities
Cashflowsfrominvestingactivities
Purchaseofinvestments-
Purchaseofproperty,plantandequipment-
Proceedsfromsaleofequipment+
Interestreceived+
Dividendsreceived+
Netcashusedininvestingactivities
Cashflowsfromfinancingactivities
Proceedsfromissueofsharecapital+
Proceedsfromlong-termborrowings+
Repaymentofborrowings-
Dividendspaid-
Netcashusedinfinancingactivities
Netincrease(decrease)incashandcashequivalents+/-
Cashandcashequivalentsatbeginningofperiod+
Cashandcashequivalentsatendofperiod+
2.Ascashflowstatementisintroduced,whatismeantbytheterm‘cash’?
Definitionofcashisimportantbecausecashcannotgeneratecashflowinthecontextofpreparingacashflowstatementandcashshouldberecordedin‘Cashandcashequivalentsatbeginningofperiod’.
Cashcomprisescashonhandanddemanddeposits.
Cashequivalentsareshort-termhighlyliquidinvestmentsthatarereadilyconvertibleintoknownamountsofcash,andwhicharesubjecttoaninsignificantriskofchangesinvalue.
Examples:
bankandnon-bankbills,moneymarketdepositsclosetomaturity,investmentwithinatermof3monthsorless.
Bankoverdraftistreatedasafinancialactivity.
Accountreceivable(subjecttoadjustmentbybaddebts)andequitysecurities(highriskinchangesinvalue)areexcludedfromthedefinitionofcash.
3.Classificationofcashflowactivities
Operatingactivities
Associatedwithrevenuesandexpenses
E.g.tolendersforinterestandborrowingcosts
Investingactivities
Associatedwithmovementinnon-currentassetsandinvestment
E.g.tosaleandpurchaseofsharesanddebentureofotherentities
Financingactivities
Associatedwithmovementinnon-currentliabilitiesandequity
E.g.toissueshares,debenture,borrowings,sharebuy-backs,dividendpaidforthecompany
(Note:
youneedtomakeclearwhetherthepaymentorreceiptisforourowncompanyorthirdparties)
4.Preparingthecashflowstatement
Step1:
Cashflowsfromoperatingactivities
Thereare2methodswhichcanbeused–directmethodandindirectmethod
Directmethodisbasedonindividualiteminincomestatement.Majorclassesofrevenuesareshownasgrosscashinflowsfromoperations,andexpensesareshownasgrosscashoutflowsfromoperations.Theinformationnecessarytodeterminetheoperatingcashflowsisobtainedbyadjustingsales,costofsalesandotheritemsintheaccrual-basisISfornon-cashitemsanditemsnotrelatedtooperatingactivities.
Underdirectmethod,eachitemisadjustedfromaccrualbasistocashbasis.Certainitems,suchasdepreciationandamortisationofnon-currentassetsandgains/lossesonnon-currentassetsdisposedof,areexcluded,becausetheyhavenoeffectoncashflow.
Indirectmethodisbasedonafter-taxprofitinincomestatement.Theaccrual-basisprofitisadjustedtoacash-basisprofitbymakingadjustmentsfornon-cashitemsusedinthedeterminationofprofit.Addedbacktoprofitaretheeffectsofalldeferralsofcashinflows(deferredincome)andoutflows(prepayment),anddeductedareallaccrualsofexpectedfuturecashinflows(accruedincome)andoutflows(accruedexpense).Thedeferralsandaccrualsoffuturecashflowsarereflectedinthechangesinthebalanceofassetsandliabilitiesrelatingtooperatingactivities.(Thismethodissimilartowhatisdoneinpreparingtax).
BothmethodsarepermittedunderIAS7.
A.Cashreceiptsfromcustomers
BeginningAccountsReceivable
+Creditsales
-Baddebtswrittenoff
-Discountallowed
=TotalAccountsReceivable
-EndingAccountsReceivable
=Cashreceiptsfromcustomers
BaddebtswrittenoffisactuallyA/RwrittenoffinUK(DrProvisionfordoubtfuldebts/CrAR)
Thepointisthebalanceoftheallowancefordoubtfuldebtsaccountmustnotbenettedoffagainsttheaccountsreceivablebalance.Wemustusebaddebtswrittenoff.
BeginningAllowance+Baddebts–Baddebtswrittenoff=EndingAllowance
Baddebtswrittenoff=BeginningAllowance+Baddebts–EndingAllowance
B.Cashpaidtosuppliersandemployees(andotherexpenses)
Forcashpaidtosuppliers:
Beginningaccountspayable
+Creditpurchases
-Discountreceived
=Totalaccountspayable
-Endingaccountspayable
=Cashpaidtosuppliers
ButcreditpurchaseisnotshowninIS.OnlycostofsalescanbeobtaineddirectlyfromIS.
COS=Beginninginventory+Creditpurchases–Endinginventory
Creditpurchases=COS–Beginninginventory+Endinginventory
Forcashpaidtoemployeesandotherservices:
Settleaccruals:
Beginningaccruals
+Accruedexpense
=Totalaccruals
-Endingaccruals
=Cashpaidforservices
Prepayment:
Beginningprepayment–Expense+Prepaidexpense(Cash)=Endingprepayment
Cashpayment=Expense+Endingprepayment–Beginningprepayment
Step2:
Cashflowsfrominvestingactivities
A.Acquisitionanddisposalofnon-currentassets
Thisstepinvolvesanexaminationofanychangesintheselong-termassetsinthelightofrelevanttransactiondatatodeterminetheeffectsoncashflows.Hence,youmustsearchthedatatocheckwhetherthecompanypurchaselong-termassetsoncashoroncreditandselllong-termassetsoncashoroncredit.
B.Interestanddividendsreceived
Beginningaccruedincome
+Interest/dividendincome
=Totalaccruedincome(Asset)
-Closingaccruedincome
=Interestanddividendsreceived
Step3:
Cashflowsfromfinancingactivities
Theinitialstepistoanalysethebalancesheetandstatementofchangesinequityforchangesinnon-currentliabilitiesandequityitems.Thesechangesarethenassessedinlightofadditionalrelevanttransactiondatatodeterminechangeswhichresultedincashflows.
Step4:
Ascertainnetcashandcashequivalentincrease/decrease
Step5:
Reconcilecashandcashequivalentatendwiththatatthebeginning
Step6:
Notetodisclosethecomponentsofcashandcashequivalents
Step7:
NotetoreconcilethenetcashusedinoperatingactivitieswithprofitintheISbyusingindirectmethod.
Thereconciliationprocesscommenceswiththeaccrual-basisprofitandadjustingforanynon-operatingitems(e.g.gains/lossesonsaleofPPE)andallnon-cashexpensesandrevenues.
Profitfortheperiod
Subtract:
Gainsonsaleofnon-currentassets(Profitfrominvestingactivities/gainsdonotaffectcash,onlysalesproceedsaffectcash)
Subtract:
Investmentincome(Interestanddividendsreceivedfrominvestingactivities)
Add:
Depreciationandotherwrite-downs(Noreductionofcash)
Add/subtract:
ChangesincurrentassetsandliabilitiesinBS(Non-currentassetsandliabilitiesrelatetoinvestmentorfinancing)
CurrentitemsinBS
+profit/cash
-profit/cash
CurrentAsset(A/R,Inventories,Prepayment)
Assetsdecrease
Assetsincrease
CurrentLiabilities(A/P,Accruals,Deferredincome)
Liabilitiesincrease
Liabilitiesdecrease
Step8:
Notestodiscussnon-cashfinancingandinvestingactivities,includingacquisitionorsaleofasubsidiaryandofproperty,plantandequipment
Why?
Sincethecashflowstatementreportsonlytheeffectsoftransactionsoncashandcashequivalents,somematerialfinancingandinvestingactivitiesmaybeomittedfromthestatementifsuchtransactionsdonotaffectcashflows.Examplesincludeconversionoflong-termdebttoequity,theacquisitionofotherentitiesbymeansofashareissue,theacquisitionofnon-currentassetsbymeansofmortgage,andtheacquisitionofassetsbyenteringintoafinancelease.
Myownthought:
Theessenceofcashflowstatementistoturntheaccrual-accountingprofittocash-accountingprofit(whichisalsonetcash).Inordertoachievethisgoal,thereare2wayswecanchoose.Thefirstwayistoadjusttheaccrual-accountingprofit,whichiscalledindirectmethod.Underindirectmethod,accrual-accountingprofitisadjustedbyreducingnon-cashexpensessuchasdepreciationexpense(whichmeansaddingittoprofit),andgain/losswhichdoesnotaffectthecashlevel.Then,weneedtoadjustthechangeofcurrentassetsandliabilities,whicharerelatedtooperatingactivities.Actually,wecansubdividetheprofit,andthiswillleadtoanothermethod–directmethod.Underthedirectmethod,theamountofcashinflowandoutflowwillbecalculated.Wecanusesales,purchasesandotherexpensetogetherwiththechangeofassetsandliabilitiestogetthecash.Cashgeneratedfromoperatingactivitiesiscloselyrelatedtocurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities;cashgeneratedfrominvestingactivitiesiscloselyrelatedtonon-currentassets;cashgeneratedfromfinancingactivitiesiscloselyrelatedtonon-currentliabilitiesandequity.
Example:
Directmethod:
Cashoutflow=BeginningA/CPayable+Purchases–ClosingA/CPayable
Indirectmethod:
Netcash=Profit+IncreaseofA/CPayable
=(Revenue–OS–Purchases+CS…)+EndingA/CPayable–OpeningA/CPayable
=…-(Purchases+OpeningA/CPayable–EndingA/CPayable
=…-theamountofcashoutflowforpurchases
Directmethod:
Cashinflow=BeginningA/CReceivable+CreditSales–EndingA/CReceivable
Indirectmethod:
Netcash=Profit–IncreaseA/CReceivable
=(Revenue-…)–(EndingA/CReceivable–BeginningA/CReceivable)
=Revenue…+BeginningA/CReceivable–EndingA/CReceivable
=Theamountofcashinflowforsal
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- 关 键 词:
- Cashflowstatement 现金流 量表 编制 方法
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