涉外法律文书.docx
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涉外法律文书.docx
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涉外法律文书
涉外法律文书
篇一:
涉外法律文书写作
Theunderstandingofthe“authority”inwTosetting
name:
FanYunStudentid:
20XX0301090862
inlaw,Generallyspeaking,theconceptofauthorityistypicallyassociatedwithlegalsources.indeed,legalsources—constitutions,statutes,regulations,andreportedcases,mostcommonly—areoftenreferredtoasauthorities,whethertheyareusedinanauthoritativewayornot.Theauthorityisclassifiedintomandatoryandoptionalauthorities.Tobespecific,thewTosystemhasmoveawayfrommorepower-orienteddiplomaticapproachtotraderelations,andembracedrule-orientedapproachesandimpartialdisputesettlement.ThemostfundamentalissueforthedSBishowtointerpretwToagreement,andkeepthesecurityandpredictabilitytothemultilateraltradingsystem.The―authority‖inwTosettingcanbecomprehendasfollows:
ThecoveredagreementinwTosystem.accordingtoart.16ofthemarrakeshagreement:
"ExceptasotherwiseprovidedunderthisagreementorthemultilateralTradeagreements,thewToshallbeguidedbythedecisions,proceduresandcustomarypracticesfollowedbytheconTRacTinGPaRTiEStoGaTT1947andthebodiesestablishedintheframeworkofGaTT1947."wToisdevelopedfromtheGaTT,theresourceofoftheGaTTisalsotheresourcetothewTo,so,itcanbetheauthoritytothewTodisputesettlement.
Justasour20XX-20XXmootcourtcase,we,asthecompliantparty,usetheprovisionofthedSUtoillustratethejurisdictionissue,thatis,accordingtothearticle3.3,article4.1,article4.2,article4.7ofthedSUthatthedSBhasrighttohearthecasealthoughcommerciaalsosuittotheoFTa.BecauseasamemberofwTo,aquitania’smeasurehaveanegativeeffecttothecommerciaandcommerciahastherighttoresorttothedSB.
PanelreportandtheaBreport.UnlikethewTocoveredagreement,PanelreportandtheaBreport,includingthepracticeoftheGaTT,isthepotentialresource.althoughhasgreatpowersofpersuasion,itnot―binding‖asacaselawincommonlaw,anditjustcanbeseemasakindofcustomarypracticejustastheart.31oftheViennaconventionsuggest:
―subsequentpracticeintheapplicationofthetreatywhichestablishestheagreementofthepartiesregardingitsinterpretation‖shouldbetakeintoaccountwheninterpretingtheprovision.inpractice,panelandaBareallrespecttotheprecedent,tokeeptheruleofthedisputesettlementispredictable,certaintyandtransparency,ontheotherhand,ifthenewsituationoccur,theymaymakeaappropriateadjustmentinthediscretionaryauthoritycasebycase.
intheaquitania–measuresaffectingwaterdistributionandSewagecollectionServicescase,tointerprettheScheduleofSpecific
commitments,weusetheaBreportofthe―US—Gambling‖toexplainwhythewaterdistributionandthesweagecollectionservicefallsintothesector4,subsectord(―Franchising‖)oftheaquitania’sGaTSschedule,thatisbecauseaspecifiedmeasurecouldnotfallintotwoormoresectors.TothepartofthegeneralexceptionsinGaTS,theaBofthe―Korea—VariousmeasuresonBeef‖tellsusthealternativemeasureshouldbeburdenedfinanciallyandtechnicallyandshouldguaranteethelevelacountrywantstoreach,sothatwecomplytothejurisprudenceandputforwardseveralalternativemeasureforaquitaniainsteadofexcludeallprivatecompaniesandjointventures.wealaousepanelreportofthe―china—PublicationsandaudiovisualProducts,‖―mexico-Telecommunications‖,andsoon.
internationalcustomaryrules.accordingtoart.3.2ofthedSU:
"Themembersrecognizethatitservestopreservetherightsandobligationsofmembersunderthecoveredagreements,andtoclarifytheexistingprovisionsofthoseagreementsinaccordancewithcustomaryrulesofinterpretationofpublicinternationallaw."thewidelyusedcustomaryrulesofinterpretationofpublicinternationallawistheViennaconventionontheLawofTreaties,Tobespecific,underart.31
(1)oftheVcLT,atreatyistobeinterpretedingoodfaithinaccordancewiththeordinarymeaninggiventothetermsofthetreatyintheircontextandinthelightofthetreaty’sobjectanpurpose.art.32oftheVcLTcodifies
anotherfundamentalruleoftreatyinterpretationapplicabletowToagreement.Resorttothesupplementarytoolsofinterpretationincludingthetravauxpreparatoriesorthecircumstancesofatreaty’sconclusionisonlynecessarywhenthemeansinarticle31donotresolveaproblemofinterpretation.
accordingly,weusethemethodprovidebytheVcLTtointerpretedthe―commercial‖,―competition‖toillustratetheserviceisnot―intheexerciseofgovernmentalauthority‖and―Franchising‖.
Generalprincipaloflaw.ifthereisnopreviouspaneloraBreport,theymayusethegeneralprincipaloflaw,suchasPactasuntservanda,estoppelandtheabuseofrightsdoctrine.inthecaseofUS—SoftwoodLumber,wecanfindthatthedSBusetheestoppelprincipalintheirdecision,butonlythegeneralprincipalcanbenotenough,itmustaccordingtoanotherspecificprovision.
ThedisputesettlementoftheoFTacannotestablished,ifweadheringtotheoFTathedisputecanhardlyberesolved,for―Lawdoesnotcompelamantodamagehimselfbecauseitisimpossibleandunreasonable‖.
internationalconvention.inwTojurisprudencetherehasarisedmanydisputeabouttheconflictaboutthefreetradeandothervalueoftheworld.intheUS-Shrimp,aBconcludethattheconventioncanbeasasourceifthecompliantandtherespondentareallthepartiestothe
convention.
inthiscase,aquitaniaandcommerciaarepartiestotheinternationalcovenantoncivilandPoliticalRights(iccPR),theinternationalcovenantonEconomic,SocialandculturalRights(icEScR),theconventionontheEliminationofdiscriminationagainstwomen(cEdaw),theconventionontheRightsofthechild(cRc)andtheconventionontheRightsofPersonswithdisabilities(cPRd).weacknowledgethisconventionarebindingtocommercia,butnoneofthemmentionthe―universalobligationservice‖oritisakindof―governmentalauthority‖.
Thedoctrineofinternationallawbyauthoritativescholars.ontheonehand,itincludetheinternationaltradelawarea,suchasGrotiuswritings.ontheotherhand,italsocontainthenon-tradeareassuchastheenvironment,panelsmayinvitedsomenGoparticipatedintothehearingtohelpthedecision-making.inpracticethedoctrineisnotbindingbutakindofcomplementarymethod.
篇二:
涉外法律文件公证认证之流程
涉外法律文件公证认证之流程
活着的法律
根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第264条之规定,在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的外国人、无国籍人、外国企业和组织委托中华人民共和国律师或者其他人代理诉讼,从中华人民共和国领域外寄交或者托交的授权委托书,应当经所在国公证机关证明,并经中华人民共和国驻该国使领馆认证,或者履行中华人民共和国与该所在国订立的有关条约中规定的证明手续后,才具有效力。
若境外当事人在境内的话,就很简单,作为原告可以直接去立案庭当着立案法官的面签署民事起诉状和授权委托书,否则需要到公证处办理委托书公证。
若当事人在境外且在境内无住所,可能就麻烦一点,因为每个国家办理委托都不一样,而且国内人在境外和持境外护照的人办理委托也都不一样,现以香港、澳门、台湾、日本、美国为例简单介绍涉外法律文件公证认证流程:
1、香港
自1981年起,我国就开始对涉及香港公证实施委托人公证制度,所谓委托公证,是指具备一定条件的香港律师,接受司法部的委托,应当事人的申请,对发生在香港的法律行为、有法律意义的事实和文书,依照法定程序对其合法性、真实性予以证明。
国家司法部会适时对指定的香港公证律师名单予以公布。
当事人可以至中国司法部委托的香港律师公证人处办理委托书公证,再将经过公正的法律文书送到中国法律服务(香港)有限公司加盖转递章,方能在国内法院使用。
注意:
一定要至司法部委托的香港律师公证人处办理,无该项资格的律师出具的公证书在国内法院不能使用。
2、澳门
委托中国司法部指定的澳门公证律师做公证,但对于是否需要加盖中国法律服务(澳门)有限公司的转递章无明确要求。
目前司法部指定的澳门公证律师较少,当事人也可以直接到澳门当地的公证机关公证。
3、台湾
对于)的环节,我在参与一些英汉、汉英法律文书的翻译过程中,深感我们在涉外法律文书及其翻译工作上的薄弱,有一些个人体会,提出来供大家参考。
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