英语代词总结- 英语学习.ppt

英语代词总结- 英语学习.ppt

代 词, pron.,代 词,人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,疑问代词,主格,宾格,形容词性,名词性,不定代词,this that these those,who whom whose what which,普通不定代词 复合不定代词,,,,,一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清,,（一）人称代词的语序,单数形式（二、三、一） 即you/ he/ I You, she and I all enjoy the music. 复数形式（一、二、三） 即；we/ you/ they,（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词,These books arent ours. Ours are new. our books ours This is not our room. Ours is over there. our room ours,“of 名词性物主代词”表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友,1. She is a friend of ________. A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isnt my pen ,it is _____. A. her B. his C. him 3. Frank cant find ____ dictionary . Can you lend ____ to _____ A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him,,,,二、it的用法,it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。如 My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere. 2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 -----Who is knocking at the door -----It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old.,二、it的用法,3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。如 It will be sunny tomorrow. 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。如 I found it difficult to learn English well first. It is impossible for us to learn a foreign language.,it 固定句型 1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is adj. for sb. to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work. 2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time for sb. to do sth. Its time for you to do the homework. 4. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.,5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been 时段 since 从句过去时 7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think feel,, it adj. to do,I found ___ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that 2. It __ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took 3. It is great fun __ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going,,,,三、反身代词的用法,定义反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成，可用口诀简记如下 反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。 一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。,三、反身代词的用法,（一）作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。 1. enjoy oneself have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night 2. help oneself to sth. 随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit, children.,三、反身代词的用法,3. hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself. 4. teach oneself learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English Did you learn English by yourself 5. look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well, thanks.,三、反身代词的用法,6. say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do” 7. come to oneself苏醒 Soon the lady came to herself. 8. make oneself 过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself understood.,,9. make yourself at home别客气，让自己像在家一样 Help yourself to some fish. Make yourself at home. 10. lose oneself in沉浸于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.,三、反身代词的用法,（二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves.,三、反身代词的用法,（三）作表语 反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself. （四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主语的同位语 You will have to do it yourself. He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 2.作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. Youd better ask Mary herself about it.,The man is rich , he can buy ___ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself 2. --- What a lovely card Where did you buy it --- I made it by _____. A. me B. myself C. itself 3. “Help ____ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your,,,,四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those,,,指示代词this, that, these, those在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 This is yours and that is mine. I like these and he likes those. These computers are cheap. What I want to say is this.,,this 与 that用法比较 1. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this She married Jim, and this that surprised me. I want to know this Is he healthy 我想知道这一点他是否很健康。 2. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用 that 指对方 Hello. This is Jim. Is that John 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗,,表替代的that 与 those 有时为了避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词 The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。that the population His views are close to those of the Socialist Party. 他的观点接近社会党的观点。those the views,,That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较 He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）,指示代词, The population of Shanghai is larger than __ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as ___ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is ___the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that,,,,,【辨析】one, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的同一事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples. You can have one.The weather of Dalian is much wetter than that of Lanzhou.,one it, The box is in the middle of the room. Move __ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy ___. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is I want to buy ___. A. it B. one C. /,one 同类不同件 it 同类同件,,,,五、不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none等,（一）some 与 any some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个” ,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如 I have some work to do today. 今天我有些事情要做 They will go there some day.他们有朝一日会去那儿,some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如 Would you like some coffee with sugar你要加糖的咖啡吗 May I ask some questions 我可以问问题吗 Could I have some apples 我可以吃苹果吗 Will you give me some water 你能给我些水吗,,any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,可修饰可数或不可数名词。如T hey didnt have any friends here. 他们在这里没有朋友 Have you got any questions to ask你有问题要问吗 any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.随便带什么朋友来吧。,（二）many many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如 There are a lot of people on the playground.操场上有许多的人 They havent got much work to do.他们没有多少事情可做 There are too many people in the room.房间里人太多了。,名词修饰语一览表,（三）a few, a little, few, little,,Although all the girls have tried their best , only ___ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little 2. Dont worry .There is ____ time left . A. little B. a little C. few 3. You are so great ____ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few,,,,Each与every都有“每个”的意思 each既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，在句中可以作定语，主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。例如 1.Each student has his own dictionary . （形容词，定语） 2.Each has his good point . （代词，主语） 3.Our headteacher had a talk with each of us . （代词，宾语） 4.The students each have a desk . （代词，同位语，不影响谓语动词的单复数） 5.The children can have a bag each . （副词，状语） every却只有形容词词性，不可单独使用。,,,each与every都可用作形容词，在句中作定语，但each更强调个人或个别，every更强调全体或全部。every和each作定语时，后面加单数名词。比较 I know each member of your family . 我认识你们家的每个成员。 I know every member of your family . 我认识你们家的每个成员。,,each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every是指许多人或事物的“全体”，与all的意思相近。试译 这条街上每边都有很多商店。 There are many shops on each side of the street . （不用every） 我给她父母每人一件礼物。 I gave a present to each of her parents .,,each 单独作主语或each、every修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式，但each of them作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式都可以。例如 Each / Each person / Every person is living a happy life now . 人人都过着幸福生活。 Each of them are / is wearing full dress . 他们个个都身着盛装。,,every可以与not连用构成部分否定，意思是“并不/非人人”，而each则不可以与not连用。全部否定是no one ，意思是“个个都不”、“没有人”等。例如 Every one of them doesnt like the TV play . 并非人人都喜欢电视剧 部分否定 No one likes the TV play . 完全否定,,表示“每隔”、“每”，要用“every基数词复数名词”。这种结构中的every不能用each替代。例如 Theyll choose one out of every ten girls . We hand in our homework every three days .,each every, I gave them __ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on ___ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping __ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。 He came here __________ day.,,,,every other,each和every,“每一个” eachevery,She knows each student of the class. 她认识班级中的每个学生。,She knows every student of the class. 她认识班级中的所有学生。,Each of them doesnt smoke. 每个人都不吸烟。,every却只有形容词词性， 不可单独使用。,each作代词，与of连用,重于个体,强调整体,,,,,,,,五both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers. Both of my parents are teachers. neither “两者都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 There are trees on either side of the street. There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。, ___ of the girls ___ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents ___ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers ___ in this hospital, but neither of them ___ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are,,,,either neither both,bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor谓语动词遵循就近原则 Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。,either neither both, Either Tom or the twins __ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I ___ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary ___ hard. A. studies B. study C. studying,,,,The students are all from Foshan . They ___ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily ___ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents They are ____ fine. A. both B. all C. no,,,,,all/none all “全部都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） none能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人或事物”,表示复数或单数。 如None of them is/are in the classroom.他们当中没有一个在教室里 None of us is/are afraid of dogs. I have many books, but none is interesting,,all 和both用于否定时表示部分否定。 All flowers in his garden are not red. 他花园里的花并非都是红色的。 Both of them are not my brothers. 他们两个之中，只有一个是我的兄弟。 另外，表示部分否定的词还有every everyone。 Every man can not be a poet. 并非人人都可以成为诗人。 Both of my parents are teachers. 改为否定句 ____ of my parents _____ a teacher.,none no one nothing,none和no one意思相近，但用法有所区别 none是all的反义词，意为“没有人；没有什么东西；一个也不”，既可以指人，也可以指物，它与of连用修饰名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。no one意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。例如 None of the money on the table is mine. 桌子上的钱没有一分是我的。 None of us enjoys / enjoy getting up early. 我们没人喜欢早起。 No one likes her. 没人喜欢她。 No one knows how to do the work. 没有人知道怎样做那项工作。,,另外，需要注意的是回答how many 引起的特殊疑问句时要用 none；回答 who 引起的特殊疑问句时要用 no one。例如 1 How many birds are there in the tree 树上有多少只鸟 None. 一只也没有。 2 Who is in the classroom 谁在教室里 No one. 谁都不在。（一个人也没有）,,none 1可与of连用；2谓语动词用单或复数；3具体指什么人或物；4一般用来回答how many n,how much n及含anyn引起的疑问句。请看 1None of us have/has seen him. 2How many students are there in the room None. 3Is there any water in the thermos None. 4How much money do you have on you None.,,no one 1不与of连用；2谓语动词用单数；3只能指人，但不具体指什么人；4一般用来回答who,及含 anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。如 1No one like a person with bad manners. 2Who is in the room No one. 3Is there anyone in the room No one.,,nothing 1指物；2谓语用单数；3一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看 1What is in the box Nothing. 2Is there anything in thesky Nothing. 3Can you see anything without glasses Nothing.,none no one, How many people are there in the room ___. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room ___. A. None B. No one C. one None of them ___ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from,,,,,another/other another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。 I dont want this coat. Please show me anotherone. other表示泛指，意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。 Do you have any other questions,the other/others/the others one...the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,others泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football. the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.,六、复合不定代词,,六、复合不定代词,注 1. 这些词后一般都不可接of短语。 2. 这些词一般没有词形变化，但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如Everyones life was in danger. 3. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时，形容词或者副词都需要后置。 4. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 5. 在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分的主语是everybody，someone等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they，也可以用he；若陈述部分的主语是anything， nothing等指物的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语用it。如 Everyone knows this, doesnt he/ dont they Everything seems all right, doesnt it ,,none、noone、nobody、nothing noone/nobody常用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式； nothing常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式； none可指人也可指物，作主语时，如和of连用指不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式；指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。如 Noonelikesapersonwithbadmanners. Nothingisdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit. Noneofthemhas/haveseenmebefore.Noneofthismoneybelongstome.,,注意 1）none可与of连用表示范围，而noone/nobody及nothing不可。 2）none可用来回答Howmany/much的特殊疑问句；而noone/nobody及nothing则分别用来回答Who和What的特殊疑问句。如 HowmanybirdsarethereinthetreeNone. WhatisintheboxNothing. WhoisintheclassroomNoone/Nobody.,,3）none可用来回答“any名词”构成的一般疑问句而nobody和nothing则分别用来回答由anybody和anything构成的一般疑问句。如 IsthereanybreadleftNo，noneatall. IsthereanythingintheskyNo，nothing. 4）none可用来指代前面提到过的人或物；如无指代时可用noone/nobody及nothing.如 Wehadthreecatsoncenoneofthemisalivenow.,七、相互代词each other; one another.,,,1. who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用whom。 With whom did you talk just now Who whom are you waiting for,,2. 关于what与which what意为“什么”，而which意为“哪一个”。前者问得宽泛，后者问得具体，有明显限定性的选择范围。如 What did he say （宽泛）他说什么 Which do you like better, apple or banana 你更喜欢哪一种，是苹果还是香蕉 which, what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。 What class are you in,,3.which和who which指人或事物，可以作主语和宾语。which选择的对象是有范围限制的，回答通常为一个。而who选择的对象是没有范围限制的，回答可指一人，也可指几个人。如 一Which country are you from 你来自哪个国家 一I am from china. 我来自中国。 一Who will come to meet her 谁将去接她 一Li Xin and Mary. 李欣和玛丽。,,4.关于who与what who只能指人，用于询问别人的身份等，可以作主语和表语。what可以作主语、宾语和表语，一般指事物，有时也可以指人，用于询问别人的职业。如 一Who is the girl in red 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁 一She is My friend. 她是我的朋友。 一What is your father 你父亲是干什么的 He is a teacher. 他是个教师。,,5.关于whose与whom whose是who的所有格，通常用作定语。whom是who的宾格，用作动词或介词的宾语。如 Whose house is far from school 谁的家离学校远 Whomdid you lend that magazine to To whom did you lend this magazine 你把那本杂志借给谁了,关系代词,This is the doctor who came here yesterday. The man whom you saw last week has left the town. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. The room which you can see by the river is a reading room.,,关系代词 关系代词主要有who, whom，whose, that, which等。用来引导定语从句，在意义上代表定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，同时又在定语从句中担任一个成分，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。关系代词的主要用法有 1.who, whom和whose在从句中可以分别作主语、宾语、和定语。如 The boy who is sitting next to Tom is his brother. The woman whom he married was rich. My dog whose name is Ted is growing fast.,,2.which代表事物，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。如 This is the boo