1、锅炉承压管泄漏在线监测系统，是一套专门为及时发现锅炉“四管”泄漏（内漏）事故而设计的“计算机在线监测系统”，该系统主要分为就地检测部分和操作监测部分。BLD Type On-line Leakage Monitoring System for Pressurized Tubes in Boiler, is a “on-line monitoring computer” which is designed specifically for detecting leakage （leakage inside） of “4 Tubes” of boiler in time. The system i
2、ncludes: grounded monitoring part and operation monitoring part.系统的就地检测部分安装在锅炉现场，操作监测部分则集成在监测机柜中，安装在单元控制室或电子设备间内。Grounded monitoring part is installed at boiler onsite; operation monitoring part is integrated in monitoring cabinet, installed in unit control room or electronic-equipment room.1.1安装结构I
3、nstallation Structure整个系统的就地检测部分包括测点声导管、一体化传感器、就地接线盒、就地信号电缆以及防腐清灰装置等。操作监测部分则包括工控计算机、彩色监视器、监测系统主机、彩色打印机以及系统监测机柜等。Grounded monitoring part includes: sound meatus of observation points, integrated transducer, grounded junction box, grounded signal cable and anticorrosive cleaning device, etc. Operation
4、 monitoring part includes: , color monitor, monitoring system host, color printer and monitoring cabinet etc.系统安装结构如图1.1所示。Installation structure see figure 1.1:图1.1锅炉泄漏监测系统安装结构框图Figure 1.1Monitoring system installation structure锅炉承压管泄漏在线监测系统的全套设备为贵重仪器，在安装搬运过程中，应尽量注意避免冲击和振动，以免系统设备产生损坏，造成不应有的损失。The w
5、hole equipments of the monitoring system are very expensive. During transport and installation，concussion and shake should be avoided, so as not to damaged and avoid unnecessary losses整套设备应使用一组单独额定热工供电电源，电压240V1A，50HZ,该电源应引入监测机柜中的端子排上。The whole equipment uses a single rated thermal power supply; the
6、 specification is 240V and 1A. 50HZ.The power should be placed on terminal strip in monitoring cabinet.1.2测点安装Installation of Observation points锅炉承压管泄漏在线监测系统的测点安装，可分为声导管和传感器两部分，其中关键在于声导管的安装。Installation of observation points of the monitoring system includes: sound meatus and transducer part. The ke
7、y point rests with installation of sound meatus part.声导管结构Structure of Sound Meatus声导管用于从炉内传递噪声信号至传感器。通常由603.5mm钢管制成，分为J型声导管和Y型声导管，其结构见图1.2和图1.3。Sound Meatus is used for transmitting noise signal from furnace to transducer. Usually it is made of steel tube which is 3.5mm. It includes J-Sound meatus
8、and Y-Sound meatus, see figure 1.2 and figure 1.3.（1）J型声导管结构Structure of J-Sound meatusJ型声导管主要用于非水平烟道的测点，其结构见图1.2。图中白钢套的作用是向上移动露出开孔，通过此孔清理声导管内前端的积灰或结焦, 还可以适当作看火孔用, 此孔平常处于关闭状态。J-sound meatus is used for observation points of non-level flues; its structure is shown in figure 1.2. Steel tube is the rol
9、e of exposing hole while moving up. The sound meatus can be cleaned through this hole. It also could be seen as fire hole when necessary; it is usually closed. 图1.2 J型声导管结构Figure 1.2 J-Sound meatus（2）Y型声导管结构Structure of Y-Sound meatus锅炉为平衡通风系统，水平烟道区域易发生正压，正压使烟气进入声导管后在低温结露化合成硫酸，使传感器很快腐蚀，同时声导管前端易积灰。Bo
10、iler is a balanced ventilation system. Level flue is easy to produce plus pressure, and the plus pressure makes flue gas enter sound meatus; the flue gas becomes sulfuric acid at low temperature, and makes tranducer etched quickly, at the same time, it is easy to pile up ash in the front of sound me
11、atus.为避免腐蚀和积灰，在水平烟道区域采用图1.3 Y型结构声导管。这种结构声导管有一个气源入口，通过它不断的送入来自锅炉送风机出口的风，用来抵消来自炉膛内部的正压，从而起到防止传感器结露造成的腐蚀，以及防止声导管前端堵灰的作用。In order to avoid being eroded or piling up ash, Y-Sound meatus is used at the level flue part, see figure 1.3. Y-sound meatus has an entrance for air source; air from the outlet of f
12、orced draught fan, is sent though constantly which is used to counteract plus pressure from furnace. In this way, the transducer can be prevented from being corroded and piling up ash.图1.3 Y型声导管结构Figure 1.3 Y-Sound meatus测点安装位置Installed Location of observation points声导管安装位置由传感器有效监测半径确定，原则为612m。布置传感器
13、的数量应保证对全炉承压受热面泄漏进行有效的监测，且监测应做到无盲区。The location of sound meatus is decided by the effective radius of transducer monitoring, usually it is 612m. The number of transducer should ensure that all heating surfaces leakage can be detected, and ensure that theres no blind space.由于锅炉型号的不同、结构的不同、安装工艺的不同以及锅炉安
14、装地域的不同，因此，测点位置和数量也不同，具体位置应根据锅炉的具体情况而设计，参见测点位置图（附图）。Because of different boiler types, structures, installation techniques and locations of the boilers, the number and location of observation points should also be different. Specific location should be designed according to details of boiler，see atta
15、ched figure. Steel girder图1.4侧墙与顶棚声导管安装示意图Figure 1.4 The installed location of sound meatus on sidewalls and top-roof测点布置应遵循以下原则：Principles of installing location of observation points should observe these principles：（1）传感器有效监测半径为612m，避免监测出现盲区。（1）In order to avoid blind space, the effective radius o
16、f transducer is 612m.（2）安装角度除了顶棚外其它J型声导管为仰角45O，见图1.4；Y型声导管为仰角30O。测点上部要留有足够空间。（2）Installed angle of J-sound meatus is an elevation of 45except top-room，see figure 1.4. Installed angle of Y-sound meatus is an elevation of 30. Enough space should be kept at upside of observation point.（3）测点位置要有走台，以便于维护
17、。（3） Platform should be located near the observation point for maintenance.（4）测点确定应避开吹灰器和有压缩风吹扫的其它测点。（4） Observation point should be kept away from soot blower and other observation points which are blown by compression air.（5）水冷壁区域的测点应尽量利用看火孔、人孔门或闲置不用的其它测点。（5）The observation points near the water-c
18、ooled wall should make use of fire holes, man holes or other unused observation points.测点开孔方法The Method of Boring Hole（1）水冷壁利用看火孔上方三角区开孔方法（1）Boring hole on water-cooled wall making use of triangle area above the fire hole.大容量锅炉通常为膜式水冷壁，水冷壁间距较小，应尽量利用原有备用吹灰孔、看火孔、人孔门等上方的三角区，减少工作量，避免弯管开孔而破坏水冷壁的原结构。The l
19、arge capacity boiler usually is membrane tube wall; space between water-cooled walls is too small, so the triangle are above the soot blowing hole, fire hole and man hole should be used as much as possible in order to reduce the workload; boring hole on syphon should be avoid in order to protect the
20、 structure of water-cooled wall.应该注意：正在应用的吹灰器孔不能利用。Note: The soot blower hole which is in use cannot be utilized.图1.5水冷壁利用看火孔上方三角区开孔示意图Figure 1.5 The method of boring hole which makes use of fire hole on water-cooled wall水冷壁上的原有开孔均有较大的裕度，完全可以利用原开孔上方的空闲三角区安装声导管，见图1.5。Theres usually enough surplus on
21、original holes on water-cooled wall, so the triangle area above the original holes can be used for installing sound meatus, see figure 1.5.（2）水冷壁弯管开孔方法（2）The method of boring hole on the syphon of water-cooled wall 当水冷壁必须弯管开孔时，其具体开孔方法可参见图1.6图。When boring hole on water-cooled wall is necessary on syp
22、hon，the method see figure 1.6.图1.6水冷壁弯管开孔示意图Figure 1.6 The method of boring hole making use of syphon on water-cooled wall（3）水冷壁鳍片开孔方法（3）The method of boring hole making use of finned hole of water-cooled wall如果水冷壁测点没有相应的看火孔等可利用，通常锅炉水冷壁管间距较小，考虑到安全因素，则采用在水冷壁鳍片上开窄孔的方式。竖向结构水冷壁在相邻的鳍片上开两条长的矩形孔，宽度按鳍片实际尺寸。
23、利用方箱过渡进行满焊，再将声导管安装到方箱上。见图1.7。If theres no fire hole on water-cooled wall can be used as observation point, usually the space between water-cooled wall tubes is narrow; in view of safe factor, finned narrow hole on water-cooled wall can be bored. Two rectangular holes are bored on contiguous fins of
24、vertical water-cooled wall, and width is the same with fins width. Making use of box as transition for full jointing, then sound meatus will be installed on the box. See figure 1.7. Box图1.7 利用水冷壁鳍片开孔安装声导管Figure 1.7 The method of boring hole which makes use of finned hole on water-cooled wall（4）包墙过热器
25、开孔方法（4）Boring hole making use of enclosure-wall super-heater锅炉包墙过热器节距较大，安装声导管时一般不需弯管，只需将鳍片开孔即可。鳍片开孔时在保证过热器安全的前提下，尽可能使其与声导管口径相同，当鳍片间距小于声导管内径时，鳍片开孔为一椭圆孔，同时将声导管前端适当压扁。开孔方法见图1.8。Theres broad space between enclosure-wall super-heaters, usually siphon is not needed to install sound meatus, and finned hole
26、 is already enough. While the safety of super-heater is guaranteed, the caliber of finned hole should be the same as sound meatuss caliber; when the spaces between fins is less than the sound meatuss internal diameter, finned hole is bored elliptical, at the same time the front of sound meatus shoul
27、d be made flat to fit the hole, see figure 1.8图1.8 利用包墙壁鳍片开孔安装声导管Figure 1.8 The method of boring hole which is making use of super-heater of enclosure-wall声导管安装方法The Method of Installing Sound Meatus（1）侧墙声导管安装方法：（1）The method of installing sound meatus on side-wall:侧墙声导管斜段长度大于700mm，现场安装确定实际应留长度。The
28、length of bevel edge of sound meatus on side-wall should be bigger than 700mm; actual length is decided during installation.声导管的安装原则应保证其上部法兰盘便于安装及检修传感器。法兰盘上部传感器安装高度为大于300mm（见图1.4）。Installing sound meatus should ensure the convenience of installing and maintaining the transducer. The installing heigh
29、t above the flange should be more than 300mm （see figure 1.4）.安装声导管时应保证声导管根部与水冷壁平齐，不允许声导管伸入水冷壁内侧。When installing sound meatus, the hemline of sound meatus and water-cooled wall should be kept at the same level. It isnt allowed that sound meatus is inserted into water-cooled wall.声导管与包墙护板满焊，固定可靠。所有侧墙
30、声导管安装时型声导管与侧墙呈45角（仰角45），Y型声导管则仰角为30角，以避免运行时积灰堵塞声导管通道，影响准确报警。声导管与侧墙相对位置见图1.4左图。Sound meatus and enclosure-wall are full weld, fixed and credible. All angels between J-sound meatus and sidewall are 45o （elevations are 45o）, elevation angle between Y-sound meatus and sidewall are 30o, in order to avoid
31、 ash blocking sound meatus and affecting accurate alarm, see figure 1.4 on the left.（2）侧包墙声导管安装方法：（2）The method of installing sound meatus on side-enclosure-wall：侧包墙过热器声导管安装方法基本与图1.4相同，鳍片开孔为一椭圆孔，与护板满焊。The method of installing sound meatus on side-enclosure-wall super-heater is basically the same as figure 1.4, fi
