1、writing notice and vocabulary Formal Informal approximately inquire ascertain obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize AboutAskfind outreceivehelpsharebuildbuygiveenoughharduse(3) Wordy Concise1. We would like to please2. For the month of August for August
2、3. Pursuant to the end of this week now4. A long period of time a long time5. At this time now6. Is at this time is7. The weight was higher than the weight was greater than8. I expected it to be expected9. During the year of 1995 during 199510. For the development of for developing11. In the city of
3、 Dallas in Dallas12. The problem was that the car would not the car would not start start13. Square in shape square14. in accordance with your request you requested15. Sign on the front of this form sign this form16. During the time that while17. Consensus of opinion we agree18. Remember the fact th
4、at remember19, Held a meeting met20. this is the situation at this time nowDelete not important word 1. as soon as possible by July 102. as you indicated in your letter as you indicated3. at all times always4. at this time now5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on Febr
5、uary such time as the new form is available 6. despite the fact that despite7. for the month of April for April8. for obvious reason that because9. I would ask that you pleaseI0. in conjunction with with11. in the mere recent past recently12. in the unlikely event that if13. in the unlikely event th
6、at I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meeting be on time, please delay the meeting14. in view of the fact that because15. it will be greatly appreciated if you please16. our production of the new product will production will begin on July 1 commence on July 117. please be advised that we
7、expect you to please review the contract review the enclosed contractClarity ConcretenessA. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance. These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible. Please delive
8、r the equipment to our company before next Friday.C. She is a fast typist. She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.You-AttitudeWriter emphasis: We are shipping your order on Friday.Reader emphasis: You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.Writer emphasis: To reduce our costs, we a
9、re changing the billing system.Reader emphasis: To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis: I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.Reader emphasis: Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis: We regret that you close
10、d your account with us a week ago. We believe that people may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have a good credit among our customers.Reader emphasis: A week ago you closed your account with us. Whatever the reason, we are pleased to have played some small part in your program. Y
11、ou are cordially invited to use our other services as occasion may require.Avoid negative wordingNegative Wording: The office is closed after four Oclock,Positive Wording: The office is open until four Oclock.Negative Wording: When I received your complaint, I checked our records.Positive Wording: W
12、hen I received your letter, I checked our records.Negative Wording: Because you failed to connect the cable, the picture was blurred.Positive Wording: The picture was blurred because the V-2 cable was not connected to the terminal.Negative Wording: You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:
13、 Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording: The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording: Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of our December meeting. Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording: Your letter was not clear.Positive
14、 Wording: I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.（一）连贯 (coherence) 常见连接词有：1表示罗列增加First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finallyFor one thing for another,On (the) one handon the other hand,Besides / whats more / i
15、n addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,2表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as
16、 soon as, the momentform now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as during,3表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually4表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary,
17、on the otherhand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,5表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor6表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), oth
18、erwise, sothat, suchthat7表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless8表示让步关系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)9表示举例for example, for instance, such as, take for e
19、xample10表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)just like, just as,11表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,12表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,13表示概括归纳in a word, in short,
20、 in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,（二）衔接 (cohesion)1返指（referring back）例：Davis opened a door. “Here is your room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy.” He picked a di
21、rty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer.The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by.I held her very close. My cheek was against hers.例：The women were asked to leave. Some of them refused.The earth
22、quake killed 24,000 people and insured 77,000.例：A man and a woman were struggling up the dune. The man wore shorts. The woman wore a print dress.2预指（referring forward）有多种方法可用来指代将要提及的事务。例如：This chapter will follow the same pattern as the previous one.In the next chapter, we will examine this theory i
23、n detail.The overlap can be seen in the table below.3省略（Ellipsis）例如：They can distinguish finer detail than we can.例如：They would stop if they could.I never did go to Stratford, although I probably should have.例如：I think we want it more than they do.例如：At last he agreed to do what I asked him to.征求意见类
24、You are a Project Team Leader. You have had to postpone your next project meeting because some of the members of your team will be abroad. Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team: informing them of the postponing and giving the reason stating a new date and time for the meeting requesting s
25、uggestions for the agenda. Write on your Answer Sheet.I am writing to inform you that the next project meeting will be postponed. Because several team members will be abroad for another project, we will hold our next meeting on 1 August, starting from 9am. Please let me know if you have any suggesti
26、ons as to the agenda of the meeting.例题You have lost your calculator, and you want to order a new one. You need to make a written request to your supervisor, Ann Ray.Write a memo to her saying that you need a replacement explaining what happened to the old one 发挥点 asking her to approve the requestWri
27、te about 40-50 words.范文I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator. I found the old one missing after the client meeting yesterday. As a calculator is essential to my daily work, could you kindly approve this request?例题You would like to go to a seminar on presentation skills.Write an email to
28、 your line manager: requesting time off work to go to the seminar saying when the seminar is explaining why you want to goWrite 40-50 words on a separate sheet.To: Nick JohnsonSubject: Presentation Skills SeminarI would like to attend a seminar on 3 April.It is about presentation skills. Since I hav
29、e to make many presentations to customers, this seminar will be very useful.Could you tell me if its possible to take time off work to attend this seminar?ThanksAngela例题Your companys Sales Department has asked you to give a talk next Friday on your most recent project.Write an email to Mrs Jay in th
30、e Sales Department: agreeing to give the talk and suggesting a time saying what equipment you will need requesting information about the participants.Write 40-50 words on a separate sheet.To: Anna JaySubject: Talk Next FridayI would like to give the talk suggested by you and I think 9.30am, after th
31、e break, would be the perfect time.Required equipment: - Overhead Project- Flipchart with PensPlease give me some information about the people participating.商务信函 信的开头：We are writing to enquire about 写信是询问关于We are writing in connection with 写信是关于 We are interested in and we would like to know 我们对感兴趣我们
