1、备考英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十六讲宾语从句原卷【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十六讲 宾语从句 原卷宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：语序、时态、连接词、否定前移和简化。 思维导图记知识点一、宾语从句的定义由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾
2、语从句和定语从句的简单用法。宾语从句二、宾语从句用法【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whether引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一
3、般往前移一个时间段。语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序三、宾语从句的引导词 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常省略。He knew (that) he should work hard.2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，If和whether起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。如： I dont know if/whether she will e here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。 注意：一般情况下，whether 和i
4、f 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifb. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.3宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。四、宾语从句的语序 1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他”。 特别强调：它的主语和谓
5、语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。 注意：有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：Whats wrong with.?Which is the way to.?What happened to you.?Whats the matter/trouble.?Who studies the hardest in your class? do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如： Who do you think he is
6、talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？2.由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。3.如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如： “Will you b
7、e free tomorrow？”She asked me. She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。六、宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。Please tell us where he is.He told me that he was preparing for the sports
8、meet.注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况： 主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。 主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
9、 She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。七、宾语从句的否定前移 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I dont suppose he w
10、ill e.我猜他不会来。 【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如： She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。八、宾语从句和状语从句的区分1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2) I dont know if the train has arrived.句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法：1
11、.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2. 从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是
12、第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变) “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句；主句是疑问句，用问。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont
13、 know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?九、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forge
14、t, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you
15、tell me how to get to the park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.考点一：考查连接词的用法典例1:（2018安徽省）39.I wonder _ Jane gets on so well with her classmates.Because she alw
16、ays cares much about others. A. whether B. how C.when D.why【答案】D【解析】句意：我想知道为什么Jane与它的同学相处的那么好。-因为她总是关心在意别人。Why表示原因，故选D。举一反三（ ）1.Yes. Just as President Xi says, “Happiness is achieved through hard work.”A. how we can find happiness B. who can help achieve happiness C. why happiness is so important （
17、）2.（2018河北省）35. Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us _?-Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A. which was the way to the station B. why we should meet at the station C. when we should get to the station D. who we should meet at the station 考点二:语序典例2:（ ）（2018四川宜宾）Do you know ?A. how old is he B. ho
18、w old he is C. he is how old【答案】B【解析】句意：你知道他多大了吗？根据疑问词引导的宾语从句，用陈述句语序；故选B举一反三（ ）1.(江苏省 宿迁市2018)14. -Could you tell me_?-In five minutes, at 10: 25.A. when did the next underground arrive B. when the next underground arrivedC. when will the next underground arrive D. when the next underground will arr
19、ive（ ）2.（2018 北京）12. -Alice, could you tell me London? -Sure. Last SundayA. when Mr.Smith left B. when Mr.Smith wi11 leave C. when did Mr.Smith leave D. when will Mr.Smith leave考点三:时态典例3:（2018 河南省）34.Excuse me.Do you know_?Sorry, I dont know, either.A.how to check out a book B.when will the concert
20、beginC.That there is a bank near here D.How long the meeting would last【答案】A【解析】本题宾语从句。宾语从句后用陈述语序,所以排除B,根据语境“不好意思,你知道.”“不好意思,我也不知道”可知属于情景交际,正在进行,D出现 would属于过去将来时,排除D,that引导的是陈述意义的句子,本题是疑问句,排除C,宾语从句可以与疑问词+动词不定式进行转化,故选A举一反三（ ）1.（2018重庆）35. - Could you please tell me _?- In two weeks.A. when did he e b
21、ack B. how soon will he e backC. when he came back D. how soon he will e back（ ）2.(2017江苏盐城 13)Today is Fathers Day，Im thinking about _.A. what present I gave my father B. if I planned a party for my fatherC. how I can give my father a surprise D. where will my father and I have a big meal（ ）3. (201
22、7北京 30)Judy，could you tell me _ the schoolbag?Oh，yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet.（ ）4. (2017江苏镇江15)How is your May Day holiday，John?Not bad. You seem so happy. Could you tell me _？A. what place you have been to B. if you visit your grandparentsC. who did you spend the holiday with D. tha
23、t you watched a football match （ ）1.（2018 南京）14. Which of the following sentences has an object clause?A. His mother called him Robbie when he was a babyB. On Mars you might see people who wear special bootsC. Mr. Green tells us that wed better use the Internet properlyD. Our life has improved becau
24、se the environment is getting better.（ ）2.（2018江苏省连云港）14. Do you know ?On July 15th. So after the exam, you can enjoy most of the matches.A. when will the 2018 Football World Cup end B. when the 2018 Football World Cup will endC. where will the 2018 Football World Cup be held D. where the 2018 Footb
25、all World Cup will be held（ ）3.（2018 四川乐山）15. Could you please tell me _?Of course. About ten minutes ride.A. how far is it from the school B. how far it is from the school C. how often you go to the school（ ）4.(2018北京) 30. Judy, could you tell me _ the schoolbag. Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on
26、the Internet. A. where did you buy B. where will you buy C. where you bought D. where you will buy （ ）5.(2018海南)40. I wonder _ . Under the tree, I guess.A. where will Uncle Liang park his car B. where Uncle Liang will park his carC. how Uncle Liang will park his car （ ）6.(2018贵州黔南州)34. Ann, could yo
27、u tell me _ yesterday?Oh, I went to the supermarket for shopping near my home.A. where did you go B. when you went C. who you will go with D. where you went（ ）7.(2018贵州六盘水)Do you know _ at this time last night? Sorry, I dont know.A. what she is doing B. what she was doing C. what is she doing D. wha
28、t was she doing（ ）8.(2018贵州安顺) 34. We can use VQR code(二维码）to find information on the cell phone now. Really? Can you show me it?A. how I can use B. how can I use C. why can I use D. what I can use（ ）9.（2018广西贵港）44.Could you tell me _? Sure. A story book. A. when did your friend give it to you B. wh
29、at did your friend give you C. how your friend got to the supermarket D. what your friend gave you （ ）10.(2018重庆B卷)38.I cant see_ on the blackboard. May I borrow your notebook?Sure. Here you are.A. what our teacher wrote B. what did our teacher write C. why our teacher wrote D. how did our teacher w
30、rite（ ）11.(2018内蒙古呼和浩特)12. Could you tell me _?By searching the Internet. A. how did Carl get the news B. why Carl got the news C. how Carl got the news D. why did Carl get the news （ ）12.(2018湖南郴州)30.Do you know ?Oh, she lives in London.A. where does Jane live B. where Jane lives C. where Jane live
31、（ ）13.（2018湖北孝感）35. Could you please tell me _ get to Xiaogan East Station?You can take the No. 2 Bus over there.A. when we can B. how we can C. when can we D. how can we（ ）14.(2018湖北武汉)40.Id like to know _ for the party.I have no idea.A. why did she buy so little food B. what she has prepared C. whether will she dance D. when is she leaving（ ）15.（2018湖北鄂州）Do
