1、高考阅读训技巧及训练题有答案阅读技巧训练（一）猜测词义猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解，是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。高考真题展示 2006年全国卷II took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of car. I stopped and wondered what I shou do. 61. The words “took off”underlined in paragraph 2 mean _ A. t
2、urned offf B. moved off C. put up D. set up 2006年北京卷We couldnt afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work. I had no money for school supplies and often couldnt even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teachers words muffled as I
3、 tried to figure out how I was going to manage. 61. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A. Kerrel couldnt understand her teacher.B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing.C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson.D. Kerrel was too tired to hear her teachers words.猜测词义题常见的解题方法：（一
4、）上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 根据I dont like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答
5、案D。练习：（1）A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. （2）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing. （3）All the houses in th
6、e city collapsed during the earthquake. （4）For people who live within a stones throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable. （5）The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be
7、seen for miles and miles. 答案：（1）五金店（2）温和的（3）坍塌（4）一步之遥（5）大火灾（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, torefer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。如：Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies
8、(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.分析：such as后所列举物品均为“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思相同，和后面的passengers形成对比。练习(1)Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.（2）The best football, basketball and t
9、ennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play. （3）Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. （4）The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.
10、（5）Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. （6）A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. 答案：(1)商店里偷东西的人（2）职业的（3）盗窃癖（4）左撇子“的”（5）久坐的（6）症状（三）. 根据反
11、义词或反义关系 有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, intead of, rather than等信息词。如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the r
12、everse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.分析：由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。练习：1.Unlike the Unite States where many differ
13、ent nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous.2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.答案：1.单一民族的 2。慌张 3。
14、不同意 4。 不英俊(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。如：Millions of animals die each year on Us roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the Us today. The main reason? Roadkill.分析：从后面的同位语an endangered wild cat 可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫
15、练习：1.Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.1 We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.2 Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched, very
16、unhappy.答案：1。大厦 2。 粗俗的，庸俗的（五）利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。如：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.分析：通过后面的例子：英语世界、中小学外语教学、英语学习，可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”练习： Many United Nations emloyees are polyglots: M
17、r.Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently. The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-Deluxe Sedans, Minivans, Station Wagons, Coaches, Santana Sedans are the big favorite. When writing an article, we often use similes, such as “brave as
18、 a lion” and “quick like lightning”.答案：1。通晓多国语言 2。各种不同种类的出租车名称 3.明喻（六）根据构词法猜测词义阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析：antipoison 是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对
19、、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。练习：1.Iran quake leaves city flattened.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?3.The aging of population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine and business.答案：1。被夷为平地 2。 画出一幅画
20、3。老化 实战练习 2006年安徽卷 Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.64. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions_. A. are cr
21、uel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat2006年上海卷 Analyzing the law of the talion-an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth-William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.” 73. The word “talion” in in
22、troducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of_.A. medicine B. trade C. avenging D. striving2006年天津卷 Some children are natural-born bosses.They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. “Examine the extended family, and youll probably fi
23、nd a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. Its an inheritable trait,” said Russell Barkley, a professor 44. The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means _. A. inborn nature B. developed character C. accepted theory D. particular environment 2006年湖南卷When she
24、was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.71. The underlined sentence in Paragragh 1 means Sontag
25、_. A. was a symbol of American cultural life B. developed world literature, film and art C. published many essays about world cultureE. kept pace with the newest development of world cultureKeys: C C A D 阅读技巧训练（二）主旨大意题这类题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有： 1)
26、 Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? 2) What is the writer trying to tell us? 3) Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 4) The purpose of the passage is. 5) The main (general) idea of the passage is. 6) The passage is mainly about. 7) What is mainl
27、y discussed in the passage?这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。 主题句在整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用来阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主
28、题思想的，其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。 另外在许多文段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 Eg.1(05全国I) MONTREAL (Reuters) Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen 10,000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）rules.The expensive
29、trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.There are many such situ
30、ations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending chur
31、ch in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where a
32、n officer told him be had been caught on camera crossing the border illegally（非法）.Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint. Details for the “expensive tour
