1、英语语法句型篇英语语法句型篇目录基本句型：简单句&并列句 21简单句的构成 2简单句的五种形式 22并列句 3英语复合句 3定语从句 3A 定语从句的构成 3B 定语从句的分类 5C 定语从句的划分 6D 定语从句省略（分词作定语） 6名词性从句 71同位语从句：对前面名词的进一步解释 72宾语从句 83表语从句 94主语从句 9非谓语动词 10状语从句 111. 地点状语从句 112. 方式状语从句 123. 目的状语从句 124. 结果状语从句 135. 比较状语从句 136. 时间状语从句 14倒装 157. 条件状语从句 178. 原因状语从句 179. 让步状语从句 18as的用法
2、1810. 状语从句的省略 19基本句型：简单句&并列句1简单句的构成My father is listening to the popular music in the garden.The handsome boy is my brother.主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 表语 补语简单句的五种形式（1）主语 + 谓语 (不及物动词）；（2）主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语；（3）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 补语；（4）主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语；（5）主语 + 系动词 + 表语。谓语 实义动词1 及物动词 watch, see 不及物动词 sit 系动词 be动词；2
3、 一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste, smell等； He is crying. Parents watch TV every night. My father gave me some advice. We can make our country beautiful. The boy is the tallest in the class.2并列句两个简单句并列在一起， 中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。并列句不能只用逗号隔开， 而要用连接词连接。连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut alsoeg: L
4、ast year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型： 转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。主语 施动者或动作的主体宾语 受动者 通常主语和宾语由名词或代词构成 I love you.英语复合句定语从句用于关系词引导句子修饰名词
5、A 定语从句的构成定语从句的形式I know the girl.The girl comes from Beijing.I know the girl who comes from Beijing.定语从句三步骤 先找出两个句子中相同的名词 判断名词是人还是物，人who/that 物 which/that 将who/that/which引导的句子放于相同的名词后面I like reading books.The books were written by O. Henry.I like reading books which/that were written by O. Henry.不能用w
6、hich，只能用that1 前面的先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，the one， much，little等；eg： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lee has said ?2 如果先行词中出现了the only, the very等；eg： This is the only way that we can think out.3 如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级；eg： This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4 如果先行词中即有人，又有物；eg： Th
7、ey are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.1. 谓语动词（结构）和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密关系疏远look + for 寻找 关系紧密look + at 看 关系疏远2. 定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动；如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/ who的前面；This is the book which you are looking for.This is the book at which you ar
8、e looking.This is the book which you are interested in.This is the book in which you are interested.This is the book which you asked for.3. 关系代词和关系副词Beijing is the place.I was born in the place.-Beijing is the place which I was born in.-Beijing is the place in which I was born .定语从句中，如果介词+which表示地点，
9、则可以用where替换；Beijing is the place where I was born.eg:I cant forget the day.I join the army on the day.I cant forget the day which I joined the army.I cant forget the day on which I joined the army. (when)判断关系代词和关系副词的方法（1）不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都取决于从句中的谓语动词；若该谓语动词为及物动词，则一定使用关系代词；若该谓语动词为不及物动词，且其后没有介词，则一定使用关系副词
10、；eg：I will never forget the days _ I worked together with you. (on which/when)I will never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside. (which)（2）通过判断先行词在定语从句中的成分Is this the museum （that） you visited a few days ago? the museum：充当visit的宾语Is this the museum (in which/where) the exhibition was held?关系
11、代词: 前面句子里的先行词也要在后面的句子里充当主语或者宾语的成分；介词+which: 恰好表示时间和地点，可以替换成when，where这样的关系副词；B 定语从句的分类限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句(1) 非限定性定语从句：先行词（即名词）后有一个逗号；In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers who come from Australia.（限定性定语从句）In our school，there were 8 foreign teachers， who come from Australia.（非限定性定语从句）限定性定语从句：定语从句和关
12、系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变；非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义；I have a sister who is a nurse.I have a sister, who is a nurse.（2）非限定性定语从句：先行词是前面的整句话；eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.We will spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, w
13、hich was decided last year.This is the house, which we bought last month. 非限定性定语从句引导词which/as：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面；eg: Smoking is harmful to our heath, which we know.As we know, smoking is harmful to our heath.eg：Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise .A. It B.
14、 that C. as D. whichC 定语从句的划分There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk wit
15、h others or be absent-minded.The police explained that the difficulties which they faced were too severe.D 定语从句省略（分词作定语）关系词充当宾语的时候I know the boy who the teacher praised just now.The police explained that the difficulties which they faced were too severe.关系词充当主语The first thing needed for innovation i
16、s a fascination with wonder.Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic.Career experts say that one of the ways (that) job seekers can stay safe while using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their ident
17、ities.职业专家说求职者用因特网找工作时保持安全的一个方法是隐瞒其真实身份。That are causing companies to Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic personnel shortages search beyond their home borders for talent.Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year t
18、o study abroad has grown at annual rate of 3.9 percent, form 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句；定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子，且在句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等成分；1同位语从句：对前面名词的进一步解释I know the man, the president of the New Oriental School.英语中的简单句：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句。 Eg： He is a student.Are you
19、 a student?Who is a student?同位语从句：关系词不再和前面的名词有关系，而是取决于后面的从句；eg： I know the fact.He is a student.I know the fact that he is a student.eg： I have a question.Are you a student?I have a question whether you are a student.eg： I have a question.who is a student?I have a question who is a student.同位语从句的构成1
20、 从句仍然接在名词之后，名词有可能为answer，belief，concept，explanation，fact，hope, message, news, promise, question, thought等形式：名词+从句；连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式；如果是陈述句，直接加that引导；一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上whether或者if；特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序；The news soon spread the whole school.They had won the game.The news that they ha
21、d won the game soon spread the whole school.定语从句与同位语从句的区别That在后面的从句中充当成分，为宾语从句，不充当成分，为同位语从句。区分：The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.The suggestion that she has given in the meeting is good.The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral
22、climate, says this ethics professor at the University of Chicago, is the reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.2宾语从句从句部分的连词取决于从句时一般疑问句、特殊疑问句还是陈述句；eg：We must find out who did all these.I want to know weather he will come.I hope that he will come.宾语从句的时态：如果宾语从句前的动词是过去式，则宾语从句的时态
23、应相应变成过去时态；例如 My teacher told that we would go there.如果宾语从句是客观事实或真理，不管宾语从句前的动词时什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时；例如My teacher told that the earth is round.宾语从句后接陈述句用that引导，that一般可以省略,例如 I think (that) you are right.宾语从句如果谓语动词是doubt，后面接的一般疑问句通常用whether或if引导；如果前面的谓语动词是dont doubt，则后面从句的连接词一定是that；宾语从句如果谓语动词是wonder，句型为I
24、wonder if，后面的连接词不能用whether；宾语从句的否定转移：think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式；3表语从句若从句为陈述句，直接加that；若从句为特殊疑问句： 直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序；若从句为一般疑问句： 先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上whether或者if；China is no longer what she used to be.The question is who is responsible for
25、 what has happened.（2002 text3） One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that it hasnt occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.（2000）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams.4主语从句That the colle
26、ge will take in more students is true. Weather he will come or not hasnt been decided. Why he isnt here is not clear to everyone.it 做形式主语的情况（1）It is+名词+主语从句；eg：It is a pity that you should have to leave.（2）It is+形容词+主语从句；eg： It is clear that the whole project is due to failure.如果是 It is necessary /i
27、mportant /strange /natural + that 引导的主语从句，从句中的谓语动词一定要用should+动词原形；eg： It is necessary that one should master the skills of operating computer.(3) It is+过去分词+主语从句；It is said /planed/expectedeg： It is said that President Bush will visit our school next week.(4) It +不及物动词+形容词表语形式+主语从句eg： It seemed cert
28、ain that he will win the prize.从句判别Whether she will come or not is unknown.It is unknown whether he will come or not.I dont know whether he will come or not.The question is whether he will come or not.The question whether he will come or not is not settled._(很多人没有意识到的)is that Simon is a lover of spo
29、rts , and football in particular .（What many people dont realize）In my sixties, one change I notice is _ (我比以前更容易累了).(that I feel tired more easily than before)Your resume should attract a would-be bosss attention by demonstrating _ (为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选).(why you would be the best candidate for a certa
30、in position)Since my childhood I have found that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).(nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than reading) A great many people hold the idea _. (中文学起来其实很有趣)(that Chinese is actually interesting to learn)非谓语动词作主语作表语作宾语（1）to do(2) + doingacknowledge，admit, advocate, appreciate, avoi
31、d, enjoy, delay, escape, deny, consider, mind, miss, finish, resist, imagine, postpone, practice, suggest, prevent, keep, quit(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1) forget 2）stop 3）remember 4) regret 5）try 6) mean(4) + do1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到 watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知notice注意 see看见hear听On seeing the young ch
