1、北京外国语大学英语语言文学应用专业基础英语样题北京外国语大学2011年英语语言文学专业 基础英语试卷（样题）Part I GRAMMARA 、Correct ErrorsThe passage contains ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:b5E2R。For a wrong w
2、ord, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.p1Ean。For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a and write the word which you believe is missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.DXDiT。For an unnecessary word, cros
3、s the unnecessary word with a slash /and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.RTCrp。The elderly who finds great rewards and satisfactions (1)_5PCzV。In their later lives are a small minority in this country. But theyjLBHr。Do exist. They are the aged elite. It is most striking abo
4、ut these (2)_xHAQX。People is their capacity for growth. When Arthur Robinson wasLDAYt。Eighty, someone told him that he was plying piano better than (3)_Zzz6Z。Ever. I think so, he agreed. Now I take chances I never tookdvzfv。Before. I was used to be so much more careful. No wrong notes. (4)_rqyn1。Not
5、 too bold ideas. Now I let go and enjoy myself and to be with (5)_Emxvx。Everything besides the music. Another reason for the success ofSixE2。The aged elite are the traits they formed earlier in their lives. A (6)_6ewMy。Sixty-eight-year old woman, three times married and widowed, kavU4。Says, Its not
6、just what you do when youre past sixty-five. Its what y6v3A。You did all your life which matters. If you have lived a full life, (7) _M2ub6。Developed your mind, you will be able to use it past sixty-five.0YujC。Along frankness comes humor. A sense of humor is an (8)_eUts8。aid people use to cope with t
7、ension. Humor, says Dr. Barren, sQsAE。also leads you to join with other people. There are two ways toGMsIa。Deal with stress. We either reach out or withdraw. The reachers (9)_TIrRG。seek out other people to share their problems instead of pulling7EqZc。away. Growing, active, humorous, sharing - these
8、are all qualitieslzq7I。which describe the aged elite. (10)_zvpge。Part II READING COMPREHENSIONB. Multiple ChoicePlease read the following passages and choose A, B,C or D to best complete the statements about them.NrpoJ。The Perils of EfficiencyThis spring, disaster loomed in the global food market. P
9、recipitous increases in the prices of staples like rice (up more than a hundred and fifty per cent in a few months) and maize provoked food riots, toppled governments, and threatened the lives of tens of millions. But the bursting of the commodity bubble eased those pressures, and food prices, while
10、 still high, have come well off the astronomical levels they hit in April. For Americans, the drop in commodity prices has put a few more bucks in peoples pockets; in much of the developing world, it may have saved many from actually starving. So did the global financial crisis solve the global food
11、 crisis?1nowf。Temporarily, perhaps. But the recent price drop doesnt provide any long-term respite from the threat of food shortages or future price spikes. Nor has it reassured anyone about the health of the global agricultural system, which the crisis revealed as dangerously unstable. Four decades
12、 after the Green Revolution, and after waves of market reforms intended to transform agricultural production, were still having a hard time insuring that people simply get enough to eat, and we seem to be more vulnerable to supply shocks than ever.fjnFL。It wasnt supposed to be this way. Over the pas
13、t two decades, countries around the world have moved away from their focus on food security and handed market forces a greater role in shaping agricultural policy. Before the nineteen-eighties, developing countries had so-called agricultural marketing boards, which would buy commodities from farmers
14、 at fixed prices (prices high enough to keep farmers farming), and then store them in strategic reserves that could be used in the event of bad harvests or soaring import prices. But in the eighties and nineties, often as part of structural-adjustment programs imposed by the I.M.F. or the World Bank
15、, many marketing boards were eliminated or cut back, and grain reserves, deemed inefficient and unnecessary, were sold off. In the same way, structural-adjustment programs often did away with government investment in and subsidies to agriculturemost notably, subsidies for things like fertilizers and
16、 high-yield seeds.tfnNh。The logic behind these reforms was simple: the market would allocate resources more efficiently than government, leading to greater productivity. Farmers, instead of growing subsidized maize and wheat at high cost, could concentrate on cash crops, like cashews and chocolate,
17、and use the money they made to buy staple foods. If a country couldnt compete in the global economy, production would migrate to countries that could. It was also assumed that, once governments stepped out of the way, private investment would flood into agriculture, boosting performance. And interna
18、tional aid seemed a more efficient way of relieving food crises than relying on countries to maintain surpluses and food-security programs, which are wasteful and costly.HbmVN。This marketization of agriculture has not, to be sure, been fully carried through. Subsidies are still endemic in rich count
19、ries and poor, while developing countries often place tariffs on imported food, which benefit their farmers but drive up prices for consumers. And in extreme circumstances countries restrict exports, hoarding food for their own citizens. Nonetheless, we clearly have a leaner, more market-friendly ag
20、ricultural system than before. It looks, in fact, a bit like global manufacturing, with low inventories (wheat stocks are at their lowest since 1977), concentrated production (three countriesprovide ninety per cent of corn exports, and five countries provide eighty per cent of rice exports), and few
21、er redundancies. Governments have a much smaller role, and public spending on agriculture has been cut sharply.V7l4j。The problem is that, while this system is undeniably more efficient, its also much more fragile. Bad weather in just a few countries can wreak havoc across the entire system. When pri
22、ces spike as they did this spring (for reasons that now seem not entirely obvious), the result is food shortages and malnutrition in poorer countries, since they are far more dependent on imports and have few food reserves to draw on. And, while higher prices and market reforms were supposed to brin
23、g a boom in agricultural productivity, global crop yields actually rose less between 1990 and 2007 than they did in the previous twenty years, in part because in many developing countries private-sector agricultural investment never materialized, while the cutbacks in government spending left them w
24、ith feeble infrastructures.83lcP。These changes did not cause the rising prices of the past couple of years, but they have made them more damaging. The old emphasis on food security was undoubtedly costly, and often wasteful. But the redundancies it created also had tremendous value when things went
25、wrong. And one sure thing about a system as complex as agriculture is that things will go wrong, often with devastating consequences. If the just-in-time system for producing cars runs into a hitch and the supply of cars shrinks for a while, people can easily adapt. When the same happens with food,
26、people go hungry or even starve. That doesnt mean that we need to embrace price controls or collective farms, and there are sensible market reforms, like doing away with import tariffs, that would make developing-country consumers better off. But a few weeks ago Bill Clinton, no enemy of market refo
27、rm, got it right when he said that we should help countries achieve maximum agricultural self-sufficiency. Instead of a more efficient system, we should be trying to build a more reliable one.mZkkl。(1)What can be learned from the first paragraph?A Global financial crisis destablized governments.AVkt
28、R。B Food riots resulted from skyrockeing food bills.ORjBn。C Financial crisis worsens food crisis.D Food prices surged by 150% in April.(2)The food crisis revealed the global agricultural system as _.2MiJT。A fragileB unresponsiveC costlyD unbearable(3)According to the third paragraph, structural-adju
29、stment programs _.gIiSp。A intended to cope with poor harvestsB were introduced as part of market forces policiesuEh0U。C removed price controls and state subsidiesD encouraged countries to focus on food securityIAg9q。(4)The marketization of agriculture probably means _WwghW。A private investment flood
30、s into agricultureB market forces provide efficiency in agricultureasfps。C agricultural policy works with the free market systemooeyY。D agricultural production is free from government interventionBkeGu。(5)Which of the following is NOT a feature of the existing agricultural system?PgdO0。A Reduced gov
31、ernment spending.B Concentrated production.C Self-sufficiency.D Low wheat stocks.(6) Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedpartthe redundancies probably referto _.3cdXw。A High-yield seedsB Grain reservesC Cash cropsD Corn importsMinding the Inequality GapDuring the first 70 years of the 20th century, ineq
32、uality declined and Americans prospered together. Over the last 30 years, by contrast, the United States developed the most unequal distribution of income and wages of any high-income country.h8c52。Some analysts see the gulf between the rich and the rest as an incentive for strivers, or asjust the way things are. Others see it as havi
