1、完整版高中英语名词性从句及练习题高考英语一一名词性从句高中英语名词性从句是高考考查的重点，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语 从句。下面来进行讲解。名词性从句(1)主语从句1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成：关联词+简单句3引导主语从句的关联词有三类:从属连词that。女口： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblanee between them很明 显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如： Whether he II come here isn 他是
2、否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接畐词 where, when, how, why。女口： What she did is not yet kn ow n.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happe ned is not clear to anyon e.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comesis welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家 -
3、我唯一 的家。解释：1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：A.It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她 考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everyth ing很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B.It+be+ 名词词组(n
4、o wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。如: It s a pityiat we can t g很遗憾我们不能去。 It s no surprise that our team should havewon the game我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C.It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arr
5、ived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It isreported that Chi na has sent ano ther man-made earth satellite into orbit 据报道中国又成功地发射 了一颗人造地球卫星。D.It+seem, happen 等不及物动词及短语 +that 从句。如：It seems that Alice is not comi ng to the party at all. Alice 似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出 了。E.It+doesn t
6、 matt(makes no differenee, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesn matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no differeneewhere we shall have the meeti ng我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以 it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scie ntist will give us a lecture n ext week?下周那位科学家将给我们作报告 是
7、真的吗？ Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以 it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： Howstrange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2.注意连接代词 whoever, whatever, whichever 等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=theperson who)来的人将受到欢迎。 Whatever he did was
8、 right. (whatever=the thi ng that)他所做的事情是正确的。 Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=a nyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖名词性从句(2)宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾 语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可 以省略。例如：He said (that) he wan ted to st
9、ay at hom他 说他想呆在家里。She doesn t know (that) she is seriously她不知道她病得很严重。I am sure (that) he will succeed我 确信他会成功。2.由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接畐U词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语 从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you kn ow who (whom) they are waiti ng for?你知道他们在等谁吗?He asked whose han dwrit ing w
10、as the besttfc 问谁的书法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗?I don t know why the train is la我不知道火车为什么晚了。I cant imagi ne why he did that thing.我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till n ext mon th? 你知道我们为什么把运动会推 迟到下个月吗？以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为： why di
11、d he do that thing?和 Whyhave you put off the sports meet till next mon th?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它 变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost?这件衣服值多少钱？I want to know how much this coat costs我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。Where did you go yesterday?你昨天去哪儿了 ？Please tell me where you we nt yesterday 请告诉我你昨天去哪儿 了。当疑问代词 w
12、hat, who 在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以 当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。Whats wrong with you?怎么了 ？He asked the girl what was wrong with he. 他问这个女孩怎么回事了。Whats the matter?怎么了 ？He asked the girl what was the matter 他问这个女孩怎么了。What has happened to him?他发生什么事了 ？We want to know what has happe ned to him 我们想知道他发生了什么事。同类句
13、式还有： Who broke the window?谁打破的窗户？Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？What made him so an gry 什么使得他如此生气。3.由if或 whether引导的宾语从句。表示 是否”,二者通常可以互换。例如：Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。I want to know if (whether) he lives there 我想知道他是否住在这儿。He asked me whether (if) I could help him 他问我是否可以帮助他。但语义有点区别：1
14、)whethe强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；if只限于条件，常用于口语。例如: Write and tell me whether rm to come.请写信告诉我，我是否该来。Write and tell me if rm to come.如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给我了。）2） whethe可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是弓丨导条件状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。 例如：If you dont
15、go soon, you 如果你不.马上去就会迟到。当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是 be,则不论主语的人称和数，一律用were）,主句谓语动词用“would动词原形”例如：If every one in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved 如果每个国民都懂得急救 （的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。3） whether和if都可以与 or not连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而 whether与or not可连用，也可隔开。例如：Can you tell me whether
16、 or not the train has left?（二Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?） 你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗？I dont care if your car breaks dow n or not 我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。4） 下列情况，只用 whethe作引导词：引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：Whether he comes or n ot does nt concern m 他来不来与我无关。I am in doubt whether I ought to give this pla
17、 n my approval.我 决定不了是否该同意这项计戈 9。What I want to know is whether you can help me我 想知道的是你是否能帮助我。Whether we go or stay, the result is the sam不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。5） 与不定式连用:例如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse我 不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。6） 在介词后作介宾。例如：I am not in terested in whether you like the pla n or no我不在乎你是否
18、喜欢那项计划。4.think， believe，suppose, imagine，guess等表示认为”猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句1）否定转移在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中 的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。I dont thi nk the book is worth buyi ng .我认为这本书不值得买。I dont believe they have finished their work.我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。I dont suppose he cares 我猜想他们不会介意的。We dont expect they wi
19、ll have everything done 我们希望他们没有把事全做完。2)存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是 think， believe，suppose imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。You dont thi nk he can fin ish his work, do you?你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗 ？He does nt believe that we have come back does he?他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗 ？但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑
20、问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并 注意否定转移。I dont think you are an actor; are you?我认为你不是一个演员，是吗 ？I suppose you have bee n to Beiji ng have nt you ?我想你去过北京。是吗 ?另外，当think，suppose believe，imaging，guess这类表示 认为”、猜想”的动词作主句谓 语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。What do you think he is?你认为他是做什么的？How much time do you suppose I must spe
21、nd on it你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事 ？2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn 我听说錮理不容易。I think (that) you will like this school soon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？Please tell me when we have lthe meeting请告诉我我们什么时候开会。3.宾语从句的时态1.若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何
22、时 态。例如：We all know chicken cant swim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。Dont you thi nk Jim is speaki ng too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗?He says he will come back他 说他会回来。2 若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：Show me which picture is yours让我看看哪张照片是你的。Please tell us where we will go 请告诉我要去哪里。3.若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：I kn ew she had sw
23、ept the floor already我 知道她已经扫过地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday他 问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。4.若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用 一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sou nd老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得 多。They kn ew the sun is much bigger than the earth the他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多
24、，He said that one and one makes tw他说一加一等于二。名词性从句(3)表语从句1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.构成：关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that。没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不可省略。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address麻 烦是我把他的地址丢了。从属连词 whether, as, as if。女口： He looked just as he had looked ten years before.看起来还与十年前一样。The question is wheth
25、er they will be able to help us 问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if却可引导表语从句，如: All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词 be, seem, look等。女口： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, w
26、hoever, whatever, whichever连接畐【J词 where, when, how, why。女口： The problem is who we can get to replace herl问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morni ng on reach ing the attic那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。解释：1.连词because可引导表语从句。女口： I thi nk it is because you are doi ng too
27、 much 我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气 should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。名词性从句(4)同位语从句一、 含义在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用 that, whether, what,which, who, when, where, why, how 等词弓丨导，常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, prob
28、lem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidenee, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusic等扌由象名 词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关 系，对其内容作进一步说明。例: The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、 引导词1
29、.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分，只起连 接作用，不可省略)例: The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析: the soldiers should cross the river at oncei the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（ 不能引导同位语从句）例： Well discuss
30、the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加是否的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用 whether引导同位语从句。3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用 whe n, where, how等词引导同位语从句。例 1: I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意义
31、不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此 应用when引导同位语从句。例 2： I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he we nt home意义不完整，应加如何的含义才能表达impressio n的全部内容，因此 应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.三、同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从 句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导 词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从 句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词 be使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。女口： The report that he was going to resign was false.因为 the report was that he
