1、四级强化班阅读新题型模拟试题补充练习模拟试题二A Grassroots RemedyAMost of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country
2、. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doin
3、g so or not.BBut despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions ab
4、out what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.CThe truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHDattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those who
5、se accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.DA study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ab
6、ility than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.EAnother study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children cre
7、ate a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.FMost bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where th
8、ere is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunny hill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasizing about wildlife.GBut children are frequently
9、 discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.HOne of the great problems of modern childhood is A
10、DHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.IThe life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. Th
11、e increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.JIn wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surr
12、oundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.KDr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour
13、because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.LWe tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far
14、too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.MHuman beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the
15、natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.NWe need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being
16、, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.Five ways to find harmony with the natural worldOWalk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of th
17、e park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.PSit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit un
18、der a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.QDrink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.RLearn: Expand
19、 your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.STravel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills.
20、 Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。1. People can seek harmony with the natural world by taking trips.2.
21、 Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.3. We can help children with ADHD by providing more green spaces for them. 4. Elderly people enjoy a life of better quality from their contact with nature.5. Access to nature contributes to the reduction o
22、f violence.6. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.7. We would not be so civilized without the natural world.8. People instinctively seek nature in different ways. 9. Nowadays people think the things that are purchased are the best for their children.
23、10. A study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.模拟试题三How Do You See Diversity?AAs a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made di
24、rect eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.BHe had a perfect rsum and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. C“It wa
25、snt until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadnt known at the time of the interview was that the candidates “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a
26、household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting（避开） your eyes.D“I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.”EMany of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perc
27、eive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions.FAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biase
28、s（偏见） from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make.G“During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recr
29、uit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in t
30、he real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”HDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,” he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole
31、person, and being open to differences.” In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.I“I had a management position open in my department; and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best cand
32、idate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.” Dales assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organizations ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.J“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I n
