1、研究方法论文 贵 州 师 范 大 学硕士研究生学位（毕业）论文开题报告 论 文 题 目 A Comparative Study on Affective Intentions of Red in English and Chinese 研 究 生 姓 名 高亚坤 学 号 4201410000275 导师姓名、职称 习晓明 教授 培 养 单 位 外国语学院 专 业 外国语言学及应用语言学 研 究 方 向 语音学及音系学 贵州师范大学研究生院制年 月 日填表说明1. 签字处统一用黑色签字笔填写。2. 本表需双面打印，一式三份，一份（原件）报培养单位，指导教师及学生各留存一份。一、立论依据（选题的研
2、究意义、国内外研究现状分析）Color is a perception of people to the objective world. There are great numbers of color terms in human language recording our colorful word. These color terms are often used in human language and are endowed with rich emotional elements and cultural connotations as well as the affecti
3、ve and social significance. Inevitably, different connotations are added to colors. It cant be denied that all languages have rich and abundant color words, and for each language the color words carry specific meaning.G. Leech puts forward his famous “seven types of meaning” in his Semantics: The St
4、udy of Meaning in 1974. It is considered as one of the greatest linguistic works of the world. The seven types of meaning are conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflective meaning, collocative meaning and thematic meaning. Besides, connotative meaning, social
5、 meaning, affective meaning, reflective meaning and collocative meaning are also known as associative meaning. Although the basic meaning of a color term can be the same in two different languages, the semantic meaning and the referential meaning it bears in two different languages may not always be
6、 the same. As J. Lyons points out in his Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics published in 1977, the number of the named color terms is so limited in comparison to the visual light spectrum. It seems that the color terms we named are just small spots on the light spectrum. Since we use the limite
7、d terms to express such an extensive scope of colors, there must be some certain points by which we identify a color term one from another. Then comes J. Lyonss theory that due to the respective cultural and historical background and custom and tradition, the points by which we identify colors one f
8、rom another on the light spectrum can be different. There are also some famous domestic works focus on the study of comparison of color terms between Chinese and English. One of the greatest Chinese linguists Wu Tieping explains his idea about some general characters of color terms in different lang
9、uages in the famous Fuzzy Linguistics published in 1999. The author indicates that the basic meaning of a color term bears the same thing in different languages and the basic meaning of a color term is an indication of the color itself. The author gives some physical studies as evidences. The visual
10、 system by which people observe color has no physiological differences. That means people from various areas may have various thoughts but they have exactly the same ability in the recognition of colors. Wu Tiepings Fuzzy linguistics offers a basic point of view on color terms semantic meaning study
11、.There are also some works focusing on the social and historical factors. These factors have an effect on the forming of the differences. In Culture and Translation which was published in 2000, the author Bai Jingyu points out that religious culture and spirits have a great effect on the language of
12、 a country. In western countries, influenced by Christianity, white is thought to be the color of beauty, purity and loyalty. In Chinese, affected by Buddhism, white is always used to show respect to dead people. In “Color-terms and Expression of Culture Conception”, the author also mentions some fa
13、ctors about that. It indicates that political factors, custom factors and economic factors are also influential to the forming of the differences. The work also shows that each of the nations has its own points of view on color terms which bear vivid characteristics of its own national culture. That
14、 is to say, the same color under different cultures may bear different meanings from each other.Based on the theories put forward by Wu Tieping, J. Lyons and Leech, many linguists are trying to sum up all the meanings a color can bear. As the research goes on, we may find that color terms may have t
15、he meaning more than just as an indication of itself. Yang Wenquan and Li Jing suggest the semantic and referential meaning of color terms in their “Color-terms and Expression of Culture Conception” published in 2003. The authors indicate that due to different language habits, historic backgrounds,
16、and traditional customs and so on, there are many differences in the use of colors and color words as well as in the understanding and meaning of the same color. Therefore, it is practically useful to know and study the differences, thus promoting the cultural communication and application practice.
17、 In Cultural Examination of Chinese Color Terms published in 2003, Luo Feng discusses the emergence and development of color terms in Chinese from different perspectives. They are mainly social cultural connotation of color terms in Chinese and relationship between color terms and Chinese traditiona
18、l culture. This book contains three chapters and is considerably valuable for researches on color terms in Chinese. It is worth mentioning that in chapter one the author discusses color terms relying on printing and dyeing technology and ceramic glaze which are the symbols of Chinese traditional cul
19、ture. Besides, through classification and summary of color terms in modern Chinese, the author states the close relation between connotation meanings of color terms and social cultural background. Published in 2003, the author Li Rushou offers a brief introduction on the associative meaning of words
20、 in his “Associative Meaning in Social and Cultural Perspective”. The author indicates that words sharing the same conceptual meaning may differ in associative meaning. Lots of linguists do a lot of works to explore the associative meaning in social and cultural content, analyse the differences of t
21、he associative meaning in English and Chinese words or phrases, in attempt to have a better understanding of the associative meaning, which, if not properly interpreted, may make communicative barriers or lead to communicative disasters. Color terms are indispensable in human languages. Because of t
22、he distinctions of cultural background and psychology, different nations have different associations and feelings to color words. With the development of society and evolution of history, color words not only have the basic conceptual meanings but also have deep connotative meaning. 二、研究方案1本研究的特色与创新
23、之处Although there are so many papers and works among the study of color terms both at home and abroad, most of the studies are from the aspects of the semantic meaning or connotative meaning of the color term. Based on the researches have been done in past studies, this thesis mainly focus on the dif
24、ferent affective intentions of the color term red in Chinese and English. This thesis mainly focused on the affective intention of the color term “red”. Affective meaning reflects the personal feeling of the speaker, including his attitude to the listener, or his attitude to the things he is talking
25、 about. In another word, what you are saying is what you are thinking. From the words one used to describe a certain thing, the listener or reader can tell the attitude or feeling the speaker holds to it. The use of color terms in ones expression can be a kind of description with obscurity. By using
26、 color terms in their expression, the speaker often, on purpose or not, hides and covers his attitude or feeling toward the topic. But, by studying the meaning behind the color terms, it can be easy for the listener to find out the real opinion the speaker holds. Due to the similarities and differen
27、ces of the ethnic culture background, especially the historical and the political background, the affective meaning the color term “red” bared can be similar as well as different, even opposite.2、研究目标、研究内容和拟解决的关键问题The aim of this thesis is to make a comparative study on the affective intentions of t
28、he color term “red” in Chinese and English. It also deals with the factors such as ethnic culture background, especially the historical and the political background, that leads to the different affective intentions of the color term “red” in two languages. The content of the study mainly refers to t
29、he corpora selected from the corpus both of English and Chinese including almost all types of text. Corpus refers to a collection or body of knowledge or evidence; especially a collection of recorded utterances used as a basis for the descriptive analysis of a language. In order to get a more specif
30、ic and accurate materials of this study, both of the written and spoken corpus should be taken as the resources of this research. The corpus should be classified under the guidance of the outline of the thesis.3、拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析This thesis will adopt content analysis as the method of researc
31、h. The resources of the study content are all from the corpus both in English and Chinese. Corpus analysis is the main resource of this study. The advantage of corpora is to make a large quantity of textual discourse available to searches for particular phenomena of interest. This advantage is espec
32、ially great for linguistic phenomena, as the topic of this thesis, whose frequency of occurrence or range of instantiations is the issue. Thus, corpus research can determine the frequency with which a particular expression is used in various contexts. Most lexical corpora today are part-of-speech-tagged. However even corpus linguists who work with unannotated plain text inevitably apply some method to isolate salient terms. In such situations annotation and abstraction are combined in a lexical search.The advantage of publishing an annotated corpus is that other users can
