1、文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响Influence of Cultural Differences in Intercultural Communication文化差异在跨文化交际中的影响Abstract Culture provides a common stage for people from different countries to understand each other, because it has the possibility to be understood by different peoples. In cultural aspect, due to the vari
2、ation in the historical development in China and America, great differences exist in their thoughts, values, beliefs and attitudes, which not only give rise to the misunderstanding in intercultural communication, but also pose headache to communicators who are trying to bridge the gap between the so
3、urce language and the target language. Yet since Chinas opening to the outside world, peoples from the two countries have get more chances to know each other better and narrow the gaps between the two nations. So with our efforts in grasping both cultures connotations, it will promote the intercultu
4、ral communication. On the basis of analyzing the differences of thoughts, values, beliefs and attitudes in China and America, this thesis just makes a brief study on the influence of cultural differences on intercultural communication and then try to find a fine solution to this problem.Key words: i
5、ntercultural communication； difference； connotation摘 要文化能够为来自不同国家的人民提供一个互相交流和理解的平台，因为它具有可以被不同的人理解的可能性。在文化方面，由于中美两国不同的历史发展过程，导致其在思维方式、价值观、处世态度和个人信仰诸多方面存在差异，这不仅使文化工作者在跨文化交流中容易产生误解，而且使得它们为弥补文化差异而付出的努力付诸东流。然而自从中国实行对外开放的政策以来，中美两国人民得到了更多的相互交流的机会，两国间的差距也日渐缩短。对我们而言，更多地关注两国文化的内涵，这将有助于两国人民的交流与学习。本文在分析两国人民思维方式
6、、价值观念、处事态度和个人信仰的差异的基础之上，探讨了文化差异给跨文化交流所带来的诸多影响，并试图找到一条能够沟通二者的渠道。关键词：跨文化交流；差异；内涵Table of Contents1. Introduction .1 2. The comparison between Chinese and English in culture .2 2.1. The different value.2 2.1.1.Different views on family.2 2.1.2. Different views on marriage .3 2.1.3. Different views on e
7、ducation.5 2.1.3.1. Concepts of education.5 2.1.3.2. Goals of education.5 2.1.4. Different views on life.7 2.2. The different beliefs.9 2.3. The different morality .10 2.3.1. Physical contact.10 2.3.2. Modesty.123.The importance of intercultural communication.134. Problems in daily intercultural com
8、munication.15 4.1. Daily greetings.15 4.2. Daily call.15 4.3. Thanks.16 4.4. Guests at dinner.16 4.5. Privacy.165. Conclusion.186. References .19Chapter I Introduction Culture in different countries has various explanations. However, its general meaning is the combination of native knowledge, experi
9、ence, value, attitude, grades, religious and so on, which lasts for a long time and keeps according, relates to the society or daily life and custom. It is reported that culture has been enchased into the neocortex, and become a kind of collective consciousness, nobody can diverge from it from born
10、to death. China is a country with five thousand years of history, and it has been in the process becoming a major economic and political power. America is the most developed country, and Western nations, particularly the United States, impose cultural values on the others through media and popular c
11、ulture. The West promotes its culture as having more worth, or being more correct, than other regions cultural values. With more people speaking English and following American ideals, cultural globalization doesnt really mean a matter of Westernization. Mutual communication is inevitable and of utmo
12、st importance. If we do not know the background of each culture, we cannot communicate well.Globalization has always existed, with global trade like the Silk Road, but in the 21st century it is much more pronounced than it ever was due to the rise of Internet and faster shipping methods. It helps th
13、e developing countries create more wealth by selling their goods and bringing in money from overseas.The exchange of information has made cultural barriers less distinct. More people are watching the same TV, listening to the same music and reading the same books than in the past. This makes people
14、less different from one another, which in turn makes it easier for people from different cultures to empathize each other.Analyzing the Chinese and the American cultures involves comparing and contrasting them, to find similarities and differences. Both cultures can seem different enough from each o
15、ther to make research difficult. By studying how Chinese and American cultures respond and have responded to each others influences, you can gain an appreciation of the national identity of each.Chapter II The Comparison between Chinese and English in Culture 2.1 The different value Traditional conc
16、eption of value is the center of culture, so it cant be avoided in communication. The formation of cultural value is a process of making decision and resolving conflict. This kind of value always teaches citizens the standard of how to judge the right and wrong, the good and bad, the true and false,
17、 and let them know what they should study, what shall be criticized, what shall be defended. While disciplines and laws cannot be the only element of a social system, its the value which promotes the establishment of the system. Even though we share some general values such as hardworking, honest an
18、d loyalty, due to the different evironment we live in, each country will have its featured values that we are different from any other country. 2.1.1 Different views on familyPerhaps, there is no other nation in the world loving their families more than Chinese. A family is quite particular for a Ch
19、inese. Since China is a country which agriculture had dominated the economy for thousands of years. There is more emphasis on the family as an economic unit, because most of the traditional Chinese families are self-supporting. Families generally maintain self-supporting family farms or businesses f
20、or more than one generation. In the past, the Chinese were accustomed and willing to stay together with the family. Settle down a place, and then live there, bear there, eventually die there; it appeared to be an endless circle of the Chinese life. They knew well their place they called home. A home
21、 for a Chinese, not merely is a house built with cement and wood, but also a world belonging to them only, offering choice, he would not leave his native place and folks. In a word, the primary responsibility of a Chinese family member is to advance the family as a group, both socially and economica
22、lly, and to maintain parental authority and childrens respect for parents. The viewpoint of Americans on family is quite opposite. Firstly, the American families are extremely mobile. In the US, every year about 40 millions Americans change residences. That statistic suggests that everyone moves eve
23、ry five or six years. There are some reasons to stimulate them to move so often: young people from farms and small towns come to the big cities for excitement and job opportunities. Couples with young children move from cities to suburbs to provide a safer, more spacious environment and a better sch
24、ool system for their children. Unlike the Chinese, they dont settle down in particular residence and stay there for many years. This shifting around puts a great burden upon family members sharing one household. They must supply the psychological support that can be provided by a much larger family,
25、 but many nuclear families fail to do it. So sometimes Americans admire the warm support from the stable family: East, west, home is best. Home is where the heart is. Secondly, the relation of the American family members contrasts with that of Chinese. The primary purpose of an American family is to
26、 advance the happiness, the equality and the freedom of individual members. Familys honor and unity are less important than that in Chinese society. Since equality of opportunity regardless of birth is considered as a basic American value, and also, the American desire for freedom from outside contr
27、ol clearly extends to the families, they dont like to have controls placed on them by other family members. What would be best for the family is not considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. In an American family, the democratic idea of equality destroys much of the par
28、ents status as ruler of the family and lessens the emotional distance between father and children. Americans are very independent, for instance, parents in American family seldom interpose what children are doing, they prefer to let their children develop themselves freely; on the contrary, this kin
29、d of attitude would be regarded as irresponsible in Chinese society. Unlike the Chinese, there is less formal respect for, and fear of, the father, but their is more affection expressed towards him: The master and constituted ruler have vanished, the father remains. On the other hand, some Americans
30、 are worried that there is too much democracy in the home. Some parents seem to have little or no control over the behavior of their teenage children, particularly after they turn 16 and get their divers license. 2.1.2 Different views on marriage As for marriage, the Americans think highly of love a
31、s its basis, so the American proverbs concerning love are affluent. Such as: Alls fair in love and war.The pain of love never runs smooth. Love and cough cannot be hid. One love drives out another. Love is the reward of love. Love is another of love. Above expressions show how Americans understand love
