1、教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点55教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点(5.4)（Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 5.4）Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 5.4Fourth section of middle school students personality develo
2、pmentI. personality overview(1) the concept of personalityPersonality is the organic integration of ones intellect, emotion, desire, values and habits of behavior, it gives people adapt to the unique environment of the organization mode, complex knowledge, emotion, consciousness and behavior is the
3、result of the interaction of heredity and environment, contains a past influence as well as of now and in the future the construction.(two) the basic character of personality; the integrity of 1. personalityA real person has many psychological factors and characteristics, such as intelligence, emoti
4、on, desire, values and habits, but they are not isolated, but closely linked and integrated into an organic organization. A real mans behavior is not only a specific part of the operation of the results, and always close contact with other parts of coordinated activities.2., the stability of persona
5、lityThe stability performance of personality into two aspects: one is the personality of the cross time continuity. In the different stages of life, personality continuity as the first manifestation of persistent self. The two is the cross situational consistency of personality. The personality refe
6、rs to stable psychological and behavioral characteristics of a person often expressed and the temporary, occasionally behavior does not belong to personality characteristics. For example, an outgoing students are not only good at communication in school, love friends, love in the school of communica
7、tion, love the party, although he occasionally keeps a certain distance with others, show a quiet mood.3., the uniqueness of personalityUnique personality refers to the psychological and behavior between people are different. The diversity of combination of personality structure, each persons person
8、ality has its own characteristics. In daily life, we can observe whenever and wherever possible to each persons actions are different from others, each person all have their needs, hobbies, cognition, emotion, volition and values.4., the social nature of personalitySocial personality refers to such
9、social animal become members of society. Personality is the unique social person. Personality is formed in the genetic and biological basis of individual, restricted by the individual biological characteristics. In this sense it can be said that personality is a comprehensive individual nature and s
10、ocial the people who meet the need of food. For example, the content and the way is affected by the specific social and historical conditions.Therefore, can be summed up: personality is a complex of characteristics of individual stable, showing a unique pattern of individual thoughts, emotions and b
11、ehaviors. This unique mode is the result of individual socialization, but also affect the interaction of the individual and the environment.(three) temperament and personalityPersonality is a concept of meaning is very rich, which includes the psychological characteristics of temperament and charact
12、er stability. Personality temperament is individual early in life to show the stability of individual differences, namely those of psychology and behavior by genetic and physiological characteristics of the decision. The concept and we usually say temperament, temper approximation.Pavlov according t
13、o the intensity of nervous process, balance and flexibility, the higher nervous activity type of animal and human beings into four kinds: excited, lively, quiet and restrained, and the corresponding is choleric and balgam, and depression.Types and characteristics of higher nervous activityTemperamen
14、t and personality are different. The main difference is: (1) temperament is determined by biological factors, can not be changed, and the essence of personality is formed by individual life experience, because experience and new change; (2) in the early stage have temperament appear, and personality
15、 appeared relatively late; (3) to observe the temperament in the animal body, and there is no animal personality; (4) temperament is revealed from the persons mood, speech and deportment in specific content, does not involve the behavior, and personality characteristics and behavior of the content m
16、ay be the relevant (such as academic trait anxiety); (5) the behavior of higher cognitive process control and personality related,It has nothing to do with temperament(four) character and personalityPersonal reality stable attitudes and habits of behavior is the character. In the external environmen
17、t especially under the influence of the social environment, the unique behavior patterns formed by the individual life practice, cognition, emotion and volition, is the persons character.Personality is the mode of existence of a person, is the product of individual genetic quality and environment in
18、teraction. Personality temperament is innate, is a natural expression of physical and genetic, it is difficult to change, no good or bad; the personality of the character is acquired, is the social and cultural patterns of engraving, is likely to change, there is good or bad.From the influence of pe
19、rsonality temperament. First of all, the formation of temperament will affect the individual character. Because the character directly depends on the nature and methods in education and social interaction. A variable temperament is the formation of personality in the early stages of individual devel
20、opment will emerge, which will affect the behavior of different parents or other people. The interaction of individual and social environment of different nature. Secondly, according to their own temperament can render dynamic character, so that the character has a unique color. For example, the sam
21、e character is helpful and sanguine in helping people often agility, emotion is apparent on the outside, the mucus quality may act calm, do not show emotion on the outside. Once again, temperament will also affect the character formation or transformation speed. For example, to the formation of self
22、-control, choleric people often need A great deal of effort and restraint is required, while a depressed person is more likely to develop without having to control himselfFrom the point of view of the character of temperament, personality can also hide or change the temperament to a certain extent,
23、so it is subject to the practice of life. For example, the Scouts must have a calm and brave personality. In strict military training practice, these forms may conceal or transform the choleric the character of impulsive and unrestrained temperament.Two, factors affecting personality developmentThe
24、formation and development of personality can not be separated from the relationship between innate heredity and acquired environment. Psychologists believe that personality is formed and developed gradually under the interaction of heredity and environment(I) biological genetic factorsBecause person
25、ality has strong stability characteristics, personality researchers pay more attention to the role of genetic factors. According to the existing research results, the role of heredity on personality is summarized as follows1. heredity is an essential factor in personalityThe extent of the 2. genetic
26、 factors on personality with personality traits are different. Usually in intelligence, temperament and biological factors of these traits, the more important the role of genetic factors; and the relationship between values and beliefs, personality and social factors closely traits, environmental ef
27、fects may be more important.3. the development of personality is genetic and environmental factors of two people. The result of the interaction of both biological properties, and has the social attribute. People in the embryonic state, the influence of environmental factors on the start, this effect
28、 will continue in ones life. The factor of environment is diverse, small family factors to social and cultural factors. Have an important effect on the formation and development of personality of these factors.(two) social and cultural factorsEveryone in the specific social and cultural environment,
29、 the cultural influence on personality is extremely important. Social culture personality of the members of the society, the personality structure of its members towards the direction of the development of this similarity, the similarity with the function of maintaining social stability, and that ev
30、ery person can be firmly embedded in the whole cultural form.(three) family environment factorsStudy on the causes of family personality, focusing on family differences (including family structure, economic conditions, living environment, family atmosphere etc.) and different parenting styles of per
31、sonality development and personality differences. The study found that authoritative parenting parents behave in their childrens education is too dominant,All the children by their parents to control growth. In this environment, children are easy to form the negative and passive, dependent, obedienc
32、e, weakness, lack of character initiative, sometimes forming personality dishonest. Indulgent parenting styles of parents of children over indulgence, let the children want parents to. Children sometimes appear out of control. The growth in the home environment in which children were willful, childi
33、sh, selfish, rude and barbaric, poor independence, outrageous nonsense. Parents and children democratic parenting styles in the family in an equal and harmonious atmosphere, parents respect the child, give the child the autonomy and positive guidance. This kind of parenting style can make children form positiv
