完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文.docx
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完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文
AnnualReviewsinControl31(2007)211一20
Futuretrendsinprocessautomation
HelsinkiUniversityofTechnology,LaboratoryofProcessControland
Automation,Kemistintie1,FIEspoo,Finland
Received27April2007
Accepted29August2007
Availableonline29October2007
Abstract
Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustriesrecent
years.Intheservestoenhanceproductquality,masterthewhole
rangeofproducts,improveprocesssafetyandplantavailability,
efficientlyutilizeresourcesandloweremissions.Intherapidly
developingcountries,massproductionisthemainmotivationfor
applyingprocessautomation.Thegreatestdemandforprocess
automationisinthechemicalindustry,powergeneratingindustry,and
petrochemicalindustry;thefastestgrowingdemandforisinthe
pharmaceuticalindustry.
Theimportanceofautomationtechnologycontinuestoincreasein
theprocessindustries.Thetraditionalbarriersbetweeninformation,
communicationandautomationtechnologyare,intheoperational
context,graduallydisappearing.Thelatesttechnologies,including
wirelessnetworks,fieldbussystemsandassetmanagementsystems,
boosttheefficiencyofprocesssystems.Newapplicationfieldslike
biotechnologyandmicrotechnologyposechallengesforfuture
theoreticalworkinthemodeling,analysisanddesignofcontrolsystems.
Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomation
requirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,are
presentedanddiscussed.
Keywords
Processautomation;
Futuretrends
1.Introduction
Thestartingpointsinassessingthefutureneedsforautomationare,
ontheonetheother,thewayinwhichtheyarereflectedinthe
developmentofsocietyandtheeconomy.Globalriskmanagementwill
attainevergreaterimportanceinthefuture.Inparticular,bettercontrol
andanticipationisneededinordertocontaintherisksrelatedtothe
economy,environment,energyandinfrastructure.Facedwithclimate
changeandagrowingscarcityofrawmaterials,theworldneedstofind
anddevelopnewenvironmentalandenergysolutions.Theworld'swater
supplyisalsoinneedofdevelopment.Internationalcompetitionand
globalbusinessenvironmentsreacheverywhere.Businessoperations
andcapitalmarketsaredynamic;theyseekenvironmentsthatofferthe
bestopportunitiesforsuccessinopencompetition.Inadditionto
businessandproduction,alsoR&Dseeksthebestpossibleoperational
environments.Economic,organizationalandtechnologicaltrendswill
causesignificantchangesinautomationtechnologyduringthenextfew
years.
Bydevelopingtechnologies,itispossibletofindsolutionstothe
basicneedsofsocietyandtheindustry.Thedevelopmentoftechnology
allofthecurrentcompetitiveadvantagesandtocreatenewonesinmany
newfields,thusfurtherimprovingprosperityandwell-being.The
developmentofofnewcooperationmodels:
networkingamong
businesscompanies,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,aswellas
decision-makersinthepublicsector.Atrans-disciplinaryapproache.g.
inmaterialsdevelopmentrequiresexpertiseinphysics,chemistry,
biomaterials,electronics,communications,programmingand
automation.
Globalizationalongbringswithitsocialchallengesandproblemsin
theinteractionbetweendifferentpopulationgroupsandcultures.The
growthofmulticulturalismrequiresnewmanagementpractices,
knowledgeofforeigncultures,andtheabilitytosupportandtake
advantageoftheexistenceofminoritiesanddifference.The
managementanddevelopmentofskillsandcompetencesina
decentralizedorganizationisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.
Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustry
recentyears.
Ittheentirechemical,oil,gasandbiotechnologyindustries.Innovative
instrumentation
systems
now
control
complex
processes,
ensuring
processreliabilityandsafety,andprovidea
basis
for
advanced
maintenance
strategies.
Incessant
cost
pressures
inthe
chemicaland
bioindustries
leavenoalternative
toimprovedproductivity.Companies
needtotake
a
engineering
will
play
acentral
role.Processcontrol
ensuresthattheplantassetscontinuouslyoperatepredictablywithinthe
mostprofitablerange,leadingtoagreateroutputofconsistentproducts,
reliability,yieldandqualityusinglessenergy.Thistechnologywilland
retrofittingactivitydesignedtoincreaseflexibility.
Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomation
requirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,are
presentedanddiscussed.Thepaperisstructuredasfollows:
InSection
2developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesup
until2010ispresented:
marketdevelopmentsbyindustries,regionsand
productandservices.InSection3futureautomationtechnologytrends,
liketheintegrationofproductionandbusinessoperationsandindustrial
communicationtechnologies,arediscussed.Thepaperendswithrecent
accomplishmentsandfutureapplicationtrendsinprocessautomation.
2.Developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesupuntil2010
2.1.Marketdevelopmentsbyindustries
AccordingtothereportbyIntechnoConsulting(Basel,Switzerland),
theworldmarketforprocessautomationwillgrowatanaverageannual
rateof5.1%between2005and2010toreach94.2billion$in2010.The
greatestdemandforprocessautomationisinthechemicalindustry,
powergeneratingindustry,andpetrochemicalindustry;thefastest
growingdemandforisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Theshareofin
individualapplicationsectors.
Fig.1.Developmentoftheworldmarketforprocessautomationupuntil
2010—segmentationbyindustries
2.2.Marketdevelopmentbyregions
NorthAmericaistheleadingmarketforprocessautomation.
Asia-PacificandEasternEuropearewinningmarketsharesfrom
WesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.Chinaisagrowingenginefor
automationinAsia,inspiteofitslowerlevelsofplantautomation.India,
too,isgainingmarketsharesworldwide.Inthe
servestoenhance
productquality,masterthewholerangeofproducts,improveprocess
safetyandplantavailability,efficientlyutilizeresourcesandlower
emissions.Intherapidlydevelopingcountries,masteringmass
productionisthemainmotivationforapplyingprocessautomation.
Qualityandenvironmentalaspectsare,
2000werefortheprocess
controllevel,and60.7%forthefieldlevel,includingallsensors,
measurementequipment,andactuatorsintegratedinthevarious
processtechnologicalmachines.By2010,theshareofcontrollevel
in
fieldbuscommunicationandEthernetTCP-IPcomponents.Theformeris
expectedtogrowatarateof8.2%year,andthatofthelattershouldbe
around17%.
Theshareofexternalengineeringdemandwillkeepincreasing
worldwide.Itisexpectedtorisefrom13.9%in2000to15.5%in2010.
Engineeringexpendituresareexpectedtofurtherincrease,especiallyin
thoseindustrieswithprototypeplants.Thetrendtowardsrationalization
andplantoptimization,accompaniedbyincreasedintegrationof
automationsystemswiththeinformationsystemsoftheproductionsite
andtheenterpriselevel,willfurtheraddtotheengineeringshareoutof
thetotalplantprojectcosts.
3.Futuretechnologytrendsinautomation
3.1.Currentstatusoftheindustrialcommunicationtechnologies
Evolutionofcommunicationtechnologieschangesinthestructure
ofindustrialautomationsystems.Upuntilnow,communicationsupportinplantautomationsystemsdefinedaccordingtothecomputerintegratedmanufacturing(CIM)concept.Inthissuchawaythateachdeviceis
designedforaspecifictask,andspecificnetworksareusedto
interconnectdevicesatthesamelevel,i.e.thoserunningthesametask.
However,thedevicesonefunction,ormodule,whichincreases
theintelligenceleveloftheequipmentautomation.Deviceslikesensors
thatusedformeasurementnowarchitecture.Nevertheless,the
mostoftheprocesscontrolstrategies.
Abriefsurveyofthemostimportantindustrial,low-layerprotocols
(referringtotheISOmodel)isgiveninthefollowing.Inaddition,some
currentlyessentialoremergingprotocols
Themostwidelyavailableindustrialnetworksatthepresenttime
canbeclassifiedintothreemaincategories:
traditionalfieldbusses,
Ethernet-basednetworksandwirelessnetworks.
Theworldwideleaderswithintheautomationdomainwithrespectto
thenumberofinstalledFieldbusnodesarenodes)andInterbus(about
7millionnodes).AgoodcommercialpositionisalsoFieldbus.Fieldbus
technologyindustrialautomation,andfulfillsthecurrenttechnical
requirementsoflocalindustrialcommunicationsatthefieldlevelofan
enterprise.
HARTandFoundationFieldbusthisdiagnosticcapabilitytothe
processsurroundingtheinstrument.Asthistrendcontinues,wewill
benefitfrompredictiveintelligence.Wewillknowmoreabouttheof
potentialproblemsandprofit-draininginefficiencies.Wewillmovefrom
abnormalsituationmanagementtoabnormalsituationprevention.
Theincreaseddatatransferneedsofthecurrentlypopularoffice
networktechnology–Ethernet-basednetworks–intoindustrial
environments.Severalorganizations(e.g.IAONA
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