英文科学报告被动语态的使用及翻译对比研究A Comparative Study on the Use of the Passive Voice in the EWord下载.docx
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英文科学报告被动语态的使用及翻译对比研究A Comparative Study on the Use of the Passive Voice in the EWord下载.docx
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由此,我们也试图从这一个侧面,寻找在翻译这两种差别巨大的语言时所应该遵循的一些几本原则。
对于不同的原文体裁,汉语在被动语态的翻译过程中的处理方式有所区别。
随着我国与世界经济技术体系接轨速度的加快,技术交流的深度和广度都大幅增加,科技类文章的翻译数量增长迅速。
为更有针对性地讨论被动语态的使用方式,本文主要讨论在科技性文章的翻译过程中被动语态的使用特点。
本文所引用的文章,包括著名物理学家斯蒂芬·
霍金的著作《时间简史》中的部分章节及其译文。
期望这样的研究能够改善我的翻译技能,并为我今后的翻译工作提供指导。
Abstract
Thetwolanguages,EnglishandChinese,haveagreatdifferenceonlinguisticandculturalbackground.ThepassivevoiceisanimportantexpressionbothintheEnglishandChinese.Butduetothehugegapofthelanguages,theusageofthepassivevoiceinthetwolanguagesdiffersobviously.Inthisarticle,firstwewillsumup什么意思?
thegeneralstrategyoftheE-Ctranslationofthepassivevoice.Second,sometypicalsourcetextsandtranslationsectionswillbequoted,andthepassivevoicesentencesinthemwiththeirtranslationwouldbepickedoutforanalyzingaccordingtothestrategiesabove.ThedifferentusageinEnglishandChinesewouldbecompared.Finally,wewilldiscussandevaluatesometranslatingruleswhichcouldbeusedtotranslatetheideaofthesourcelanguageexactly,andcouldbesuitabletothelinguisticandculturebackgroundofthetargetlanguageatthesametime.ThroughthediscussionIintendtoreachsomebasicandefficienttranslationregulationsofthetwolanguages.
Forthedifferentliterature,theE-Ctranslationofthepassivevoicemightbedifferent.Nowadaysasthecommunicationwiththeforeigncountriesoneconomicandtechnologyarebooming,agreatdealofforeignscienceandtechnicalmaterialshasbeenaskedtobetranslatedaswell.Sointhisarticleourdiscussionaboutthepassivevoicetranslationwillbefocusedonscienceandtechnicalreports.
Thematerialswhichwillbequotedincludingthefirstchaptersof‘ABriefHistoryofTime’,asciencereportfromthefamousphysicistStephenHawking.
Theresearch,asIexpect,mightimproveandstrengthenmytranslationskillandcouldbehelpfultomyfuturework.
TableofContents
1Introduction大写
2.RationaleofthePassiveVoiceTranslation
2.1TheDefinitionoftheVoice大写
2.2ComparativeResearchofPassiveVoiceinChineseandEnglish
2.2.1Thekeydifferenceofthepassivevoiceexpression
2.2.2Dominantandcovert
2.2.3Thecovertmeaningofthepassivevoice
2.3TheStrategyofE-CTranslation
2.3.1Thepassivevoiceistransformedtoactivevoice
2.3.2Keepthepassivevoice.
2.3.3Thepassivevoiceistranslatedtothehalf-covertpassivevoice
2.3.4FortheEnglishsentenceinthecovertpassivevoice
3DataAnalyzingwiththeTranslationStrategy
3.1MaterialsforAnalyzing
3.2AnalyzingfortheFirstMaterial
3.2.1Workingoutallthepassivevoicesentencesandthe
translationstrategy
3.2.2Translatingcharacteristic
3.3AnalyzingtheSecondMaterial
3.3.1Workingoutallthepassivevoicesentencesandthe
3.3.2Translatingcharacteristic
4TheAnalyzingResultsandaBasicRule
5.Conclusion,SignificanceandFeatureResearch
6.Bibliography
7.Appendix
7.1AppendixI:
AsectionofChapter2,ABriefHistoryofTime.
7.2AppendixII:
Chapter1,ABriefHistoryofTime.
AComparativeStudyontheUseofthePassiveVoiceintheEnglishScienceReportandTheirTranslation
1.Introduction
Thetwolanguages,EnglishandChinese,hasagreatdifferenceonlinguisticandculturalbackground.ThepassivevoiceisanimportantexpressionbothintheEnglishandChinese,butisthereanydifferentusageofthepassivevoiceinthetwolanguages?
Whatisanacceptedtranslation?
Isthereanybettertranslationstrategyandbasicrule?
Thispaperistryingtoseektheanswers.
Firstofall,wearegoingtocomparingthedifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesonthebasiclinguisticandculture.Ageneraldefinitionofthepassivevoicewillbequoted,andthecharacteristicsofthepassivevoicewillbegatheredandcompared.Fromtheanalysisoftheirgap,Itrytosumupthedifferentexpressionofthepassivevoiceinthetwolanguages.Then,agroupoftranslationstrategieswillbeaccumulatedfromsomespecialworksanddividedintoseveraltypesbasedonthediscussionabove.Thenextstepistoquotesomesourcematerialsandtheirtranslation.Thepassivevoicesentenceswillbeworkedoutandthestrategiesabovewillbeusedtoanalyzethetranslatingwayofthequotedtranslationmaterials.IsthepassivevoiceinEnglishtranslatedtothesamevoiceinChinesedirectly?
Ifnot,howmanyofthemcouldorshouldbetransformedtotheactivevoice?
Whatarethemainfactorsthatcouldcausethevoicechange?
Isthereanyruleinthisprocess?
Theinducingisanefficientwaytocarryoutsucharesearchbasedonsomequoteddata.TheanalysisdatawillbesummedupandIamgoingtoworkoutsomeacceptedrulesonpassivevoicetranslationfinally.
Ofcourse,thebiggersizeandthegreatervarietyofthequotedmaterials,themoreaccurateandbetterqualitytheresultsare.Butcomparedwiththelimitedresult,theresearchprocessismoreimportant,especiallyforalearner.ThesourceEnglishmaterialsinthispaperare用复数quotedfromthescienceandtechnicalrepots,asthesciencereportisthoughttoincurmoreusesofthepassivevoiceingeneral.
2.1Thedefinitionofthevoice
Ingeneral,thevoicereferstotheactionrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandobjectinasentence.Thevoicecouldbeclassifiedintotwotypes,theactivevoiceandthepassivevoice.Ifthesubjectistheactor,thevoiceofthesentenceisdefinedastheactivevoice.Otherwiseifthereceiveroftheactionisthesubject,thevoiceofthesentenceisdefinedasthepassivevoice(BoBinandHeZheng’an,2003).如果是两个作者,要写成BoBingandHeZheng’an,2003
2.2ComparativeResearchofthePassiveVoice下同inChineseandEnglish
WecouldsaythatthereisthepassivevoicebothinEnglishandChinese.Butbelongingtothedifferentlanguagesystem,thepassivevoicehasdifferentlinguisticcharacterandusageinthetwolanguages.SobeforeanEnglishpassivevoicesentenceistranslated,wehadbettertobefamiliarwiththedifference.
2.2.1Thecrucialdifferenceofthepassivevoiceexpression
InEnglishwhichisoneoftheIndia-Eurofamilyoflanguage,thepassivevoicehasitsclearandstrictform,thatis,the‘Be+V+ed’isthestandardformofthepassivevoice.Thisisasimple,neatandstabilizedsentencestructurewhichcouldbeeasilyidentified.
ButinChinesewhichisoneofthetypicalSino-Tibetanlanguages,thepassivevoiceisusuallyexpressedinthelexicalizationform.(LiuBiqing,2006)andsomeofthemcouldbeidentifiedbyitsspecialwords.WecouldsumuptheChinesepassivevoiceinthreetypes.
(1)Theprepositiontype
SometypicalChineseprepositionscouldbeusedtoexpressthepassivevoice.Forinstancethepreposition‘被,让,叫,给,由’,etc.
(2)Theverbtype
Theseverbsinclude‘受,遭到,得到,蒙受,挨,加以,给予,叫做’,etc.
(3)Thecompositewords.
SomeChinesewordscouldbecompoundedtoexpressthepassivevoice,forexample,‘是……的,……的是……,为……所,由……所,所……的’,etc.
Inordertocomparethepassivevoiceusageinthetwokindsoflanguages,itisnecessarytogiveadetaildescriptionforthevoiceexpressionclassification.Basedonthedefinitionofthevoice,theexpressionofthevoiceforeachlanguagecouldbeclassifiedtotwotypes,thedominantandcovert.
(1)Dominantactivevoice
BothinEnglishandChinese,whenthereisamainstructure‘actor+V+receptor’inasentence,thevoiceofthesentenceiscalleddominantactivevoice.Sometimestheactorcouldbeomitted,orinEnglishitcouldbereplacedbyapronounsuchas‘it,one’,etc.
(2)DominantpassivevoiceinEnglish
InEnglishmostofthepassivevoicecouldbeidentifiedeasilywithitsclearstructure‘be+V+ed’.Wecallsuchanexpressionofthepassivevoiceasthedominantone.
(3)DominantpassivevoiceinChinese
InChinese,thepassivevoiceisexpressedwithsomespecialwords,includingthewordsintype
(1)and
(2),section2.2.1above.Theyallhavetypicalpassivevoicemeaning‘被’inChinese.SotheyarecalledthedominancepassivevoiceinChinese.
(4)CovertpassivevoiceinEnglish
IthasknownthatChineseuseswordstoexpressthepassivevoice,whichiscalledthelexicalization.InEnglish,thereisalsosomelexicalformshavepassivevoicemean.Forexample,somespecialnouns,prepositionphrases,adjectivephrases(inpastparticiple)andverbscouldexpresspassivevoice:
noun:
hisassassination(他的被谋杀),hischarge(他的被指控),hisnomination(他的被提名).
prepositionphrase:
atadiscount(打了折扣),onpenalty(受罚),undertheinfluenceof(受……的影响),undercriticism(受到批评).
adjectivephrase:
bewelcome(受欢迎的),bebeneficiary(受益的),bedeprivedof(被剥夺……的).
verbs:
smell(Theflowerssmellsweet).
taste(Thefoodtastesnice).
sound(Thatsoundsveryreasonable).
Inthesentencewiththesewordsorphrases,thereisnostandardpassivevoiceform.WeclassifytheseformstothecoverttypeofpassivevoiceinEnglish.Comparedwiththestandardpassivevoiceform,thatisthe‘be+V+ed’whichiscalledthesyntacticmean,thewordsandphraseswithcovertmeanofpassivevoiceisusedlessinEnglish(FuShangling,ZhenLiancheng,2005,155).
(5)Covertpassiv
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