莎士比亚十四行诗1-9.docx
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莎士比亚十四行诗1-9.docx
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《十四行诗》在莎士比亚的全部作品中占有非常重要的地位,诗集收有154首诗,大致认为作于1592年至1598年,1609年于伦敦首次出版。
诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(Fair Lord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(Dark Lady),描写爱情。
十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:
abba abba,cdc ded。
莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:
abab,cdcd,efef,gg。
这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。
对诗人而言,诗的结构越严禁就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。
1
FROM fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory;
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thout that are now the world's fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
愿最美的人能多多生育,
使青春美貌的花朵永久不朽,
成熟的到时候总要死去,
他的幼嗣可以继续他的风流,
但是你,只看中自己的亮眼睛,
用自身作燃料培育那眼里的火焰,
在丰收之际造成了饥馑的灾情,
与自己为敌,对自己未免过于凶残,
你是当今世界之鲜艳的装饰品,
是烂缦春光之无比的一朵奇葩,
你竟在自己的蓓蕾里埋葬自己的子孙,
吝啬鬼,你越是舍不得是越糟蹋,
怜悯者世界吧,否则你便是个饕餮的人,
你独身而死,你吞食了世界应得的一份。
2
WHEN forty winters shall besiege thy brow
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now,
Will be a tottered weed of small worth held:
Then being asked where all thy beauty lies,
Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,
To say within thine own deep-sunken eyes
Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.
How much more prasie deserved thy beauty's use
If thou couldst answer,'This fair child of mine
Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,'
Proving his beauty by succession thine.
This were to be new made when thou art old
And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st cold.
四十个冬天围攻你的容颜,
在你的眉毛平原上挖掘壕沟的时候,
你的青春盛装如今被人艳羡,
将变成不值一顾的褴褛破旧,
那时有人要问,你的美貌现在在何地,
你青春时代的宝藏在什么地方,
你若回答说,在你深陷的眼坑里,
那将是自承贪婪,对浪费的赞扬,
拿你的美貌去投资生息岂不是更好,
你可以这样回答:
“我这孩子多么漂亮,
他将为我结账,弥补我的衰老。
”
他的美貌和你的是一模一样!
这就好像是你衰老以后重新翻造一遍,
你觉得血已冰冷又再度觉得温暖。
3
LOOK in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest
Now is the time that face should form another,
Whose fresh repair if now thou renewest,
Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.
For where is she so fair whose uneared womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry?
Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
Of his self-love, to stop posterity?
Thou art thy mother's glass, and she in thee
Calls back the lovely April of her prime;
So thou through windows of thine age shalt see,
Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.
But if thou live rememb'red not to be,
Die single, and thine image dies with thee.
照照镜子,告诉你看到的那张脸
现在时间已到,该把那脸另换一张;
如果现在你不重整你的焕发的容颜,
你辜负世人,使一个做母亲的失望。
哪个女人那样美,她那未开垦的子宫
会拒绝你去地耕耘?
哪个男人那样蠢,顾影自怜的把命断送,
而心甘情愿的断子绝孙?
你是母亲的镜子,她看到你
便忆起她的青春愉快的时光;
你将来皱纹满面,从你老年窗扉望出去,
同样也可罕见你黄金时代的景象。
但是你若虚度一生,只愿死后被人忘记,
那么就独身一世,你和你的踪影一同死去。
4
UNTHRIFTY loveliness, why dost thou spend
Upon thyself they beauty's legacy?
Nature's bequest gives nothing but doth lend,
And, being frank, she lends to those are free.
Then, beateous niggard, why dost thou abuse
The bounteous largess given thee to give?
Profitless userer, why dost thou use
So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?
For, having traffic with thyself alone,
Thou of thyself thy sweet self dost deceive:
Then how, when Nature calls thee to be gone,
What acceptable audit canst thou leave?
Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee,
Which, usèd, lives th' executor to be.
不事积蓄的人儿,你的美貌的产业
为什么都在你自己身上挥霍净尽?
造物主不作任何赠予,只是暂借,
她本身豪爽,只肯借给慷慨的人们。
美貌的吝啬鬼,你为什么滥用了
那份给了你要你再给人的丰富资产?
不善经营资产的人,你何以花掉
这样多的资产而还不能活得久远?
因为你只是和自己交易往来,
你甘心欺骗你的可爱的自己;
等造物主有一天叫你走开,
你留下的账目如何交代下去?
你未加运用的美貌将随你一同入殓,
若善为利用,会做你的遗产执行人。
5
THOSE hours that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell
Will play the tyrants to the very same
And that unfair which fairly doth excel;
For never-resting time leads summer on
To hideous winter and confounds him there,
Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,
Beauty o'ersnowed and bareness everywhere.
Then, were not summer's distillation left
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,
Nor it nor no remembrance what it was:
But flowers distilled, though they with winter meet,
Leese but there snow; their substance still lives sweet.
时间,以巧妙的手艺创造
那众人瞩目的可爱的容颜,
有一日要对它变得非常粗暴,
把那绝世之姿变成丑陋不堪;
永无休止的时间引导着夏季
到可怕的冬天,就在那里把它毁伤;
浆液被寒霜凝结,绿叶全无踪迹,
美貌覆上了冰雪,到处一片凄凉;
如在夏季不曾提炼香花的精华,
把那香水密封在玻璃瓶里,
美的芬芳和美的本身将一起被糟蹋。
本身无存,也没有什么可供回忆。
花儿一经提炼,纵然遇到冬天,
只是花颜失色,其芬芳永在人间。
6
THEN let not winter's ragged hand deface
In thee thy summer ere thou be distilled:
Make sweet some vial; treasure thou some place
With beauty's treasure ere it be self-killed.
That use is not forbidden usury
Which happies those that pay the willing loan;
That's for thyself to breed another thee,
Or ten times happier be it ten for one.
Ten times thyself were happier than thou art,
If ten of thine ten times refigured thee:
Then what could death do if thou shouldst depart,
Leaving thee living in posterity?
Be not self-willed, for thou art much too fair
To be death's conquest and make worms thine heir.
那么在你的精华未加提炼以前
不要让严冬的粗手把你的盛夏毁伤;
把香水装进一个瓶里;趁它尚未消散,
把这个宝藏放进一个宝贵的地方。
那不算是违法的高利贷,
若能使举债付息的人们得到幸福;
那乃是你自己又孳生一个你出来,
若是生出十个便是十倍的满足;
十倍的你将比你现在十倍的快乐,
如果十个孩子都长得完全像你;
你逝世的时候死神能奈你何,
看着你在后代中安然生活下去?
不要任性,因为你这样的闩于姿容,
不可被死神强占,不可让蛆虫继承。
7
LO, in the orient when the gracious light
Lifts up his burning head, each under eye
Doth homage to his new-appearing sight,
Serving with looks his sacred majesty;
And having climbed the steep-up heavenly hill,
Resembling strong yough in his middle age,
Yet mortal looks adore his beauty still,
Attending on his golden pilgrimage;
But when from highmost pitch, with weary car,
Like feeble age he reeleth from the day,
The eyes, fore duteous, now converted are
From his low tract and look another way:
So thou, thyself outgoing in thy noon,
Unlooked on diest unless thou get a son.
看,那慈祥的光明从东方
抬起了他的火红的头,下界众生
都膜拜他这新出现的景象,
以恭顺的眼光注视着他的威风;
他爬上了半空中陡峻的山,
像是一个踏入中年的壮丁,
人们仍然仰慕他的美丽容颜,
注视着他的辉煌的旅程;
但是从那最高顶点,驾着疲惫的车辆,
像一个衰弱老者,他蹒跚的从白昼踱出,
以前恭顺的眼睛现在转了方向,
不再注视他的下坡的中途;
你也是一样,你自己的正午转眼即逝,
死也无人管,除非你能生个儿子
8
MUSIC to hear, why hear'st thou music sadly?
Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy:
Why lov'st thou that which thou receiv'st not gladly,
Or else receiv'st with pleasure thine annoy?
If the true concord of well-tunèd sounds,
By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string, sweet husband to another,
Strikes each in each by mutual ordering;
Resembling sire and child and happy mother,
Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing;
Whose speechless song, being many, seeming one,
Sings this to thee,'Thou single wilt prove none.'
你的声音如音乐,你听音乐何以要凄怆?
甜的与甜的不相冲突,快乐的喜欢快乐的事物
不能愉快接受的东西,你何以还要受赏?
难道你是高高兴兴的接受这份悲苦?
如果真正和谐的单调
配合无间,使你听着不舒服,
那便是它在曼声的谴责你,你破坏了
生命的和谐而宁愿孤独。
听,一根弦像是另一根的亲爱夫妻,
彼此交响起来,是多么的琴瑟调和;
像是父,子和快乐母亲的关系。
齐声唱出一支悦耳的歌;
这无词的歌,像是一声出自众口,
对你歌唱:
“你独身刚将一无所有。
”
9
IS it for fear to wet a widow's eye
That thou consum'st thyself in single life?
Ah, if thou issueless shalt hap to die,
The world will wail thee like a makeless wife;
The world will be thy widow, and still weep
That thou no form of thee hast left behind,
When every private widow well may keep,
By children's eyes, her husband's shape in mind.
Look what an unthrift in the world doth spend
Shifts but his place, for still the world enjoys it;
But beauty's waste hath in the world an end,
And, kept unused, the user so destroys it:
No love toward others in that bosom sits
Than on himself such murd'rous shame commits
你是否怕湿了一个寡妇的眼睛
所以独身不娶,糟蹋了你自己?
啊!
如果你死后没有人继承,
世人都会像寡妇一般的哭你;
世人都将是你的遗孀,长久的哀悼
怨你没有留下你的形影,
而真正的寡妇却能回忆丈夫的容貌,
只消看看孩子们的眼睛。
看,一个浪子在世间挥霍金钱,
金钱只是换了主,依然由人享用;
但是美貌一糟蹋就算完,
留着不用便是自己把它断送。
一个人这样凶狠把自己毁坏,
心中不会对别人有半点慈爱。
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