1、中考英语复习专题被动语态中考英语复习专辑被动语态十、被 动 语 态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句). A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。一、构成：be + 过去分词eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词eg. English is spoken b
2、y Englishmen.2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词eg. The work has been done by them.5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。eg. A new school is being built in
3、 our village.6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态： can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词eg. He may be sent away from school.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(
4、宾格)”eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv
5、构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg. We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.练 习 题一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇
6、门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of st
7、one at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主
8、动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四 被动语态的基本用法1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。M
9、agazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustnt be taken away.阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。He was wounded many times during the Anti-Japanese War.他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。The problem has to be dealt with right now.这个问题必须马上处理。3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be
10、40.据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。It is hoped that they will be successful.希望她们会获得成功。特别记住：这一类用法的句型还有：It is believed that. 据信，大家相信It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed that. 大家认为It is suggested that. 据建议，有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住It is taken for granted that. 被认为理所当然五、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ a
11、re +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行
12、车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being
13、 repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。6过去完成时(had
14、been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。六、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有： be动词 起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, fe
15、el(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2、happen, take plac
16、e, break out, belong to ,cost, take3、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。、An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday.、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。、This book sells well.这本书畅销。、The kind of clot
17、h washes well. 这种布很容易洗。、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。、The door wont close/shut. 这门关不上。 、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 、This material wears well (wont wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久）七含有双宾语的句子的被动语态有一些动词如give, buy等，后面常跟两个宾语-直接宾语和间接宾语；通常直接宾语指 物，间接宾语指人；指
18、物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。例如：例：She gave me a book.= She gave a pen to book. I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. My father bought me a MP3.= My father bought a MP3 for me. I was bought a MP3 by my father. A MP3 was bought for me by my father.将这些带双宾语的动词背下来：1.动词后加to的：give 给 show 给看 send
19、 寄 bring 带 pass 递给lend借给 leave 留给 hand 交给 tell 告诉 return 归还 write 写给 throw 扔 promise 答应 refuse 拒绝2.动词后加for的：pay 付钱给， buy 买， sing 给唱歌， make 制，做， do 做， get 得到注意：所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词，包括感官 动词see, hear, watch, feel, look at, listen to及使役动词make, let, have和动词help,在变为被动语态时，还要把to加上。例如：I saw him(宾) enter the
20、 Room 102(宾补).He was seen(谓语)to enter the Room 102(宾补).我看见他进入102室。(他被看见进入了102室。)被动语态专项练习单项选择 1. Good books _ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some
21、 pieces of advice, but he _ to them. A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listened C. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is
22、 going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by t
23、he end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown 10. He _ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ pl
24、ace. Many new schools_ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing
25、 C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor(蒸汽). A. is heat
26、ed B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. full
27、ed 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children. A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week. A. must clean B. have clean
28、ed C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now. A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class. A. will hand in B. must hand
29、 in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual. A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week. A. will put on B. will b
30、e put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday. A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 把下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yes
