1、版新步步高高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 语法 专题四专题四情态动词与虚拟语气考点1must的用法1You _ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川，2)Amust BmayCcan Dwill2You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆，12)Amust BcanCwill Dshall3_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir，but its urgent.(2012重庆，
2、25)ACan BShouldCMust DWould4If you _ smoke，please go outside.(2011大纲全国，8)Acan BshouldCmust Dmay考点归纳1must表示“义务、责任、命令”时意为“必须”；表示推测时意为“一定是，必定是”。2must用在条件句或疑问句中，有时表示固执坚持，意为“一定要，非得要”。Must you make that dreadful noise?你非要弄出这讨厌的噪音吗？If you must go，take my umbrella.如果你非要走，就带上我的伞。考点2will/ would表示意愿1I still re
3、member my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014四川，6)Amight mustCwould should2The door_open，no matter how hard she pushed.(2013新课标全国，29)Ashouldnt couldntCwouldnt mightnt3Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but_say where he was.(2012江苏，28)Amustnt sho
4、uldntCwouldnt mightnt考点归纳1will/would可表示意愿或固执坚持。用于非人主语时，表示固有的性质、倾向。其否定式常表示拒绝。She wont lend me the money.她不愿意把钱借给我。The door wont shut.门关不上了。2will还可用在if条件状语从句中表示各种“愿望”，这些愿望包括“请求、意愿、拒绝、同意、允许、坚持、选择、计划”等。If you will come into the hall，the meeting will begin soon.请到大厅里来，会议快要开始了。(表请求)If you will make anothe
5、r try，I shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。(表意愿)考点3shall/ should 的用法1Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You _ have made full preparations.(2015福建，27)Amust BcanCwould Dshould2It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.(2014江苏，31)A
6、might Bwould Cshould Dcould考点归纳1shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者(而非句子主语)给对方的一种允诺、威胁、命令、警告等。You shall have a lot of money.你会有很多钱的。(允诺)You shall arrive there before sunset.你们要在日落前到达那里。(命令)She shall get what she deserves.她会有报应的。(警告)2shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中，表示条约、规章、法令等中的义务或规定，常译为“应，必须”。All members shall contribu
7、te to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.所有成员都要捐助进行这一类活动所需要的经费。Visitors shall not pick flowers.游客不得攀折花木。3在下列句型中的that从句里常用should，把that从句的情景看成是可能存在的，也就是说，对从句表达的情景表示怀疑、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜、欢喜等，翻译时，常加上“竟然”两字。Im surprised/sorry/satisfied/glad/afraid/anxious/worried.that.I think it important/a pity.that.
8、I cannot imagine/believe.that.It worries me/astonished me.that.It is proper/likely/probable/possible.that.Im surprised that he should feel lonely.他竟然会感到孤独，真使我惊讶。It is astonishing that he should have committed the same mistake.他竟犯了相同的错误，真令人吃惊。How can you expect that she should lend money to you？你怎么能指
9、望她借钱给你呢？考点4情态动词表推测1My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who _ have taken it？(2014陕西，25) Aneed BmustCshould Dcould2What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure，but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.(2013重庆，26)Amust BwouldCshould Dmight3The children _ lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have be
10、en at the lakeside camp as scheduled.(2013陕西，21)Amust have got Bmust getCshould have got Dshould get4Why are your eyes so red？You_have slept well last night.Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.(2013四川，5)Acant BmustntCneednt Dwont考点归纳1表示肯定推测时mustwillwouldought toshouldcancouldmaymight。2表示否定推测时cant
11、语气最强，意为“不可能”；may/might/could not的语气较弱，意为“可能不”。(mustnt不表示否定推测，而表示“禁止，不能”)。3表示推测时，must只能用在肯定句中；may和might只能用在肯定句和否定句中；can和could可用于各种句式，can用于肯定句中时，有时表示“一时的可能性或暂时的可能性”。4“情态动词do”表示对目前动作的推测；“情态动词be doing”表示对正在发生的动作的推测；“情态动词have done”表示对过去发生的动作的推测。考点5与情态动词有关的特殊搭配I_ thank you too much for all your help to my
12、 son while we were away from home.(2012陕西，23)Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill考点归纳1cannot/never.too/enough.再也不过分，越越好2cant help/choose but do.只好做3cant but do.不得不做4cant help doing.情不自禁做5it cant be helped实在没办法；无法避免6more than sb.can.非某人所能7may/might well do.理所当然8may/might as well do.不妨做；还是做的好9dare I say/suggest.我可以
13、说考点6虚拟语气的用法1Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆，7)Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written2It is lucky we booked a room，or we_nowhere to stay now.(2015安徽，32)Ahad Bhad hadCwould have Dwould have had3Ellen is a fantastic dance
14、r.I wish I _ as well as her.(2015陕西，23)Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced4If I _ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.(2015北京，34)Adidnt see Bwerent seeingCwouldnt see Dhadnt seen5We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014
15、陕西，23)Awould stay Bhas stayedCstayed Dstay6It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _ it？(2014重庆，13)Ahad done Bhave doneCdid Dam doing7Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _something instead of just talking.(2012辽宁，33)Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid考点归纳1在if引导的非真实条件句中，如果用
16、虚拟语气，则主句和从句都用虚拟语气；若不用，则主从句都不用虚拟语气，不能一方用另一方不用。2注意but (except)表示条件的结构：would动词原形but (except)现在时陈述句(陈述语气)，表示同现在相反的假设。would have过去分词but (except)过去时陈述句(陈述语气)，表示同过去相反的假设。I would have gone with her，but I was too busy.我本来要和她一起去的，但是我太忙了。3Its (high/about) time that主语should do/过去时“到了某人做的时候了”。It is high time tha
17、t we went to bed/should go to bed.到了我们睡觉的时候了。4would rather.过去时(与现在或将来相反)/过去完成时(与过去相反)Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。解题方法方法1意义判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。You_ park here！Its an emergency exit.Awouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt答案D解析句意为：你不能把车停在这里！这是一个紧急出口。wouldnt不会；neednt没有必
18、要；couldnt不能够；mustnt不准，禁止。故选D项。方法2句型判断法有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。May I take this book out of the reading room?No，you_.You read it in here.(2010陕西，23)Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt答案D解析句意为：我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？不可以，你一定不能带出去。你就在这里读。mustnt表示强烈的禁止。
19、方法3语气判断法情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点)，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。Just as we were sitting down to have dinner，the telephone_ring.Amust BcouldCmight Dneed答案A解析考查情态动词。must在此表示说话人的愿望或感到不耐烦，意为“偏要”。句意为：正当我们要坐下来吃饭时，偏偏电话铃响了。方法4人称判断法有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定
20、的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。I havent got the reference book yet，but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_have it by Friday.(2010江苏，25)Acould BshallCmust Dmay答案B解析句意为：我还没有弄到参考书，但是下个月我将参加这门学科的测试。不要担心，到星期五时你就有了。could能够；shall在句中表示“允诺”；must必须；may也许，可以。方法5句型提示法虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不同的从句
21、中，虚拟语气用不同的动词形式来体现，如if非真实条件句(分三种情形)，wish后的宾语从句，It is time that.的定语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气的动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。If we_the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.Atake Bhad takenCtook Dhave taken答案B解析句意为：如果我们走另一条路的话，我们或许能够及时到达这里参加这次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词might have arrived可以推出，本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所
22、以if条件句中应该用过去完成时。方法6特定词汇暗示法英语中某些短语如If it were not for/had not been for，but for.，if only.，without等，往往要采用虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大的帮助，掌握了这些要点知识，做起题来也就很容易了。Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have managed答案B解析could have don
23、e表示本能够做某事(但没做)。提醒：完成作业强化练(四)二轮专题强化练强化练(四)情态动词与虚拟语气 (建议用时：12分钟)1Fortunately enough，the old man was rushed to the hospital in time.Three minutes late，and he _.(2015泰州二模，32)Awould die Bwas to dieCshould have died Dwould have died2Where are my new sneakers？Have you seen them?How _ I know？Im your sister，
24、not your servant.(2015苏锡常镇一模，24)Ashall Bwill Cshould Dmight3Mom！Jack has broken a cup!It doesnt matter.Accidents _ happen.(2015南京、盐城一模，22)Ashould Bmust Cwill Dshall4The measure of a mans real character is what he _ if he _ he would never be found out.(2015苏锡常镇二模，31)Awould do；knew Bmay do；knewCmight
25、do；knows Dshould do；had known5The guide was enthusiastic and knowledgeable and we spent a lovely evening wandering into places which we _ straight past otherwise.(2015南京三模，31)Ahad walked Bwere walkingCwould have walked Dmust have walked6What about your trip to the town?Couldnt be worse.Stuck in the
26、mud，the car _ not move，however hard we pushed it.(2015徐州三模，31)Acould Bshould Cwould Dmight7Did you go to Taylor Swifts concert last night?I would rather I _.But I was preparing a report for my boss.(2014徐州三模，31)Adid Bhad Cwould Dmight8I think I saw Mr.Smith at yesterdays party.He _ there.He is now o
27、n a business trip in Greece.And he left the day before yesterday.(2014徐州三模，28)Amustnt have been Bcouldnt have beenCmight not be Dshould not be9Thanks for inviting me to your party._ my classmate Jane come?Of course.She is always welcome.(2014苏北四市一模，25)AMust BShould CWill DShall10Did you attend the o
28、pening ceremony of The Voice of China last week?Sorry！We _ it，but we had a terrible traffic accident on our way.(2014苏锡常镇二模，32)Amust have attended Bmust attendCcould have attended Dcould attend11My computer _ start，no matter how hard I try.It might have crashed.(2014南京、盐城二模，27)Awont BshouldntCmustnt Dwouldnt12The boys parents _ the operation last week had it not been for the donations from our school.Acouldnt have paid for Bcouldnt pay forCshouldnt have paid for Dwouldnt pay for13Statistics indicate that it _ well be quite some time before the global economy starts to recover.Amay B
