1、海文考研英语辅导班资料整理作文整体要求作文由机器做统一扫描，老师们直接通过电脑屏幕的扫描结果阅卷，凭整体印象给分，所以要给老师对作文卷面留下好印象，适应好机器评卷的现状，须做到以下几点：1字体必须清晰准确，卷面干净整洁2不能用浅蓝色的笔写，最好用黑色签字笔写，笔尖不能用太细的，否则扫描效果不清晰，影响评分；3字要写得大气些，字号不能写得太小4卷面整体布局要合理，最好用三段式，每个单词之间的间距要合理，不可太疏或者太密（最好提前就把每行该写多少词提前算清楚，小作文纸大约15行，大作文大约22行，PS最好自己再查查）5 考场上一定要冷静，看清答题卡的位置，只在答题区答题，不要写错位置。小作文（应用
2、文）要求：100字考试内容：书信类考场建议时间：1015分钟满分10分，平均分5.1分目标得分：78分大作文以图画题为主要求：160200字满分：20分考场建议时间：30分平均分：9.3目标得分：1315分第1节 主题句一、主题句三要素：1Topic 2Controlling idea 3Why must I read it as a reader?举例：Good study habit are useful to college students. 该句中，Good study habit 是句子的topic,useful 是句子的controlling idea.2、中间段落(1）哲理型大
3、作文Having scrutinized the details of the picture ,we can discuss the implication subtly conveyed from it. Now,people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that上述套用句型中有些词语可做如下替换：growing 可换成increasing或significant;realize可换成understand,recognize,accept或be aware.(2）现象型大作文What accounts for the phenom
4、enon?Recently,the issue(problem/question) of /thathas been in the limelight(聚光灯）.3、第三段（1）评论From my own perspectiveAs far as I am concerned Personally , I strongly hold that such a virtue (phenomenon) should be advocated(prevented) openly and enthusiastically.Two effective measures should be taken to
5、 cope with the phenomenon. 第2节 句子写作一、写作要求和词汇运用（一）切题 9分上下的标准就是是否切题，跑题了必在9分以下（二）条理 需要闪光词：句间连接词，提升文章档次（三）语言 （四）字数1表示递进的关键词In addition,additionally,moreover,furthermore,Whats more,besides2表示例举(接头暗号句）(1）No better illustration of this idea/phenomenon can be thought than the example to be mentioned.（2）The
6、following illustration can serve as a strong evidence of this idea/phenomenon.（3）Our human history has been filled with a variety of such examples,with the following one being the foremost.3表示次序关系的词First,second,finallyIn the first place,In the second place ,finallyTo start(to begin with),moreover,fi
7、nallyFor one thing,for another ,still another(老师最喜欢的表达，能用就用这个）4表示过渡关系Regarding,concerning,considering,with reference to,as to,as for5表示总结关系的词To conclude,in conclusion,to summarize,to sum up,in summary,in brief,in short,in a word,all in all6表示因果关系的词（1）表原因(低级的表达：Because,since,as,for）建议用：due to,owing t
8、o,thanks to,on account of(2)表结果(低级的表达，避用So,thus,hence,therefore），建议用：accordingly(例句：He was ill yesterday,and accordingly,he didnt go to school.) consequently,as a result,as a consequence.7表示转折关系的词But,however,on the contrary,on the other hand,nonetheless,nevertheless8表示对照关系的词In contrast,instead,where
9、as,while(而、只要）You will pass the exam,while you work hard this year.（区分：As long as 只要As far as 就而言）9表示解释关系的词As a matter of fact,frankly speaking,in this case,in other words,likewise,similarly10.表示强调关系的词Of course,indeed,above all,in fact二、句子写作 汉英句子的不同：汉语句子竹节式，重意英语句子枝干式，重形（1）五个基本句型（1）主+系+表She is beauti
10、ful. That car is mine. 系动词be (类似能做系动词的词有20个左右），意思类似becomeMy brother has become an engineer.All the tourists seemed pleased.(2)主+谓Everybody laughs.The guests have arrived.The children are sleeping.(3)主+谓+宾He opened the door.I want a return ticket.The train is building up speed.（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语I gav
11、e the old man some money.I gave some money to old man.He bought me a new dictionary.He bought a new dictionary for me.(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补We found him safe and sound.We caught them stealing apples.We advised him to accept the offer.We elected him the new monitor.(2）句子扩展法句子扩展的三途径：修饰、从属、并列1、增加修饰成分（1）形容词和副词举
12、例：老张讲写作课。 Old Zhang gives a writing lecture. 白白胖胖的老张激情四射地讲一节无聊透顶的写作课。 The plump Old Zhang enthusiastically gives a disappointing writing lecture.(2)同位语作插入语 位置相同的语言叫作“同位语”举例：一个白白胖胖的老张一个四十多岁的老男人，激情四射地讲一节无聊透顶的写作课比阅读还要无聊的课。 The plump Old Zhang,an old guy in his forties,enthusiastically gives a disappoin
13、ting writing lecture,more boring than the reading lecture.（3）介词结构作修饰在一个艳阳高照的夏日傍晚，一个穿着一件白色的衬衫的白白胖胖的老张，一个四十多岁的老男人，激情四射地讲一节无聊透顶的写作课比阅读还要无聊的课。In a sun-shining summer afternoon, the plump old Zhang,with a white shirt,an old guy in his forties,enthusiastically gives a disappointing writing lecture,more bo
14、ring than the reading lecture.2从属从句包括：名词性从句、形容词从句、副词性从句其中，名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性从句包括：关系代词、关系副词 副词性从句：时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、让步名词性从句主、宾、表、同三大考点（难点）：What的用法： What he said is right.(1)What 充当主语或宾语(2)“的”字结构That 的用法：That he is a good student is known to all.(1)不充当任何成分(2)没有任何意义其他Wh-When,where,why,who,w
15、hom,whose,which,whether举例：When we will have a meeting is not clear.（1）充当成分（2）表示自身的意义总结口诀：“的”字结构用what,不缺意义用that,自身意义用其他 定语从句中关系代词包括：先行词表示人的who,whom,whose,that;先行词是物的which,that,whose; 定语从句中关系副词包括：when,where,why关系代词先行词是人This is the man who teaches us English.(1)作主语、宾语（2）代替先行词This is the man whom I hate
16、.（1）作宾语（2）代替先行词关系代词先行词是物This is the book which I bought today.(1)作主语或宾语(2)代替先行词关系副词This is the day when I met her.(1)作时间状语(2)代先行词This is the school where I studied(1)作地点状语(2)代先行词This is the reason why I am late,(1)作原因状语(2)代先行词用wh-消灭“他”想到他她用who,代替物体用which,表示“谁的”用whose3、并列句并列句连接词：and,but,so,then,eithe
17、ror,neithernor例句：The former focuses on the dark side of things,whereas the latter on the bright.4、补充高级表达：非谓语动词的独立主格结构例句：我是一名教师，我讲课。I am a teacher, and I give classes.Because I am a teacher,I give classes.Being a teacher, I give classes.(高级表达/主语相同时，其中一个变Ving)I ,being a teacher,give classes.(作插入语，最高级表
18、达）我过去是个学生，但现在我教课。I,having been a student,give classes.汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？你自己不是鱼，你怎么能知道鱼的快乐呢？You are not a fish yourself.How can you know the happiness of a fish?How can you ,not being a fish yourself,know the happiness of a fish?转换技巧：当前后两个句子的主语相同时，可以去掉一个主语，将句号改为逗号，并将 其中一个动词变为ing,或者having done 的形式。如果主语不同，该怎么
19、处理？可按如下方法处理例句：今天很热。我在家呆着了。It is hot today.I stay at home.It being hot today,I stay at home.独立主格结构适用于两个分句主语不同时。三、 句子布局主题句 1、and并列句 2、宾语从句 3、状语从句 4、定语从句 5、非谓语动词用词：图画caricature ;描绘portray;说明illustrate;吃惊amaze,astound,astonish;高分词总结：1、VeryThe implication of this drawing is very easy to understand其中very
20、可用exceedingly,excessively,extremely,surpassingly,absolutely,highly等词替换。2、Although可替换成admitting that,conceding that,In spite of the fact that,for all that3、Because可替换成considering that,seeing that,on the ground that,on account of the fact that,in the light of the fact that4、if可替换成provided that,providi
21、ng that,assuming that,supposing that,In case that5、when可替换成the instant that,the moment that6、good/bad可替换成desirable,satisfactory,pleasant,以及undesirable,unsatisfactory,unpleasant7、Like可替换成appreciate,delight in,take pleasure in,be crazy about8、EnoughAbundant,adequate,ample,sufficient9、ManyA multitude o
22、f,a mass of,a sea of综合练习运用：许多大学生喜欢玩游戏，因此，当他们考试时，他们的考试成绩很差。A multitude of college students are crazy about playing computer games,and accordingly,the moment that they have exam,their scores are exceedingly undesirable.10、more and more people可替换成people in growing numbers,people in increasing numbers,p
23、eople in significant numbers.11、most students可替换成an overwhelming majority of,a significant proportion of,a sizable percentage of+students12、Think可替换成harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,It is widely shared that13、Show可替换成demonstrate,display,exhibit,illustrate,indicate,manif
24、est,reveal14、Not可替换成By no means；By no means will he come tomorrow.15、Can可替换成be competent to do,be capable of doing第3节 段落扩展1、段落扩展法1、列举法（listing）2、举例法（exemplification)3、描述法（description)4、因果法（cause-effect)5、比较对比法（comparison and contract)6、分类法（classification)7、定义法（definition )2、段落扩展要求1、段落具有统一性（最好是金字塔式结构
25、）2、段落具有连贯性（依赖于代词、过渡词、关键词的重复）3、段落扩展的四大杀手锏1、作比较（可以分项对比或逐点对比）2、找因果3、举实例4、一、二、三分段写成文，层层递进 4、本次考试段落扩展法开头分三步走：一概述，二描述，三引申或翻译中间：一主题、二原因或举例结尾：一建议，二两点（正反），三强调（即使没有明确要求，最好也按这步骤写）收尾三招：强调主题，总结主题，展望未来例：这个问题迟早会解决的：It will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.第4节 篇章写作1、图表写作(1)上升、增
26、加趋势(2)下降、减少趋势(3)平稳发展(4)程度副词：大幅度地，小幅度地，两个极端，中间变化，主力描写句型2、图表作文写作思路图表类型：柱状图：bar chart饼状图：pie chart线性图：静态图：pie chart As is vividly shown in the graph,the totalis divided into four parts.A makes up 34%,51% stands for B,9% refers to C,6% is defined as D1、尽可能少罗列数字Over one third, nearly one tenth,over a hal
27、f,the rest或者说成一个整体：The total is divided into four parts, with A,B,C,and D making up% and % respectively.抓住主要矛盾The total is divided into four parts,with A and B making up % totally.引申：尽管图中的数字Isolated as the figures seem to be,as a matter of fact,they are connected to be one another closely.2、动态图，以柱状图
28、为例看标题，看横轴，看纵轴，找到主要变化举例：Private car is playing an increasingly important role in peoples means of transportation.获得高分的关键主题词一个词就值九分围绕提示语，还原比喻义，拼对主题词，写好主题句小作文：一、格式；二、语言；三、内容应用写信的格式Dear (日期） Yours, Li ming Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms注意其分别用法应用文的六句口诀:1、开门见山说意图2、信息要点覆盖全3、不同方面分段写4、咨询建议分点好5、感谢客气不能少6、期待回信成老套小作文综合模板： Jan.10.2011Dear :第一段：照抄或改编要求部分第二段：三点建议或原因First,second,third第三段：I am looking forward to your earliest reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
