1、形容词和副词5doc形容词和副词、形容词 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征，常常意为“的”。如：long, empty, cheap, angry, dangerous, interesting等。、形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语或者宾语。1、作定语： 1、单个的形容词修饰名词或者代词，直接放在被修饰的名词或者代词前。但当被修饰的是复合不定代词时，形容词要位于复合不定代词后。如：He is a good student.She is a beautiful girl.He found something valuable. 2、多个形容词同时修饰一个名词或
2、代词作定语是，其顺序应是：描绘形容词+尺寸（大小）+形状+年龄（新旧）+颜色+国际+材料+用途（类别）+名词。如：I bought a nice small round new yellow french oak writing desk. 但我们一般按与修饰的名词紧密关系来排序，关系越紧密，越靠近被修饰的名词。如：an old Chinese stone bridge. Some beautiful little red flowers.2、作表语： 形容词常用在联系动词后，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。如：She is beautiful. Her face turned
3、red. The water remains hot.但有些形容词只能用在系动词后作表语，不能用在名词前作定语：1、某些a-开头的形容词afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep,awake等。2、表身体健康的ill, fine, well等。3、某些描述心情的glad, pleased, sorry等。4、其他certain, sure,fond, ready, unable等。3、作宾语补足语： 某些动词如make, find, paint, keep,like want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的状态或者特征。如： Do you
4、like your tea weak or strong?You must keep the classroom clean. The boy was beaten black and blue。四、作主语： The good are happy.五、作宾语：You should respect the old and love the young.、形容词的构成：1、+fulForget-forgetful, help-helpful, wonder-wonderful, use-useful, care-careful,beauty-beautifulThank-thankful,colo
5、r-colorful2、+ed/ingRelax-relaxing/relaxed interest-interested/interesting excite-exited/exciting surprise-surprised/surprising 3、+ySun-sunny rain-rainy snow- snowy cloud- cloudy health-healthy4、+en Wool -woolen wood- wooden 5、+ernWest- western east-eastern north-northern south-southern6、名词+lyFriendl
6、y, daily,weekly, silly, lovely,lonely, lively7、复合形容词 good-looking, nice-smelling; well-written, best-housed, newly-published;ill-tempered, short-sighted, sweet-tempered, tender-hearted; snow-white, sky-blue.、副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子的词。如：very, quickly,out, soon等。一、副词在句中可以作状语；定语； 表语； 宾语补足语。1、副词作状语：Its rai
7、ning heavily. You are quite right.2、副词作定语：All the students here come from England.3、副词作表语：My uncle has been away for two months.4、副词作宾语补足语：Its cold outside. Let all the children in.二、副词的种类：可根据表达的不同意义分为时间和频度副词，如：now, then, often, never, early, today等；地点副词here, there, everywhere,home, below,inside等；方式
8、副词：carefully，politely, fast, well, anxiously等；程度副词：much, very, a little, rather, too, almost, so;疑问副词(特殊疑问句)：how, where, when, why等；关系副词（宾语从句）：when, where, why; 连接副词（定语从句）： how,when, where; whether;三、副词易混易错hard 与 hardlyhard意为“努力地、辛苦地、猛烈地”、程度副词，如：work hardhardly意为“几乎不”否定程度副词。late与latelylate做副词意为“晚”如：
9、arrive late“迟到”；lately意为“最近”。high与highlyhigh表示空间高度，如：The plane is flying high. 飞机飞得很高highly表示程度，相当于much。People speak highly of the teacher Zhang Lili.how long how oftenhow soon 和how farclose与closelyclose意为“接近”, He is sitting close to me；closely意为“仔细地”， watch him closely.deep与deeplydeep意为“深”，空间深度，He
10、pushed the stick deep into the mud; deeply意为“深深地”情感程度， Even my father was deeply moved by the film.wide与widelywide表示空间宽度，He opened the door wide.widely意为“广泛地”English is widely used in the world.free与freelyfree意为“免费”，You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely意为“无限制地”，You may speak fre
11、ely, say what you like.much too与too muchtoo, as well,also与eitheralready, yet 与stillalready表示某事已经发生，常与完成时连用，主要用于肯定句中；Weve already watched that film;yet 表期待某事发生，常用于否定句和疑问句。I havent finished my homework yet.still表某事还在进行，用于疑问句和肯定句。He still works late every night.ago与beforeago表示以现在为起点的“以前”， 和一段时间搭配使用，常用语
12、一般过去时。before是指以过去或者将来某一时刻为基准的“以前”，也可泛指以前，常用于完成时或者一般过去时。He said the meeting had begun five minutes before.enoughelse、形容词和副词原级、比较级和最高级1、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则。2、形容词和副词比较级前可加 much, a lot, a bit, a little, still, far, even, any 等副词修饰，用来强调程度。3、两者之间进行比较：1、前者比后者更. 比较级 than 比较对象，如：Health is more important than
13、wealth.2、前者与后者一样. As 原级 as 比较对象，如：John is as honest as Mike.3、前者不如后者. Not as(so) 原级 as 比较对象；less 原级 than.如：I cant speak English as/so fast as you. The film is less interesting than the novel.4、比较级的特殊用法：比较级and 比较级/more and more 原级“越来越.”如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer. They became more and mo
14、re interested in collecting stamps.the比较级， the 比较级“越.就越.”如：The harder you study, the more you learn.which is 比较级， A or B？which is 比较级， of the two?具体实物、数字、倍数等 比较级 than. “比.大、多、长、宽.”如：He is a head taller than I.5、as.as 倍数表达法：倍数 as.as. “是. 的几倍”如：Our garden is ten times as big as theirs.3、形容词最高级前必须加the,
15、 副词最高级前the 可加可不加，但当形容词的最高级前已有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不加the.4、两者以上进行比较，用形容词或者副词的最高级1、多者进行比较，其中一个在某方面比其他都强： .最高级 of+比较对象/in+比较范围，如：Mary does best in physics in her class.2、On of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.3、The+序数词+最高级，如：The Hainan Island is the second largest island
16、 in China.5、最高级与比较级之间的转化：“比较级+than any other 单数名词”可转化为“最高级+比较范围”的结构。、形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级容易混淆易错点farther, farthest “较远、最远”；further,furthest “进一步，跟进一步”、练习题、单项选择题1. Mum, youve got so _ housework to do. Let me help you. A. many B. much C. little2. _ can we become good learners? By working hard and asking th
17、e teacher for help. A. How B. Where C. When 3. _ is the restaurant from the post office? Its about 5 minutes ride. A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many4. What _ do you have to do besides _ the room at home? I have to take out the trash. A. else; cleaning B. else; clean C. other; cleaning
18、D. other; clean5. Nowadays air pollution has become _ than before. We must do something to stop it. A. serious B. more serious C. most serious D. the most serious6. Roy thinks he works as _ as his friend, Dan. A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. more hardly7.Which is the longest river in China, the Chang
19、jiang River or the Yellow River? The Changjiang River. The Yellow River is _ river in China. A. the second longest B. the second longer C. a second longest D. the second long8. Linda is one of the _ students in our class. A. good B. better C. best D. the best9.What do you think of Zhang Liang in TV
20、show Where Are We Going, Dad? He is great. I think he must be _ than before. A. much famous B. more famous C. the best 10. Mike is _, but his brother Sam is much _. A. heavy; heavier B. heavy; heaviest C. heavier; heaviest D. heavier; the heaviest11. Today its normal for married women to go out for
21、work, but it was _ in the past. A. less common B. more common C. common 12.Shanghai is a big city, isnt it? Yes. In fact, its one of _ cities in the world. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest13. Whats the low-carbon life style like? Save _ energy and produce _ carbon. A. more; less B. more; m
22、ore C. less; less D. less; more14. The film is one of _ that I have seen. I almost slept in the cinema. A. the most interesting B. the least interesting C. the most interested D. the less interesting15.Did you sleep well last night? Oh, no. _ noise outside the hotel almost drove me mad. A. Too much
23、B. Much too C. Too many D. So many16. As a newcomer, he works a lot _ to catch up with others. A. hardly B. harder C. more harder D. hardier17.What a hot day! Yes! But the weather report says it will be even _ tomorrow.A. cooler B. hotter C. colder 18. What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Cr
24、azy English? I think its _, but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful; bored 19. _ do you have a sports meeting in your school? Once a year. A. How soon B. How often C. How long 20. Its difficult to live
25、in a foreign country, _ if you cant understand the language there. A. exactly B. naturally C. usually D. especially、根据句意首字母及汉语提示写出单词1. We should be _ (小心) when we do our homework.2. Asking for help _ (礼貌地) is very important.3. After some exercise, she looks much _ (瘦的) than before.4. The h_ you clim
26、b the mountain, the more views you will see.5. Young people are always more e_ than the old.6. Mr Lin is poor in money, but he is r_ in knowledge. I like talking with him.7. A piece of chewing gum stuck to my shoe. It couldnt be taken away e_.8. The little child is afraid to be a_ at home, with no p
27、eople around him.9. His legs were so weak that he could h_ stand.10. At weekends, the shops are much _ ( full of loud and non-musical sounds) than usual.、翻译四川的人口比云南的多。The population of Sichuan is _ than _ of Yunnan.完形填空A few days ago I got a call from an old friend of mine. We 1 our school and the g
28、ood old days. Then he started talking about his father.His father was badly ill in hospital. He 2 sleep at night and often talked to himself. My friend was 3 about this and shouted at his father to stop talking. But after his father stopped 4 , he was unconscious(不省人事的). My friend thought it was his
29、 fault(过错). My friend was so sad that he 5 like a baby on the phone. He said he would do 6 if his father could wake up.Some kids often feel unhappy when they have to take care of their 7 . But do you forget that our parents take care of us 8 stay with us for our lifetime?My dear friends, from now on
30、, 9 say a bad word to your parents. Take care of them and stay with them. Even if it only 10 you a second, your parents will be happy to be with you! Do you agree with me? 1. A.talked about B.thought of C.care about D.showed around2. A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. shouldnt3. A. scared B.angry C. ti
31、red D. worried4. A. speaking B.saying C.telling D. talking5. A. shouted B. smiled C.cried D.said6. A.anything B.something C.nothing D.none7. A.father B.mother C.parents D.friends8. A.but B.and C. or D.so9. A.always B.usually C.often D.never10. A.takes B.pays C.spends D.wastes阅读理解A篇Some time ago one of my cha
