1、名词与主谓一致,名词,可数名词与不可数名词,可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，都有 其单数和复数形式，且单数变复数有规律 和不规则两种构成形式,规则变化,大多数名词直接在名词后加-s构成。例如cups，days，glasses等,以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的 名词后加-esClass-classesBox-boxes Match-matches Brush-brushes,以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-esCity-citiesCountry-countries,但以元音字母 y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结 尾的，直接在词尾加-s,Key-keysGermany-Germanys
2、，,Toy-toys，Henry-henrys,以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般把f 或fe变为v，再加-es。,Knife-knivesShelf-shelvesThief-thieves,Leaf-leaves Life-lives Loaf-loaves,妻子（wife）拿刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。按：顺口溜中的红体字是中学阶段学过的九个以f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻 子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自
3、己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同(如myselfourselves；yourselfyourselves；himself，herselfitselfthemselves)。,但以下以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s,Safe-safes,proofsBelief-beliefs,Proof-serf-serfs,以f结尾的名词变为复数时大都变f为ves，但有几个 直接加-s变为复数，我们就可用这个句子帮助进行 集中。一个农奴（serf）在海湾（gulf）捡了珊瑚礁
4、（reef），来到房顶（roof）上，找到首长（chief），有了证据（proof），增加了信仰（belief），加上-s 成对成双。,直接加-s或把f或fe变v，再加es都行Scarf-scarfs 或scarves 围巾Handkerchief-handkerchiefs或 handkerchieves 手帕,turn green in springA.leafB.leafsC.leaveD.leaves,以辅音字母o结尾的名词，其复数 多加-es构成Hero-heroesTomato-tomatoesPotato-potatoesNegro-negroes,以辅音字母o结尾的名词，以及你
5、某些以o结尾的外 来词，变为复数时只加-s。,Radio-radios Piano-pianos Studio-studios Zoo-zoos,Photo-photos Viedo-viedosZero-zerosBamboo-bamboos,以th结尾的名词，直接在词后加sMouthsPathsYouthsTruths,不规则变化,改变单数名词中的元音字母Foot-Man-Tooth-Mouse-Goose-woman-,在词尾加en或其他Ox-Child-Crisis-Medium-mediaPhenomenon-Phenomena,3.单复数形式相同,Sheep-fish-Works-
6、Series-,Deer-Means-Aircraft-Species-,此外还包括由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词，如Yuan Jiao Jin mu,只有复数形式,ClothesGlassesThanksAshes,Trousers Goods Shorts compasses,以上名词表示数量时，需要加上相应的单位名词A pair of glasses A suit of clothes,5.表示某国人的单复数变化,单复数同形，这类词包括所有以-ese或-ss结尾的民族名称。,Chinese Swiss,Japanese portuguese,Russian-American-,词
7、尾加-s German-Roman-Pole-,把man变为men Frenchman-Englishman-,6.复合名词的复数变化,有两个名词构成的复合词，在第二个名 词后加-sStore-keepers售货员 Boy-friendsTooth-brushesGrown-ups成年人 Girl-friends,以可数名词+介词（短语）构成的复合 名词，在名词部分加-sSisters-in-law Passers-by Prisoners-of-war,但grown-ups和breakdowns是例外,以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变为复 数形式的时候，前后两部分都要变Woman si
8、nger-women singers Man cook-men cooks,7.有些名词的复试形式表示特别的意 义,Letters 文学Spirits 酒精，情绪 Drinks 饮料 Looks外表 Manners礼貌,Customs海关Forces 军队Times 时代Greens 青菜Papers 报纸文件Irons 脚镣手铐,不可数名词,不可数名词包括物质名词、抽象名词和 专有名词，一般只有单数形式，没有复 数形式。HealthBreadAdvice GlassAmerica,Father went to his doctor for about his heart troubleAn
9、adviceAdviceAdvicesThe advices,以下名词常用作名词，注意：不要使用复数或者在前面加a或an，其谓语动词用单 数形式。,clothing informationworknews troublericeicegrasscoffeebreadbaggage,furniture rubbish sugar harmtrafficwater knowledge honestyglassbehavior airhomework,Advice fun paper fruit progress weather snow luckhouseworkdust Butter wealt
10、h 倾倾百老汇,不可数名词不能直接用冠词或 数词修饰，而应该与某些特定 的单位名词连用，来表示“量”的概念,A piece of news/advice/meat/paper/information/chalk/bread/music/furniture/work 一则，个，片，张，条，支A bottle of ink/milk/wine A sheet of paper/clothA cup of/a glass of/a head of(一 头）,主谓一致,在英语中，主谓一致指的是句子 中的谓语动词在人称和数上必须 保持一致,1.语法一致原则,句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用 单数形式，
11、主语是复数形式，谓语动词 用复数形式The number of mistakes are surprising.To be polite is a good manner.,The construction of the two new railway lines by now.A.has been completedB.have been completedC.has completedD.have completed,意义一致原则,即谓语动词该用单数形式，还是复数形 式，取决于主语所表达的内容在含以上 是单数还是复数意义The Chinese are industrious中国人是勤劳的T
12、he USA is a developed country美国是个发达国家,像 news，works，politics，physics等词，虽然形式上是以-s 结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓 语动词用单数形式。相反，crowd，people，police，cattle等 式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，股谓语动词用复数This works were built in 2000 Maths is my favorite subjectsThe crowd were running for their live,Every possible means to prevent the air pol
13、lution，but the sky is still not clearA is usedB are usedC has been usedD have been used,临近原则,谓语动词该用单数还是复数，取决于最邻近它的名 词、代词或其它词的数另 外，or，eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also 连接两个名词或代词作主语的时候，或由there，here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个 时，谓语动词通常与他邻近的主语保持一致There is a book and three pens on the deskEither her father or her m
14、other calls for her every afternoon。,需要注意的一些特殊情况,由and 连接的复合名词作主 语时，如表示复数概念，相 应的谓语动词要用复数形式The maths teacher and the headmaster have attended the meeting,有时and连接两个名词指同一个人，同 一件事情或者同一个概念，这时and后 的名词前没有冠词，其谓语动词用单数 形式。The writer and the teacher are coming The writer and teacher is coming,A poet and artist
15、coming to speak to us about Chinese literat and painting tomorrow afternoon,A isC was,B areD were,常见的由and 连接两个名词指一个概念的形 式The needle and thread 针 线Salt and water 盐 水The fork and knife 刀 叉Soap and water 肥皂水Iron and steel 钢 铁Bread and butter奶油面包,如果and 后面加not，谓语动词也用单 数My friend，and not hers，is chosen t
16、join the army,由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分 别有no，each，every修饰时，其谓 语动词用单数,Each actor and each actress was invited,主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，no less than，rather than，more than，as much as，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语，谓 语动词的单复数按主语的单复数 而定。,The driver，rather than his friends
17、，is responsible for the traffic accident,Professor smith，along with his assistants on the project day and night to meet the deadlinA workB workingC is workingD are working,Either，neither，each，every 或no+单数可数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定 代 词，如 something，everybody，anyone等作主语，都作单数看待。,Each of us has a new
18、 pen Everything around us is matter,在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词 可用单数或复数。,Neither of the books is/are interesting,以few，a few，many，both，both of 等词或词组修饰复数可数名词时，句子中的谓语动词用 复数；A little，much，a great deal of，A large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式,Very few students go to the cinemaA large amount of
19、 damage was done in quite time,A number of 表示”很多“的意思，修 饰可数名词的复数，做主语时，谓语动 词用复数The number of 表示”数量、号码“做 主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式,As you can see，the number of c on our roads rising these daysA was keepingB keepC keepsD were keeping,Large quantities of+可数或不可数名 词，large amounts of+不可数名词作 主语时，谓语动词一般用复数The quantity o
20、f+可数或不可数名词，the amount of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数,Large amounts of money were sp on the teaching buildingThe amount of money is greatThe quantity of heat in the office has not been increased,With more forests being destroye huge quantities of eartheach yearA is washing awayB is being washed awayC are washi
21、ng awayD are being washed away,One and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但做主语时，谓语动词用单数One and a half bananas is left on the table,如果主语由more than one+n 或many+n 构成，尽管从意义上是复数，但它 的谓语动词仍用单数Many a student is fond of collecti stamps,冠词the+形容词或分词表示一类 人时，动词用复数Thebrave/poor/rich/blind/young/old/sick等,One of+复数名词+谓语的结构中，谓 语动词用
22、单数形式One of the boys has got a price,One of+复数名词+定语从句 句型中，定语从句用的谓语动词用复数He is one of the students who always help others,如果one 前面加定冠词the 或the only，那么，后面定语从句中谓语动词用单数She was the only one of my classmates that comes from ame,He is the only one of the student who a winner of scholarship f three years.A isB areC have beenD has been,表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度数 学运算等的词或词组做主语时，尽管他 们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式 的词或词组看做是一个整体，谓语动词 就用单数形式Three weeks is a short time1000 is a large number,分数+of+名词构成的短语作主语时，其 谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致，分数作主语，要根据其代表的单复数概 念，确定单复数形式,
