1、全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题完整版及参考答案 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题完整版及参考答案2015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically re
2、lated, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 astudy published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pair
3、s of unrelated friends andunrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. AsJames Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, Most people do not even 7 their fourthcousins but somehow manage to select as friends the peopl
4、e who 8 our kin.The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Whythis similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us tosimilar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be
5、 many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us inchoosing genetically similar friends 13 than nal kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkablefindings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this couldhelp 16 why human evolution picked pace
6、 in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say theresearchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20that all subje
7、cts, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data tocheck ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded223、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、und
8、erstand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、see23Part ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)原标题：2015 年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insistedkings dont abdicate, they die in t
9、heir sleep. But embarrassing scandalsand the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and standdown. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days Does that mean the writing is onthe wall for all European royals, wit
10、h their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestylesThe Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularlypolarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above mere polities and embodya spirit of national unity.It is this
11、 apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchys continuing popularity as heads of state. Andso, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (notcounting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf
12、 and Asia, most royalfamilies have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial butrespected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, theirvery history-and sometimes the way they b
13、ehave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges andinequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolicheart of modern dem
14、ocratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesseshave day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party withthe international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasing
15、ly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the Britishroyals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.24It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well
16、-heeled)granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a prettyhierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because theyprovide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Cha
17、rles ought to know that as Englishhistory shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two graphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainAeased his relationship with his rivals.Bused to enjoy high public support.Cwas unpopular among European royals.Dended hi
18、s reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostlyAto give voters more public figures to look up to.Bto achieve a balance between tradition and reality.Cowing to their undoubted and respectable status.Ddue to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the follo
19、wing is shown to be odd, according to graph 4A The role of the nobility in modern democracies.B Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.C The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.2524. The British royals have most to fear because Char
20、lesAtakes a tough line on political issues.Bfails to change his lifestyle as advised.Ctakes republicans as his potential allies.Dfails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the textACarlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedBCharles, Anxious to Succeed to the T
21、hroneCCharles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsDCarlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all
22、MonarchiesTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data The Supreme Court will now consider whetherpolice can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person duringan arrest.26California has asked the justices to refrain from a swee
23、ping ruling, particularly one that upsets the oldassumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard,the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest i
24、f it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications arediscernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers anddefendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vaststore
25、house of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled thatpolice dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arresteewithout a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smar
26、tphone maycontain an arrestees reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recentcorrespondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much theeasier.But the justices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disrup
27、tive technology sometimesdemands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosionand accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digitalnecessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to
28、 specify novel rules for the new personal domain of thepassenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toA search for suspects mobile phones without a warrant.B check s
29、uspects phone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.27B indifference.C disapproval.D cautiousness.28. The author believes tha
30、t exploring ones phone content is comble toA getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29. In graph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police les
31、s room for action.C phones are used to store sensitive information.D citizens privacy is not effective protected. Kerrs comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)Californias argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.2826. Bcheck suspects phone contents without being authorized. getting into ones residence29. D citizens privacy is not effectively protected new technology requires reinterpretatio
