1、初中英语常考介词用法总结精华初中英语常考介词用法总结精华（名师总结语法知识点，值得下载打印背诵）1.in序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某段时间朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。（注意和at在这方面的区别：at指的是短于1天的时间点）in Tang dynasty;in the 19thcentury;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week;in a month;in the morning2表示位置在某个地方国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等(自然意义上的地方)in ch
2、ina;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky在某个场所车、教室、超市等(注意和at在这方面的区别，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方)inthe train; in the classroom;甲处于乙中除实物里面外，注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”，有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。We are in the classroom;They are sitting in the shade of a tree;They are studying in the bright light.3表示将来在以后用在一般将来时中，是从“现在时间点往后.”T
3、hey will come back in 10days4语言单位材料/关于“材料“，注意和with在这个用法上的区别。(with偏向“工具”，in偏向“材料”)I wrote a novel in Russian；The length is measured inmeter, and centimetre；This board was cast in gold.5状态方面服饰/状态：既可以指人的状态，也可指物的状态；方面：既可指具体，也可指抽象方面；服饰：尤以颜色和状态常考He wasnt in good health,so talk in low voice.Ourcountry in r
4、ich in natural resources;Agood teacher must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today初中阶段应掌握的In的常见短语 介词短语in all 总计;in general 一般来说；in time 及时；in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地； in the hope of怀着希望;in connection with 和有关;in contact with 和联系;in addition to 除以外;in case of 倘若，万一;in con
5、flict with 和冲突;in force 有效的，大批;in depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾，一想起;in behalf of 代表利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in ones opinion 在看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果，万一，以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之；in spite of 尽管;in other w
6、ords换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name of 以名义；be confident in 对有信心;be interested in 对感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry；in stock(有库存)；inpeace(平安) (at peace和平),动词短语believe in信任; bre
7、ak in break in闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in引起；产生；带来; come in进来；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；订阅，上当，受骗； turn in上缴，归还；fill in填充；get in收获；succeed in成功；check in到达登记，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括；draw in时间接近； drop in顺路拜访；givein投降、屈服； go in for 参加；爱好，追求；hand in交上，上缴；pour in源源而来。2.on序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在某天或一天内的某个时间段在星期几、具体的某一天
8、or某日的早、中、晚（时间前有定语修饰）OnSunday(Mon.Tue);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;onWed.morning;on a cold night;on childrens day(核心提示：所有的节日都是用on)2表示位置（具体）在上面与物体表面相接触（注意与aboveover的区别）Thereare a lot of books on the shelf;Onthe face; on the head;on the floorfootball fieldplaygroundroadroofOn the farm on
9、the market(常考)（抽象）在上面收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张（所有有形的，无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on）OnTV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone；Youare wrong on all these issues在（边）上左、右、两边Onthe left; on the right; on both sides; thereis a hotel on the lake3表示状态处于状态人或者物的目前状态;Onduty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on busines
10、s;on schedule; on time;onthe country；on scale4表示关系关于文章or论著（高中阶段掌握）On指专门论述（注意和about相区别）Iwant a book on South Africa.Hewrote an article on the importance of birth control靠相当于depend on的含义The people in the south liveon rice;Youcant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot5特定时
11、间一就（高中阶段掌握）相当于as soon as+主语的含义On entering the room, hefound his friends dancing；初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语Onthe spot当场；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在广播中；on fire着火；on time准时；on duty值日；on strike罢工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按时间表，准时; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other han
12、d另一方面； on ones way to在路上；on ones own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose故意，专门特别注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；onhorse骑马；on donkey骑驴动词短语Bring on引起，导致；call on号召，拜访；decide on 决定;depend on依靠，取决于；get on上车；相处；进展; go on继续; get on with进展，相处； look on旁观，观望；look onas把看/当作;look down on看不起，轻视；pass on传递，传交；han
13、d on传递下去；put on表演，上演；戴/穿上；假装；take on 呈现，具有；流行；承担，雇用；turn on打开（灯，气，水，电器等）；work on继续工作, 钻研（学问或技术）; carry on继续开展，坚持; holdon 继续；(电话)不挂断；抓牢，坚持;try on试穿。3.at序号功能含义理解核心典型例句1表示时间在时刻岁时In是时间段，at是时间点，相对更精确Atnoon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;atdinner;at the moment;at the same tim
14、e;at once;at the beginning of;at the endof;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;atsunset; at 7 oclockat（on） the weekend常考2表示地点在位置或场所家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;athe bottom of; atthe top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at h
15、ome;at thebarbars;at the airport;at the station; at 405 Victory Road 3表示度速度以速度Thecar ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed温度在度Waterusually boils at 100; at10 degrees centigrade价格按价格Thepen was sold at a good price; at low cost4表示方向朝，向表示动作的方向Aimat向.瞄准；shout at向.大喊；throw at向.扔；smile at向.微笑；rushat向.冲去;
16、fire at向.开火5表示原因由于（高中阶段掌握一般用在系表结构中，对形容词的原因进行说明Iwas surprised at the news;Hewas discouraged at his failure6表示能力擅长于固定考点：be good at;be bad at;anexpert atHeis good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词)初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语atfirst 首先，开始时；at last;at most;at least 至少；at all events 无论如何；at home 在家，无拘束；at a loss 不知怎办；at any
17、rate 不管怎样；at length 详细地；be at high tide 处于高潮期；at our invitation 应我们的邀请；at our request 应我们的请求；at the news 听到这消息；at the risk of 冒危险；at a great expense 以巨大费用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想到；at the speed of 以速度；at the cost (price) of 以为代价；at leisure 闲着、失
18、业；at stake 在危险中、在成败关头；at bottom 实际上、本质上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们；at the present stage 在现阶段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永远；动词短语call at访问（某地）；come at袭击，攻击; get at意指，本意是；理解；到达; knockat 敲打（门窗），敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而视； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向4.about序号含
19、义理解核心典型例句1关于、有关Thisis a book about how to study English2大约, 近于表示时间或数量Iwill be with you in about 3minutes;Thereare about 30students in the classroom.3到处，在周围，附近相当于here and thereHewalked about the street.4Whatabout?(习惯用语)About为介词，所以后接动词ing形式Whatabout taking a break?动词短语go about着手,四处走走;set about着手，开始;wo
20、rry about为担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bring about引起，带来,导致;knock about漫游；lookabout四处看看，四处环顾；set about doing着手做，开始；turn about向后转；think about考虑（是否去做）；argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speaktalk about谈论;complain about报怨5.above序号含义理解核心典型例句1高于，在之上表示位置
21、、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等Themountain is 2000meters above the sea level（位置）;Iknow youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)Theold lady is above eighty（年龄）;Thereare above forty girl students in the class（数量）;Ourprivate car weighs 1.8tons(重量)；Anymoney earned over that level is taxed(度量)
22、2非能力所及，超出能力、行为、品质等The maths problem is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来)介词短语Above all首先，最重要的是，最要紧的是；He was above all a good andtireless writer; above all, we must be health 6.across序号含义理解核心典型例句1横过、穿过表示动作的方向Heswam across the river;Thepoliceman helped th
23、e old man walk across the street.2在对面，在那一边表示位置上的对应关系，在隔着的对面Helives across the street;Japanlies across the pacific ocean常见短语Come across偶遇；get across横穿马路；能理解，被听懂；run across偶遇，横跨；7.against序号含义理解核心典型例句1撞到、紧靠表示动作的方向，有靠、撞击的意思Ihave hit my head against a wall;Shestood with her back against the tree;Therain
24、beat against the windows2反、逆、违背反对（赞成的反义）逆方向;违背（意愿等）Areyou for or against the plan?Therewere 20 votes for her and 12 against her;Heis swimming against this current.Shedid it against her own will3以防（大学阶段掌握此用法）Theysaved money against old age.4表示陪衬(高中阶段掌握此用法)Thered flag is fluttering against the blue sk
25、y;Hisred clothes stook out clearly against the snow.常见短语Go against违反、违背、反对；stand against反对，不支持；turn against（转而）反对，背叛；run against违反，偶然遇到；fight against与斗争； over against正对着，在对面（fe: he lived over against the school）8.after序号含义理解核心典型例句1（时间、顺序、位置）在之后表时间时，后面跟的是个时间点Afterbreakfast he ordered a taxi.Shutthe d
26、oor after you;Afteryou,please.Afew kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate2探求、追求、追寻、找与be动词或其它动词合用时，有此含义Apolice is running after a thief;Heis after a job at our place;Ithink he is only after money.Whatare you after? I am looking for my wallet.3按照、仿照、依照、效仿相当于according to的含义Makesentence
27、 after the exampleThatwas a play after Shakespeare.Theynamed the building after the scientist.4由于，尽管高级用法，高中阶段掌握Afterfailing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more timeon English study.Afterall his efforts,John has failed.常见短语 介词短语Dayafter day日复一日；year after year年复一年；One afte
28、r nother一个接一个地，相继；after alittle/moment/while过了一会；after all毕竟，终究；after ones heart合的心；after service售后服务，after the fashion勉强(fe: Hecan speak and write English after a fashion他多少会说一些英语但不太好)；动词短语Look after照顾，照看；take after相像，长得像，效仿（John takes after hisdad）；ask after问候, be after寻求,do(sth.)after学着做，go after
29、设法得到, inquire after问候, run after追求, seek after追逐 9.along序号含义理解核心典型例句1顺着，沿着表具体：沿着具体物体的边缘Wewalked along the street.2顺着，沿着表抽象：沿着抽象事物的方向发展（该用法为along的副词用法）My life is going alongnicely常见短语1.Along with与一起(fe: The babys mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)；2.all along一直（fe: Ivebeen fooling myself all along）3.bring along把带来，领来;使发展（Did youbring along some books?）4. come along 出现；沿着过来；加油；进展5. get on / along （with.）进展；相处10.among
