1、动 词 不 定 式动 词 不 定 式 一、动词不定式概述动词不定式是动词非谓语形式的一种，由to+动词原形构成（有时to也可省略）。动词不定式的变化形式有：（以动词clean为例）二、动词不定式在句子中的用法不定式作名词时，在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。1、作主语（不定式作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。）To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)在山里开车很困难。It is
2、 interesting to learn history.学习历史很有趣。2、 作宾语 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示意愿、企图等的动词，如：hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse.I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。She has decided to go.她已决定要走。 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：I find it imposs
3、ible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。3、作表语Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。4、作宾语补足语He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身去。5、常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：want,
4、tell, ask, order, wish, get, advise, expect, invite等。而hope, decide, try等词后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。I hope him to go.（）I hope to go.（） 我希望能走。不定式作形容词时，在句子中充当定语。Please give me a book to read.请给我一本书看。I have nothing to eat.我没有东西吃。I cant find a chair to sit on.我找不到一张椅子坐。I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字。He is a m
5、an to depend on.他是个可以信赖的人。 不定式作副词时，主要在句中充当状语，包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。1、作目的状语：She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。He got up early not to be late.为了不迟到，他起得很早。2、作结果状语：He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。He is not old enough to join
6、the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。=He is too young to join the army=He is so young that he cant join the army.3、作原因状语：不定式跟在表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。Im sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。Im glad to see you.见到你真高兴。三、不定式的否定及其与特殊疑问句的连用1、不定式的否定：不定式的否定只需在to前加not即可。I asked him not to stay at home.我叫他不要呆在家里。We decide no
7、t to go to school.我们决定不去上学了。2、不定式与特殊疑问词的连用不定式与特殊疑问词连用时，只需把特殊疑问词置于to的前面即可。如where to go.（去哪里），what to do.（做什么），when to begin（何时开始）等。特殊疑问词+不定式相当于一个名词，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。What to do next has not been decided yet.下一步怎么办尚未决定。（作主语）I really dont know how to use the machine.我的确不知道如何使用这台机器。（作宾语）Our trouble
8、is where to find a place to live.我们的困难是到哪儿找个地方住。（作表语）She taught me how to learn physics well.她教我如何学好物理。（作宾语补足语）四、不定式的时态和语态 1、不定式的时态：不定式一般分为两种时态：一般时to+动词原形和完成时to + have + 动词的过去分词。 一般时：不定式的一般时表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作或发生在谓语动词后（当谓语动词是表“希望”的动词）。Im excited to watch football games.看足球比赛令我兴奋。I hope to see you again
9、.希望能再次见到你。 完成时：不定式的完成时表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。Hes sad to have lost his watch.他很难过，他的表丢了。2、不定式的语态 不定式有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态：表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者。He wanted her to see the manager.他要她去见经理。The girl turned around to get another look at the handsome boy.这个女孩转过身又看了一眼那
10、潇洒的男孩。She took an umbrella for me to use. 她带了把伞让我用。 被动语态：表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。The medical team asked to be sent to the front at once.医疗队要求立即送他们去前线。The baby to be taken care of is Johns son.要照顾的婴儿是约翰的儿子。 五、不定式的省略1、不定式中to的省略 当不定式在感官动词和使役动词后作宾语补足语时，to应省略。但在变为被动句时，to必须加上。常见的感官动词有：see, watch, hear, notic
11、e, feel及短语listen to, look at常见的使役动词有：make, let, have。I saw him swim in the river yesterday. 昨天我看见他在这条河里游泳。被动He was seen to swim in the river by me yesterday.昨天他被我看见在这条河里游泳。She made me tell the truth.她叫我说实话。被动I was made to tell the truth by her.我为她所迫说了实话。 help后面不定式作宾语补足语时，可带to，也可省略toTom helped her (t
12、o) carry the box.汤姆帮她拎着箱子。 当两个以上的不定式并列出现时（由and连接），第一个不定式带to，其余的省略。He told Mike to go to the bookstore and buy a textbook.他告诉迈克去书店，并买一本教材。He asked me to go home and have a rest.叫我回家并休息一下。2、不定式中动词的省略 在简短回答时，不定式常常省略后面的动词，而只保留to。（在感官动词或使役动词后to也可省略）-Will you go to the park with me? 愿意和我一起去公园吗？-Id like to
13、.愿意。-Will Lucy go dancing? 露茜去跳舞吗？-No, her mother wont let her.不，她不让她去。 为避免不必要的重复，不定式亦常常省略to后的动词，而只保留to。I asked her to go to school, but she didnt want to. 叫她去上学，但她不想去。He wanted to use your car, but I told him not to. 他想用你的车，但我告诉他别用动词不定式专项练习 单项选择1. Id love _ that film, will it be on tomorrow?A. see
14、B. to see C. seeing D. seen2. The teacher asked me _ the question in English.A. answer B. to answer C. answered D. answering3. He told them _ on with the work.A. to go B. going C. go D. went4. Well try _ the work before seven oclock.A. finished B. finish C. to finish D. finishing5.The doctor told my
15、 brother _ in the sun.A. dont read B. not read C. to not read D. not to read6. We have worked for two hours. Now lets stop _a rest.A. having B. to have C. to has D. have7. Stop _ and listen to me carefully. said the teacher.A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talks8. He is strong enough _ the box.A. ca
16、rry B. to carry C. carrying D. carries9. Have you got enough food _ ?A. eat B. eated C. eating D. to eat10. I really dont know _ the clock.A. to repair B. how repair C. to how repair D. how to repair11. Do you know _a washing machine?A. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get12.
17、 The students dont know _ next.A. to do what B. what to do C. what do D. do what13. It is not easy _a foreign language.A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learning14. Its important _ and helpful.A. to be kind B. to kind C. be kind D. kind15. I have something important _ you.A. tell B. telling C. to te
18、ll D. tell to16. Alice has a lot of things _.A. to do B. doing C. did D. does17. Im hungry. Please give me something _ .A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. eaten18. To use computers _ helpful in this society.A. is B. are C. does D. be19. He was told _ football on the road.A. to play B. plays C. play D. no
19、t to play20. She decided _ the shirt by herself.A. to wash and to iron B. to wash and iron C. wash and iron D. washes and irons21. I really dont know _ next. Can you tell me ?A、how to do B、what to do C、how will I do it D、what to do it22. The doctor was busy _ on the boy at that time.A、operate B、to o
20、perate C、operated D、operating23. Can you help me _ my Chinese?A. at B. to C. in D. with24. Do you mind _ the window?A. to open B. my open C. my to open D. my opening25. Will you please help me_ this afternoon?A. do the wash B. to the wash C. doing the washing D. do the washing26. Could you tell me _
21、 with the money?Ahow to do Bwhat should I doChow I should do Dwhat I should do27. The students are always _ English or Chinese every morning on weekdaysA. kept reading Bkeeping reading Ckept to read Dkeeping to read28. What are they busy _?A. to do B. do C. doing D. done29. Its very cold outside. Yo
22、u had better _your coat.A. take off B. to put on C. put on D. to take off30. On my way home yesterday, I stopped _ some oranges in the fruit shop.A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. buy31. .Liu Ying told me _ for her at home.A. waitsB. waitC. to waitD. waiting32. Mrs Zhang is too _ to go on walking.A.
23、strongB. tallC. kindD. tired 用不定式完成下列各句。1. （把英语学好）isnt easy.2. This is the room .（住）3. He made the children .（哭） The baby is often heard .（哭）4. Can you tell me .（如何去那所学校）5. There are quite many books .（读）6. Dont stop （休息）before you finish doing your homework.7. Mother wants me .（将来成为一位教师）8. We have
24、planned （去打篮球）tomorrow.9. The students was made .（再打扫一遍教室）10. Its important （友善）and helpful. 参考答案 单项选择1. B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.B21.B 22.D 23.D 24.D 25.D 26.D 27.B 28.C 29.C 30.B 31. C 32.D二、用不定式完成下列各句1. To learn English well2. to live i
25、n3. cry; to cry4. how to get to that school5. to read6. to have a rest7. to become a teacher in the future8. to play basketball9. to clean the classroom again10. to be kind语法复习动词不定式撰稿：胡欲晓 审稿： 牛新阁 责编：白雪雁动词不定式概述定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。e.g. He wants his students
26、 to read the book aloud. 1. 不定式的构成 （以动词do为例） 主动形式 一般式 to do 完成式 to have done 进行式 to be doing2. 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。My wish is to become a doctor. He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示动作正在进行，这时候不定式就要用进行式。（to be doing）。 They are
27、said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done)。He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited
28、us. 不定式在句中所做成分动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 一、不定式做主语：1. 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 e.g. To finish the building in a month is difficult. To do such things is foolish. To see is to believe. (对等) 注：1) 不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。 2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语
29、动词之后常用于下列结构中： (1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do Its nice of him to help me out.(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary (3) it is +a +名词+ to do. It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job to do It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do It took them two weeks to finish the design. 二、不定式做表语主语是以aim /duty/ hope/ idea/ intention /plan/ job/ suggestion/ wish/ purp
