1、英语语言学概论题与答案ExercisesI. Multiple Choice1. studies language change over time in contrast to looking at languageas it is used at a given moment.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics2. Of all the speech organs, the is/are the most flexibl
2、e.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3. In terms of place of articulation, the following sounds p, b, m and wshare the feature of .A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental4. A(n) is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collectionof distinctive phonetic features.A. phone
3、B. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme5. Which of the following sound description is for d?A. voiced labiodental fricativeB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless labiodental fricativeD. voiceless alveolar stop6. What is the phonetic feature of the sound u?A. close back shortB. semi-close front shortC. semi-open
4、 central shortD. open front short7. Which of the following sentences contain a derivational affix?A. The cows escaped.B. It was raining.C. Those socks are inexpensive.D. She closed the book.8. The morpheme “ed” in the word “ worked ” is kno_w_n_a_s_a.(n)A. derivational morphemeB. lexical morphemeC.
5、inflectional morphemeD. functional morpheme9. “-e”n in “ enlarge ” is a(n) .A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root10. is the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning orfunction.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme11. Which of the following
6、forms is possible word of English?A. sprokeB. bsarnC. mboodD. coofp12. Which pair of words below shows the relation of antonymy. A. flourish thriveB. intelligent stupidC. casualinformalD. flog whip13. We call the relation between “ furniture ob”e”aansd _“_w_a_r.drA. hyponymyB. meronymyC. homophonyD.
7、 homonymy14. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to .A. breakdown of conversationB. confusion of one s intentionC. hostility between speakers and the listenersD. conversational implicatures15. In the phrase structure rule “S NP VP”, the arrow can be read as A. is equal toB. cons
8、ists ofC. hasD. generates16. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is .A. lexicalB. morphemeC. grammaticalD. semantic17. The pair of words “ hot ” and “ cold ” are .A. gradable antonymsB. relati onal antonymsC. compleme ntary antonymsD. co-hyp onyms18. Which pair of the followi ng are com
9、pleme ntary antony ms?A. alive / deadB. above / belowC. poor / richD. doctor / patie nt19. What is the relatio n betwee n the pair of senten ces:He likes seafood.He likes crabsA. synonymyB. incon siste ncyC. en tailme ntD. presuppositi on20. Which pair of the followi ng are homographs?A. piece n. /
10、peace n.B. tear v. / tear n.C. fast adj. / fast v.D. flower n. / rose n.21. Which pair of the following are dialectal synonyms?A. lorry, truckB. kid, childC. collaborator, accompliceD. amaze, asto und22. “ Lift ” and “ elevator ” form a pairsyfnonyms.A. stylisticB. dialecticalC. collocati onalD. con
11、no tative15. All syllables must have a .A. onsetB. codaC. nucleusD. consonant23. studies language and speech as they are used at a given moment and not interms of how they have evolved over time.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics24
12、. deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics25. Of the following sound combination, only is permissible in English.A. iblkB. ilbkC. ilkbD. blik26. Which pair of words below shows the
13、relation of synonymy. A. drunk soberB. uncleauntC. young oldD. casual informal27. The senserelationship between “ Hehas been to France ”and “ Heh as been to Europe ” is .A. hyponymyB. antonymyC. presuppositionD. entailment28. In the phrase structure rule “ NP (Det) N (PP)” the arrow can be readas .A
14、. is equal toB. branches intoC. transformsD. generates29. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds trslzn sharethe feature of .A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental30. Y s utterance in the following convetriosna violates the maxim of .X: When is Susans farewell party?Y: Someti
15、me next month.A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner31. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the because thiskind of speech act isidentical with the speaker s intention.A. locutionary actB. constative actC. perlocutionary actD. illocutionary act32. We call the relation betwe
16、en “ vehicle ” and “ car ” as .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy33. Which of the following pairs differs from the others in the sense relation? A. good, badB. long, shortC. big, smallD. innocent, guilty34. As far as manners of articulation are concerned, which of the following differs fro
17、m the others? A. pB. bC. tD. f35. Which pair of the following belong to meronymy?A. animal, tigerB. hand, fingerC. livestock, dogD. furniture, dresser36. “-En” in “ blacken ” is_a_(n_)_._A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root37. Transformational rules do not change the b
18、asic of sentences.A. formB. structureC. meaningD. sound pattern38. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called .A. commissivesB. directivesB.expressivesD. declaratives39. The illocutio nary point of the is to express t
19、he psychological state specifiedin the uttera nee.A. declarationsB. expressivesB.commissivesD. directives40. Y sutteranee in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim ofX: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. qua ntityC. rela
20、ti onD. mannerII. Bla nk filli ng1. Productivityor_ refers to man linguistic ability which enables him to produceand un dersta nd an infin itely large nu mber of sen ten ces in our n ative Ian guage, in clud ing the senten ces which were n ever heard before.2. Some antonyms are gadable_ because ther
21、e are ofte n in termediate forms betwee nthe two members of a pair.3. Duality is the way meaningless elements of Ianguage at one level (sounds andletters) comb ine to form meanin gful un its (words) at ano ther level.4. Accord ing to its positi on in the new word, affixes are divided in to two kin d
22、s:prefixes and suffixes.5. Phono logical rules that gover n the comb in ati on of sounds in a particular Ian guageare called sequential rules.6. Root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of itsmeaning.7. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the o
23、rigi nal wordand it may change its part of speech.8. In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition ofaffixes to stems to form new words.9. Some morphemes cannot normally stand alone, but function only as parts ofwords, e.g. , -er, -ed andng, which are called bound morpheme
24、s.10. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolati on, they are collectively known as intonation.11. Lanuguge s a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humancom muni cati on.12. Saussure put forward two important concepts. Langue_ refers to the ab
25、stract lin guistic system shared by all members of a speech com mun ity.13. Broad transcription is normally used in dictionary and teachingtextbooks for gen eral purposes.14. The root _ con stitutes the core of the word and carries the majorcomp onent of its meaning.15. Prefixes modify the meaning o
26、f the stem, but usually do not change thepart of speech of the origi nal word.16. Displacement is a design feature of human Ianguage that enables speakersto talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space.17. An independent unit of meaning that can be use
27、d freely by itself is calleda free _ morpheme.18. Clear l and dark l are allophones of the same one phoneme /I/. They nevertake the same positi on in sound comb in atio ns; thus they are said to be in complementary distributi on.19. Stem is the base to which one or more affixes are attached to creat
28、e amore complex form that may be ano ther stem or a word.20. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of Ianguage.h21. The two sounds p and p are in complementary distribution, and they areknown as alloph ones of the phon eme /p/.22. Syntax is a branch of lin guistics that studies how words are comb
29、 inedto form senten ces and the rules that gover n the formatio n of senten ces.23. Cooperative Prin ciple (CP) is proposed by Paul Grice .24. Words are names or labels for things” This view is called naming theory insema ntic studies.25. The sentence My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor is
30、a contradition.III. True or false questi ons.(T ) 1. “ Where did he buy the beer ” presupposes “ He bought the beer ”.(F) 2. Sense and refere nee are the same aspects of meaning.(F ) 3. A word s category can be told straightforward from iiteeaning.(T ) 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be us
31、ed freely all by themselves arefree morphemes.(T ) 5. The meaning carried by the in flect ional morpheme is grammatical.(T ) 6. “ The student in the sentence The student liked the linguistic lecture“ Thdinguistic lecture in the sentence “ Thdinguistic lecture liked the student ” belong to the same syntactic category.(F ) 7. Compounds with a
