1、中考英语语法专题一动词学生版学生姓名：鲁晓宇 年级：初三任教学科：英语 教学次数：1 教学时间：2014/02/09 13:00-15:00 指导教师：江洪 教学模式：小班 教学地点：滨湖区万达 新区宝龙 胡埭校区初中英语语法2019-2020年中考英语语法专题一动词学生版1. 动词的种类 按其作用可分为行为动词（实义动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词1) 行为动词（实义动词） 行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓语 e.g. The sun shone brightly this morning.2) 连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系
2、动词有be，become，get，look，seem，feel，smell，sound，keep，become，turn，fall等 e.g. She is a good swimmer.3) 助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。常见的助动词有be，have(has)，do(does)，will(would)，shall(should)1. 助动词的基本形式原形一般式过去式过去分词现在分词beamwasbeenbeingisarewerehavehavehadhadhavinghasdodoesdiddonedoin
3、gdoshallshallshouldwillwillwould 2.助动词的用法一、 be后面跟现在分词构成各种进行时态 e.g. My mother is cooking in the chicken.二、 be后面跟过去分词构成被动语态 e.g. This bridge was built twenty years ago.三、 be后面跟动词不定式表示根据安排要发生的事情e.g. We are to have an English evening next week.1 助动词have的用法A. have后面跟过去分词构成完成时态 e.g. I have been to the tea
4、chers office.B. have后面跟动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情 e.g. Its raining hard. She has to stay at home.2 助动词do的用法A. 用来构成疑问句和否定句 e.g. I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。B. 用来加强语气，起强调作用，一般解释为“一定要”，“真的” e.g. Do come and see me.C. 用来代替前面刚提到的动词以避免重复 e.g. I work harder than he does.3 助动词shall/should与will/would的用法
5、A. shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形。 e.g. We shall visit the Science Museum next month. He asked me if I should take part in the sports meet.B. will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形 e.g. The weather report says that there will be heavy rain tomorrow afternoon. 【注】现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用sha
6、ll表示将来时间已越来越少，大量采用will，它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使是第一人称疑问句也用will。 e.g. We will set off soon. Will I be able to go out tomorrow.4) 情态动词 情态动词本身有词义，表示说话人对某种动作和状态的看法，但不能独立作谓语，和动词原形一起构成谓语，情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1. 2. 几个常用情态动词的用法1 情态动词can(could)的用法1. 表示智力、体力方面的能力 e.g. He can speak both English and French.2. 在口语中，can常代替may，表示
7、“许可”、“可以” e.g. Can I use your computer?3. can有时意为可能，表示说话人的“怀疑”、“猜测”或“不肯定”，常用于否定句或疑问句 e.g. Can the news be true?4. could可代表can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转 e.g. Could you please ring up again at six?【注】 be able to可以和can(could)表示同样意思 e.g. No one can do it.=No one is able to do it. 表示将来或其他时间的能力和做具体一件事的能力时要用be able
8、 to， e.g. Will you be able to come tonight?2 情态动词may(might)的用法A. 表示允许或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思 e.g. You may go now.【注】回答带有may的疑问句时，否定式常用must not(mustnt)，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思 e.g. May I take this magazine out of the reading-room? No, you mustnt.B. 表示说话人的猜测，认为某一件事“或许”、“可能”发生 e.g. You may be right.C. Might也可以代替may，
9、表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定 e.g. It might rain this afternoon.3 情态动词must和have to的用法A. 表示“必须”，“应当” e.g. We must be strict in our work.B. must的否定形式must notmustnt，表示“不可以”、“禁止”的意思，语气比较强烈。C. 回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need notneednt或dont have，表示“不必”、“用不着” e.g. Must we hand in our exercise today？ No，you neednt.D. 表示说
10、话人对事物的推测，比may语气肯定得多，意为“一定”、“准是” e.g. She must know how to solve the problem.E. have to表示“不得不”、“必须”的意思，它比must更含有“客观条件时的必须如此做”的意思，并有较多的时态 e.g. She has to do a lot of housework every day.4 情态动词should的用法A. 表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当” e.g. You should listen to the doctors advice.B. 表示预测，常译为“可能” e.g. They should be h
11、ere by now.5 情态动词need的用法A. need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“需要”、“必须” e.g. You neednt come here so early tomorrow.B. need可用作实义动词，其否定形式要借助dont，doesnt或didnt；疑问形式要借助do，does或did e.g. Do you need any help?6 情态动词willwould的用法A. 用于疑问句,一般用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问 e.g. Will you have another cup of coffee?B. 表示“意愿”、“决心”
12、等，可用于各种人称 e.g. Ill do my best.C. 用would时语气比will委婉 e.g. Would you please pass me the ruler?7 情态动词shall的用法在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示 e.g. Shall we go out for a walk?2012中考真题欣赏【2012贵州铜仁】31.You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. need D. must【2012贵州毕节】30. Whe
13、n winter comes, days get _.A. long and long B. short and short C. longer and longer D. shorter and shorter【2012福建福州】41. Mum, must I stay there the whole day? No, you_. You_come back after lunch, if you like.A. mustnt; can B. neednt; must C. neednt; may【2012贵州贵阳】45. “Whose notebook is this?” “It _ Ji
14、ms. It has his name on it.” A. cant be B. must be C. can be【2012.安徽省】42. Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You_ hurry now.A. should B. neednt C. must D. cant【2012北京】27. Mum, must I wash the dishes right now?No, you _.A. shouldnt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt【2012甘肃鸡西市】31. Is that you
15、r teacher? That_be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not【2012广东】34. I swim here? Im sorry. Children swim alone here.A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can【2012贵州安顺】18.You can hardly swim，_you?_But my mother says shell teach me during my summer holid
16、ayAcant；No Bcan；No Ccant；Yes Dcan；Yes【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】31. Is that your teacher? That _be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _it every day. A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise sp
17、eaking【2011湖北恩施】35. Is that girl under the tree Mary?No, that _be Mary. She is in New York.A. can B. mustnt C. cant【2012 湖北黄石】36.Is Maria kocking at the door?It_be her. She is in Australia now.A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant 【2012湖北荆州】21. Shall we take a taxi? No, we . Its not far from here. A. c
18、ant B. mustnt C, shouldnt D. neednt【2012湖北武汉】35. You _ be happy with the strong public support youve received.Yes,youre right.Im really excited.A.mayB.can C.mustD.need【2012湖北咸宁】26. Tom, you _ play with the knifeYou_ hurt yourselfBA. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should【2012湖北咸
19、宁】27.Jim, can you _ this word in Chinese? B Yes, I can_ a little Chinese.A. speak; say B. say; speak C. tell; speak D. talk; say【2012湖北宜昌】33. My brother won the first prize in speech competition. Congratulations! You be excited about that! A. need B. must C. would D. can【2012湖南常德】25. In competition,
20、 as in life, you _ not always win.A. may B. shall C. must【2011湖南株洲】26. That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant【2012江苏淮安】6. Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon?No, you . All of us will go on an outing.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt【2012江
21、苏连云港】4.Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing. Really? Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant【2012江苏南京】5. -Have you decided which senior high school to choose? -Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must B. may C. ne
22、ed D. should【2012江苏苏州】7. I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S. _ I have a look?Yes, certainly.A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should【2012江苏无锡】6. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young!A. mustnt B. must C. cant D. can【2012江苏宿迁】16. Must I do my homework now, Mum? . You can do it tomorrow. A. No
23、, you neednt B. No, you mustntC. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must【2012江苏盐城】6. Dad, must I practice the piano today? No, you . You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant【2012江苏扬州】8. Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic? Im not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know.A. need
24、B. can C. may D. shall【2012江苏镇江】3. Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _ hardly see the words on the blackboard. - Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.A. can B. must C. may D. need【2012江西】30. Last year I _ drive. I used to take the bus.A. could B. couldnt C. should D. shouldnt 【2012辽宁大连
25、】9.InBritain,you_be18ifyouwanttodriveacar.A.canB.mustC.mayD.might【2012 内蒙古包头】28. You be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon. Yes, I cant wait any longer.A. shall B. can C. need D. must【2012 呼和浩特】10. _ I try on those shoes in the window?_. They are just on show A. Could; Yes, you can
26、B. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cant D. Can; Yes, you could配套练习题( ) 1. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss. A. could B. didnt have to C. might D. shouldnt( ) 2. Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt(
27、 ) 3. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may( ) 4. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need( ) 5. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A.
28、 can B. could C. would D. must( ) 6. Its still early. You _.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry( ) 7. May I stop here? -No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont( ) 8. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may n
29、ot D. might not( ) 9. Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should( ) 10. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will( )11. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may( ) 12. _ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must( ) 13. You _ be more careful next time. A. have to B. may C. must D. might( ) 14. You _ miss the lesson, though we _ have it on Thursday. A. mustnt; neednt B. ne
