1、高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版选修8核心词汇梳理并重点训练选修 8Unit 1 A land of diversitymeans, majority, percentage, occur, make a life, keep up, take in, a great / good many1. means n. 手段；方法by this means 用这种方法by means of 通过；用；借助于by no means 决不；一点也不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）by all means 务必、不惜一切地；（用于交际英语表示同意）当然可以，没问题eg: Today an airs
2、hip is used as means of advertising.The burglars entered the house by means of a ladder.By no means is this the first time you have been late.注： means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查；要注意，means作主语时，前有 several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。 way多与in连用，构成inway method多与with连用，构成withmethod means多与by连用，构成bym
3、eans approach多与to连用，构成approach to2. majority n. 大多数；大半in a / the majority 占大多数get a majority 获得多数票have a majority over sb 获得多于某人的票数；战胜某人by / with a majority of 以大多数赢得minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数eg: He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.A majority of people believe smoking is harmful to he
4、alth.The majority of lone parents are divorced or separated women.注： 单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。The majority were / was against the plan.单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。The majority who attended the meeting yesterday are students. 复数名词 + 复数谓语动词The majority of 不可数名词 +单数谓语动词The majority of the damage is easy to
5、 repair.3. percentage n. 百分比；百分率percentage“百分比，百分率”，其前不用具体的数字修饰，可以被high，low等形容词修饰。percent“百分之”，相当于“%”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。“a percentage of + n.”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视名词的单复数而定。eg: The unemployment percentage keeps rising in the recent financial crisis.California is a state with a high percentage of immigrants.Ov
6、er ninety percent of my classmates have an English dictionary.4. occur vi. 发生；出现occur to sb 发生在某人身上it occurs to sb to do sth 某人想起做某事sth occurs to sbsth strikes sbsth comes to sb 某人突然想起It occurs to sb that-clauseIt strikes sb that-clauseeg: It occurred to me to visit my parents.It occurred to her tha
7、t she might adopt a homeless child.I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident occurred.5. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃live / lead alife 过着生活come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气bringback to life 使苏醒过来full of life 充满生气for life 终生；一生；终身start a new life
8、 开始新生活to the life 栩栩如生；逼真make / earn a / ones living 谋生eg: They went to the West and decided to make a life there.To our surprise, he came to life soon.The rescue team brought the baby back to life.6. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）keep (on) doing sth 继续、重复做某事keep sth up 使某物保持在高水平keep sb from doing sth 阻止某
9、人做某事keep on 继续keep out of 不进入（某处），留在外边keep to sth 遵守；信守keep up with 跟上；与同步前进eg: I hope the fine weather will keep up.Police warned bystanders to keep away from the blazing building.She kept on working although she was tired.Things will only work out if we all keep to the plan.7. take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗t
10、ake away 拿走；使离开；消除（病痛等）take down 记下来；拆掉take for （错）当做；（误）以为take off 起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on 呈现；雇用take over 接收；接管；取代take up 占去，占据；开始；从事eg: He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.This kind of cloth takes in water easily.Learning English takes up a lot of my time.8. a g
11、reat / good many 许多；很多manya great many + 可数名词的复数 a good many + 复数谓语a good / large number of mucha good / great deal of + 不可数名词 + 单数谓语a large amount of a lot of 可数名词的复数 + 复数谓语lots of + plenty of 不可数名词 + 单数谓语large amounts of + 不可数名词 + 复数谓语quantities of + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语a mass of + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词 + 单
12、数谓语masses of + 可数名词的复数/不可数名词 + 复数谓语eg: Tom found that there were a great / good many people already there.It seems that a great / good many of them are out of work now.A great many of the flowers were white.注：a good / great many后接复数名词，但 a good / great many后接of时，必须加限定词，如these / those / the / ones等，然后
13、再加名词复数。 9. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别。Thats why 这就是为什么 (why从句表示结果)Thats because 这是因为 (because从句表示原因)The reason whyis / was that 的原因是 (表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)eg: Tom came late for the meeting. That was because he was
14、 ill.Tom was ill. That was why he came late for the meeting.The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.练习：1. -Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child? -Yes, . A. thats all right B. by all means C. it just depends D. never mind2. The majority of the stud
15、ents in his class for the plan. A. is B. are C. is going to D. will3. A large of the hotels income from the visitors to the lake nearby. A. percentage; are B. percentage; is C. percent; are D. percent; is4. -How did it that you made so many mistakes in your homework? -I myself havent figured it our
16、yet. A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. occur to5. Has it ever you that this old book might be valuable? A. occurred B. occurred to C. struck to D. come6. 事故使他终身残废。 7. 这对夫妻过着幸福的生活。 8. In the face of all these difficulties, were not discouraged and our spirits well. A. keep up B. go up C.
17、 hold up D. pick up9. Dont us in suspense any longerwhat happens at the end of the story? A. allow B. keep C. stay D. promise10. The students find it easy to what you teach. A. take up B. take on C. take in D. take off11. They look honest but sometimes we are by them. A. taken in B. taken up C. made
18、 up D. put up12. the students in our school go to college in their teens. A. A good many B. A great many of C. A great deal of D. A lot of13. The reason death was feared was no man could experience it twice. A. why; that B. why; because C. why; why D. because; thatUnit 2 Cloningundertake, object, fo
19、rbid, owe, bother, resist, pay off, in favour of, be bound to do sth1. undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt. 着手；从事；承担undertake a task 承担任务undertake to do sth 同意、答应或着手做某事undertake that-clause 保证undertaking n. 任务；事业；企业eg: She undertook the organization of the whole scheme.He undertook to finish the jo
20、b by Friday.I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.2. object vi. 不赞成；反对 n. 物体；目标object to (sb / sth) 反对（某人 / 某事）object to doing sth 反对做某事objection n. 反对；不赞成have / take / make an objection to (doing) sth 对表示反对raise an objection to sth 对提出异议objective adj. 真实的；客观的；无偏见的eg: We object to being treat
21、ed like this.I objected that he was too young for the position.My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.注：object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，接宾语后需加介词to；oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语后不需加介词to。be opposed to表示“反对；和相反”。3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) vt. 禁止；不准forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forb
22、id that 禁止 (从句中常用should+动词原形)forbid sb sth 禁止某人某事forbid sb from doing 禁止某人做Its forbidden to do sth 做某事是禁止的Forbidden City 紫禁城eg: The new law forbids smoking in offices.Their father forbade them to go.I forbid that you (should) enter the room.4. owe v. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；应该向付出；应该把归功于oweto 欠；把归功于；应感激owetofor 因
23、欠owe sb sth (= owe sth to sb) 欠某人某物owing adj. 欠的；未付的 owing to 因为；由于eg: He owes his success more to luck than to ability.He owes $50 to his friend.Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.5. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother sb with / about sth 为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother about / with sth 为某事烦恼bother
24、to do / doing 操心做某事It bothers sb that / to do sth 使某人苦恼的是辨析bother / disturb / trouble / annoy：这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的；含有使人讨厌的意味。disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。annoy通常指重复性的行为使（别人）生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。eg: I dont want
25、 to bother you with my problems.Whats troubling youmoney problems?These flies are annoying me.6. resist vt. 抵抗；忍住(多与cannot，couldnt连用)be hard / impossible to resist 难以拒绝resist sb / sth 抵抗 / 抵制某人 / 某物cant / couldnt resist doing sth 禁不住干某事resist doing sth 抵制干某事resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to 对有
26、抵抗力的 resistance n. 拒绝；反对eg: He is in good healthhe is able to resist diseases.I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.7. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清pay sth off 全部偿还；偿清（债务）pay sb for sth = pay sth to sb for sth 付钱给某人作为的费用pay for sth 为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay back
27、还钱；报复pay a price for 为所得付出代价eg: They took a hell of a risk but it paid off.Can you lend me $10? Ill pay you back on Friday.Ill make her pay for ruining my chances!8. in favour of 赞成；支持be in / out of favour (with sb) = be in / out of sbs favour 得到 / 失去某人的尊重、赞同等in sbs favour 对某人有利in favour 赞同的；流行的；得宠的
28、out of favour 失宠的；不流行的 do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人忙owe sb a favour 欠某人情favour sb with sth 为某人做某事eg: Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?Could you do me the favour to pick up Sam from school today?Shes not in favour with the media just now.9. be bound to do sth 一定做某事；有责任或义务做某事
29、be bound up in sth 忙于某事；热衷于某事物be bound up with sth 与某事物关系密切be bound for 去；准备去eg: Youve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam.I feel bound to tell you that youre drinking too much!We are bound for home.10. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.此句中的that引导的从句为同
30、位语从句，that仅其连接作用，无意义。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, fear等。同位语从句常用that引导，也可由连接代词who, what, whose, which，连接副词 how, when, where, why或连词 whether来引导。eg: He had no idea when she would come back.The thought that Lao Li would open a rest
31、aurant in New York surprised his wife.He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.11. The great drawback to cloning a group of animals is that they would all have the same arrangement of genes and so might die of the same illness.本句中that引导的从句为表语从句，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，表语从句主要有以下两种类型：
