1、初中英语易错题分析三初中英语易错题分析（三）1. both误They both are students.正They are both students.误They refuse both to answer this question.正They both refuse to answer this question.析both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。误I know his both parents.正I know both his parents.误The both brothers were students.正Both the brothers were stu
2、dents.正Both brothers were students.析当both与形容词性物主代词my，his，her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。误Both of my parents are not at home.正Neither of my parents are at home.误Both of your answers are not right.正Neither of your answers is right.正Both your answers are wrong.析both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示“两者都
3、不”时要用neither；但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I can not give both of the books to you.（我不能将两本书全给你。）而I can not give either of the books to you.（两本书中哪本书也不能给你。）2. bring误Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.正Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.误Next time, please take your little sister here.正Ne
4、xt time, please bring your little sister here.析英语中bring是“带来”，而take是“带走”。还有一个词fetch, 表示“到某处去把某物取、接回来”。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.3. business误My father went to Shanghai for business.正My father went to Shanghai on business.析on business出差4. busy误The students were very busy to prepare for the exam
5、.正The students were very busy preparing for the exam.析be busy doing something为“忙于作某事”。误The students were busy for the exam.正The students were busy with the exam.析busy直接接名词时应用with。5. but误He couldnt help but realizing that he was wrong.正He couldnt help but realize that he was wrong.误She couldnt help t
6、o cry when she saw her mother.正She couldnt help crying when she saw her mother.析couldnt help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldnt help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为“他才真正认识到他错了。”6. buy误I have bought this dictionary for three years.正I have had this dictionary for three years.析buy是截止性（即瞬间）动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bough
7、t this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。7. by误The boy shot the cat by a gun.正The boy shot the cat with a gun.误He came to school by a taxi this morning.正He came to school by taxi this morning.析作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car，by bike，by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词
8、，如：“我们今天早上是乘他的车来的”一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning. 与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说；by hand手工制作；by oneself独自地；by no means决不。8. call误Ill call at Mr Brown.正Ill call on Mr Brown.误Ill call on Mr Browns home.正Ill call at Mr Browns home.析作“拜访”讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。call on, drop in, visitcall
9、on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If youre free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My schools headmaster will visit America next week.9. can误A blind man can not judge colours.正A blind man cannot judge colours.误I cannt call for you at ten.正I cant call for
10、you at ten.析can的否定形式应为cannot或cant.误Its only six oclock. That mustnt be the postman.正Its only six oclock. That cant be the postman.析 must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用cant，要表示对过去的推测则要用“must + have +过去分词”的表达法，如：The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而
11、对过去的否定推测则多用“cant + have + 过去分词”，如：I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.误We could not help to laugh at once.正We could not help laughing at once.正We could not help but laugh at once.析 “couldnt help + 动名词”表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (hel
12、p) but respect him.can, be able tocan与be able to都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，be able to则可用任何时态，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。can,
13、couldcan与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story?10. care误I dont care coffee.正I dont care for coffee.误Take care for your steps.正Take care of your steps.析 care for是“对某物感兴趣”，而care of是“关心，要当心某事”，如：She didnt care for him. Take care of what you are doing.误I dont care where we wil
14、l go if it doesnt rain.正I dont care where we go if it doesnt rain.析在it doesnt matter，I dont care，I dont mind，及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如：Ive got a football in case we have time for a game.1. come误I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.正I came across an old friend in the street yes
15、terday.析 come across是“偶然碰见、遇见”，要直接加宾语，如：Ive just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.误A: Where do you come from? B: I come from the station.正A: Where did you come from? B: I came from the station.正A: Where do you come from? B: I come from China.析 Where do you come from?意为“你是什么地方的人?”而Where
16、did you come from?则是“你从何处来?”误The stars are coming out from the cloud.正The stars are coming out of the cloud.析come out of意为“从地方出来”。come in, come into, entercome in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.enter常作为及物动词使用，如
17、：The bus entered the English tunnel.2. congratulate误I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.正I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.析动词congratulate somebody on something是“向某人祝贺某事”。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success
18、.又如：Congratulations!3. cook误My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.析很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如work - worker, teach - teacher. 但cook即是动词“做饭”，同时名词也是“厨师”。而cooker则是“厨具”、“炊具”之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker（高压锅）。4. corner误There is a post office in the corner of the stre
19、et.正There is a post office at the corner of the street.误A girl sat at the corner of the room.正A girl sat in the corner of the room.析 in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.5. cost误I cost ten dollars for the book.正I spent ten dollars on the b
20、ook.误I cost two hours to do my homework.正It took me two hours to do my homework.析cost，spend，take都可以作“花费”讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是“something + cost + somebody + 时间或金钱”，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是“somebody + spend + 时间 + (in)doing something”，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或“somebody
21、+ spend + 金钱 + on something”，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it：“It + takes + somebody + 时间 + to do something”, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.6. country误You can find cows in a country.正You can find cows in the country.析country即可作“国家”讲，也可作“农村”讲。当作“农村”讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数
22、形式。误Farmers live in the countries.正Farmers live in the country.析但作为“国家”讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：The Chinese nation（中华民族）。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：the state
23、 farm（国营农场）。7. cross误There are traffic lights at the cross.正There are traffic lights at the crossing.析cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如：Red Cross（红十字会）。误The little boy is going to across the street.正The little boy is going to cross the street.析across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。cross, pass cross是指横过某地，如：He crossed the squ
24、are. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.8. crowd误The room soon was crowded by people.正The room soon was crowded with people.析crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：The room was crowded with books.9. cup误A silver glass was given to the winner.正A silver cup was given
25、 to the winner.误My mother was looking for the whisky cup.正My mother was looking for the whisky glass.析glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.10. dance误Well invite you and your wife to a dance party.正Well
26、invite you and your wife to a dancing party.正Well invite you and your wife to a dance.正Well invite you and your wife to a ball.（美语中常用ball作为舞会。）1. change误I want to change my camera with that one.正I want to change my camera for that one.析 change for为“以某物为交换物”。而change with则是“随而变”，如：The woods colour cha
27、nged with the season.2. cheap误A teachers salary is generally very cheap.正A teachers salary is generally very low.析工资的高低要用low，cheap是指价格便宜，如果要讲物美价廉则要用not expensive, 如：This car is not expensive.3. choose误We each had to have a choose of A or B.正We each had to have a choice of A or B.析choice是名词，而choose是动
28、词。4. class误The class is watching TV.正The class are watching TV.析class作主语时，如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词，如：The class was more than forty in number. 如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词，如：The class are, in general, very bright.5. clean误Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I cleanly forgot.正Sorry, I didnt bought it here. I clean
29、forgot.析clean可以作为副词讲，其意为“完全”，而cleanly则意为“正确地”、“干净利落地”，如：The knife doesnt cut cleanly. 而clean作为形容词讲时意为“清洁的”、“干净的”，如：Her face is not clean now.6. clever 误Im not clever in English.正Im not clever at English.析clever at是固定搭配，表示在某方面有特长。7. close误It is cold outside. Please keep the door close.正It is cold out
30、side. Please keep the door closed.析这里的close是动词，意为“关闭”，而keep后要加形容词，所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为“近的”、“亲密的”。误Come closely so that I can see you.正Come close so that I can see you.误Good teaching and good testing are close related.正Good teaching and good testing are closely related.析close，closely同样可以作副词用，但其意义不同，close是“靠近”、“接近”之意，而closely则是“紧密”、“严密”、“密切”之意。误
