1、8初中八大时态被动语态动词时态和语态语法学案 【学习内容】动词的时态：时体现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时do/ does一般过去时 did/ were一般将来时will do一般过去将来时would do进行现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will be doing过去将来进行时 would be doing 完成现在完成时has/have done过去完成时Had done将来完成时will have done过去将来完成时 would have done完成进行现在完成进行时 has/have been doing过去完成进行时
2、had been doing将来完成进行时 will have been doing过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing1、一般现在时：(动词原形） sb+be(am/is/are)+表语，sb+do/does+n(宾语)(1)表示经常性、习惯性动作或状态：e.g. We have meals three times a day. He is always ready to help others.(2)表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)用在状语从句中，构成“
3、主将从现”的句子结构。e.g. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him. (4)表示已安排或计划好将来必定发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。 e.g. My birthday falls on May 2. The ship leaves at 9:00 a.m (5) 图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景等。 (6)由here, there, now, then开头的句子 e.g. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn.2
4、、一般过去时：(动词过去式） sb+be(was/were)+表语，sb+did(动词过去时）+n(宾语) 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用yesterday，last night，in 1990，two days ago，the day before yesterday，last summer，at that time e.g. He didnt watch TV last night. 三、 一般将来时：(will(shall) do) 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用tomorrow，next year，next week，in
5、 the future，the day after tomorrow。 e.g. He will be back in a few days.注意将来时几种形式的区别:will(shall) do, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do, do/does(1)will(shall) do 表示将来要出现的动作或状态; 表示事物的必然趋势; 表示主语的 “意愿”.will还有临时决定去做. e.g. Tom will come back next week. Man will die without air. -Who will g
6、o and help that poor old man? -Mary will . （玛莉愿意。）(2) be going to do表示即将会, 打算将(人打算去做);表示根据现在的现象对未来进行推断.e.g. He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他计划今晚到电视台讲话. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(3) be about to do 即将(马上要发生的动作.), 此句型不与时间状语连用.e.g. The train is about to leave. 火车就要开了.(4) be
7、 doing表示定于(指接近的将来动作)e.g. He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning. 他定于明天早晨到香港去.(5) be to do 表示按计划或安排要做的事情(定于, 指预定的将来动作)e.g. President Bush is to visit China next month. She is to get married next month. 表示 “应该”(指令性的动作),相当于should/must/have to e.g. This medicine is to be taken three times a day. Y
8、ou are to report to the police. 表示 “想, 打算”, 相当于intend, want.(能用在从句当中)e.g. If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now. be to be done的被动语态e.g. The news is to be found in the evening paper.(6) do/does 表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态.一般表示规定好的动作或状态.e.g. The train leaves at 8 oclock. The class begins at 9
9、oclock.4、过去将来时：(would do ; was/were going to do)过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中。 e.g. No one knew he was going to come. He said that he would go to the cinema.五、现在进行时：（am/is/are+doing）1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或目前这段时间内正在进行的动作.e.g. I was having breakfast at 7 in the morning. They are learning Chinese in
10、Beijing.2. be always doing表示反复出现或习惯性动作,带有赞赏,厌恶等情绪.e.g. He is always thinking of others He is always making the same mistakes.3.用进行时可以表示过程 e.g. Its getting cold. The leaves on the trees are turning brown.六、过去进行时： （was/were+doing） 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示也可由上下文暗示。常用时间状语：then，at that time
11、，this time yesterday，at ten yesterday e.g. As I was walking in the park, it began to rain They were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang.七、将来进行时：（will be doing）表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。 e.g. I will be busy this evening. I will be writing an article.八、现在完成时：（have/has+done） 现在完成时是以过去的时间
12、为起点，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 或表示一个动作从过去延续到现在。现在完成时的时间状语:so far, since, for, in the past few years, up to now, till(until)now, recently, for a longtime, already, yet, just, before, recently, lately(注:already常用于肯定句,yet 常用于否定句和疑问句中,且常位于句末) e.g. He has been in the League for three years. They havent finished
13、 their homework yet. We have already worked out that problem.注意:since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性动词, 句子意思是肯定的含义, 即:自从干至今.但是从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,句子的意思是否定的,即:自从不干.已经.e.g. It is 20 years since we came here. 自从我们来这儿已经20年了. It is 20 years since we lived here. 自从我们不在这儿住已经20年了.常见的瞬间动词有: come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave
14、, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, jump, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose。 That/It is the first/secondtime that 从句(从句要用现在完成时态)e.g. This is the first time (that) I have come here. 注意:做题的时候,一定要先审清题,
15、 然后在做, 出题时可能会利用你的思维定式,给你设下套儿.e.g. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别： His brother was in the army for five years.他的兄弟当过5年兵。（现已退役） His brother has been in the army for five y
16、ears. 他的兄弟已当兵5年。（现仍在部队里）九、过去完成时：（had done）过去完成时表示过去的过去, 即一件事情发生在过去, 而另外一件事情先于它发生.e.g. She said (that) she had never been to Paris. When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现 .sb had done sth before sb did/ sb did sth after sb had donee.g. I hadnt learned any English before I
17、came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语。 I went out for a walk after I had done my homework. 做完作业之后,我出去散步.注意:做题的时候,一定要先审清题, 然后在做, 出题时可能会利用你的思维定式,给你设下套儿.He _ football regularly for many years when he was young. A. has played B. had played C. played D. plays(1)过去完成时的时间状语:by last year/by the time of, by +含一般过去时态的句子表示 “
18、到为止”e.g. Edison had built a chemistry lab by the time he was ten注意下面的句子：e.g. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked（2)用于hardlywhen, no soonerthan的句式中, 表示 “一 就” e.g. We had hardly come home when it rai
19、ned. Hardly had we come home when it rained.(3)用在“It was the first/second.time+that”句型中用在“It was/had been+一段时间 since sb had done”句型中e.g. It was the third time that he had made the mistakes. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 十、将来完成时: （will have done） 常用的时间状语:by+表示将来的时间e.g. By t
20、his time of next year, all of you will have become college students.十一、现在完成进行时 ( has/have been doing) 一直做表示一个动作开始于过去，并一直持续到现在，并且仍在进行。e.g. He has been learning English for 6 years.十二、过去完成进行时：(had been doing ) 一直做表示一个动作开始于过去，并一直持续到过去，并且仍在进行动词的语态：（主动语态、被动语态）被动语态： 时 体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/are donewas/were d
21、onewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/werebeing donewill/shall be being donewould/shouldbe being done完成have/has been donehad beendonewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done完成进行Have/has been being donehad been being doneWill/shall have been being donewould/sh
22、ould have been being done(1)get+过去分词表示被动, 即get+donee.g. The patient got treated once a week. He fell off the car and got killed.(2) 主动表示被动的一些词: 感官动词:look, sound, feel, smell taste 系动词:appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keepe.g. The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be)
23、 practical. sth+be+adj to do某事做起来如何e.g. The clothes are easy to wash.=The clothes wash easily.动词 need ， require ， want 作“需要”解时，其后跟非谓语动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。 e.g. The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned. worth 的主语通常是物，但其后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，不能接不定式的被动式 e.g. The book is
24、 well worth reading. 注意:be worthy of being done=be worth doing The book is worthy of being read. 表示被动的词组:under+名词 under repair, under treatment, under control, beyond ones reach, beyond belief, in print, in sight,on sale, out of control, out of fashion, for sale, for rent (3)不能用于被动的词组. happen, take
25、place, break out, come about, come out，belong to, date back e.g. What has happened over there ? How did it come about ? 真题演练1 Im calling about the apartment you_the other day.Could you tell me more about it？ Aadvertised Bhad advertisedCare advertising Dwill advertise2 Could I use your car tomorrow m
26、orning? Sure.I_a report at home. Awill be writing Bwill have writtenChave written Dhave been writing3 What about your selfdrive trip yesterday?Tiring！The road is being widened，and we_a rough ride. Ahad Bhave Cwould have Dhave had4 Hurry up，kids！The school bus _for us！ Awaits Bwas waitingCwaited Dis
27、waiting5 On Monday mornings it usually _ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. Atakes Bis takingCtook Dwill take6 Jim _ a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank. Awatched Bhad watchedCwas watching Dwould be
28、 watching7 Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. Ahad been made Bwas madeChas been made Dwould be made8 Hurry up！Mark and Carol _ us. Aexpect Bare expectingChave expected Dwill expect9 So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ before a final decision i
29、s made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewing Care interviewed Dare being interviewed10He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he_it for a very long time.Ahas had Bhad hadChas DhadA档（巩固专练）1 Whatever you have found，you should give it back to whomever it _.Ais belonged to Bis belonging toCbelonged to Dbelongs to2 Now the worlds attention _ the stock markets，as they have a great influence on the worlds economy.Ais fixing on Bhas fixed onCis being fixed on Dhad been fixed on3 I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.Ataught Bha
