1、口译当中的跨文化交际存档编号 赣南师范学院学士学位论文Cross-cultural CommunicationIn Interpretation口译当中的跨文化交际教学学院 外国语学院 届 别 2011 届 专 业 英语 学 号 070402270 姓 名 陈凯 指导老师 陈萍 完成日期 2010 年 12 月 日 ContentAbstract.2Key words.2IBrief introduction of interpretation.31.1 What interpretation means31.2 Standards of interpretation31.3Culture c
2、ontents in interpretation.31.3.1 The common cultural contents of etiquette.31.3.2 Basic content of unique culture.4II. Brief introduction to cross-cultural communication.52.1 What is cross-cultural communication.52.2 Different cognitive behavior and cross-cultural misunderstanding.5III. Effects of c
3、ultural differences between western world and China.63.1 Geographical differences63.2 Difference of history in culture.63.3 Differences of customs in culture.63.4 Differences of religion .63.5 Difference of concept of value.63.6 Differences in ways of thinking.73.6.1 Indirect way and direct way of e
4、xpression and thinking 73.6.2 Westerners pay more attention to analyze, while Chinese pay more attention to overall73.7 Generally conclusion of difference between western world and China.7IV. How to train cross-cultural communication.4.1 Read Bible.84.1.1 Whats Bible.84.1.2 Why we need to learn Bibl
5、e.94.1.3 How to use Bible for cross-cultural communication in interpretation.94.2 Read some Chinese Classics.94.3 Other difficult in cross-cultural communication in interpretation.94.3.1 Interpretation of proverb.104.3.2 Interpretation of idiom.10VStrategy of urgent situation in interpretation5.1 Th
6、ree measures towards the situation of ot understanding the source language.115.2 Domestication and Foreignizing in interpretation.115.2.1 Domestication in interpretation.115.2.2 Foreignizing in interpretation.12AbstractAs we all know, different nationalities have different cultures, there are some s
7、imilarities among them, but also some differences. There are connections among different cultures, but also have unique cultural elements. It is such a kind of common link provides the foundation and possibility for interpretation. While different cultures with unique characteristics constitute the
8、obstacle for cultural exchange. From this perspective, the difficulty of interpretation means the difficulty of expression of cultural background knowledge and understanding. Interpretation is clearly not just a spoken language conversion process, but also a cultural communication, conversation and
9、the process of integration. There is a significant relationship between interpretation and cultural factors, background knowledge as well as the inherent values. And meanwhile interpretation affected their influence and limited by them. Therefore, in order to abide and pursuit of three standards of
10、interpretation, namely accurate and fluent, we must make the appropriate cross-cultural communication training. The paper focuses on how to train cross-cultural communication skills in the training of interpretation to meet the complete needs of high-quality interpretation.Key words: interpretation,
11、 cross-cultural communication, the common ground and difference between Chinese culture and western culture.I. Brief introduction to interpretation.1.1 What interpretation means Interpretation, essentially, means an extempore oral production, in one language, of what is said in another language. To
12、this may be added the following two points of clarification.(1) As proved by practice, interpretation cannot be viewed as a merely linguistic understanding, but should be regarded as an aspect of a larger domain namely, that of communication. In the case of complex discourses or speeches, interpreta
13、tion involves not only linguistic proficiency, but also encyclopedic knowledge.(2) A few words on the use of terms. In the United Nations, the term “interpretation”， when the immediate result is a speech reproduced orally in a language other than that spoken by the original speaker.I.2 Standards of
14、interpretation. There are two criteria to measure the merits of interpretation: first, accurate, and the second is fluent. First, the interpretation must be accurate. Accurate is the soul of interpretation. Accuracy requires interpreter transforms the information of the source language intact to the
15、 target language. Accurate target language should be while maintaining the original meaning of language and its style. Accurate interpretation is not only a guarantee of successful bilingual communication, but also the demonstration of interpreters ethics and professional standards Fluency is the ot
16、her major standard which interpreter must follow, if accurate is the basic requirement also of translation, and then the fluent will fully reflect the characteristics of interpretation. The fluency of interpretation including the speed of perception and translator parsing speed, and with the encodin
17、g and expression of the target language 1.3Culture contents in interpretation Language is a part of culture and therefore interpreting from one language into another cannot be done satisfactorily without adequate knowledge of the two cultures involved. The culture factors in interpreting are more si
18、gnificant than the purely linguistic differences. The most serious mistakes in interpreting are usually made not because of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions. Therefore in determine the meaning of words or idioms, the interpreter must not only look at the systematic contents but a
19、lso the cultural contexts, for “the cultural contexts of words are the keys to understanding the meaning of texts.” (“A study on NiDas translation theory, 2004)1.3.1 The common cultural contents of etiquette The common culture in international communication is mainly showed by etiquette. The trend o
20、f development of international society, on one hand is diversification; on the other hand, on the other hand, with the strengthening of exchanges between countries in the world, the world has shown an unprecedented unification of various local economic union and the strategic partnership relations,
21、such as the European Community, the Shanghai summit, APEC and other international and regional International organizations also support this trend. Of course, in a variety of international exchanges，it has some certain codes of action, in which the most direct expression of these is the performance
22、of common ritual culture faced with international organizations and conferences in the public. Understanding of this culture is the basic language quality of interpreters. Specifically, the contents of the common cultural rituals include the following. First, behavior. In the diplomatic context, beh
23、avior has a lot of requirements. In the international exchange activities, interpreters should maintain reasonable manner towards behavior and attitudes, since a successful interpretation cannot only include high level language without reasonable actions. Highest level of interpretation should be no
24、ted that the audiences have no attention to the existence of the interpreter. In addition, the interpreter should also be fully aware of the details of their standing position. In the modern international conferences and meetings, meeting etiquette is commonly used in hands or hugging, interpreters,
25、 in their own way of understanding the uses on the basis of which inform their clients of the ritual. Second, Dress. In the international exchange affairs, it has different requirements of dressing on the case of different occasions .For example, in political talks or formal business meeting, interp
26、reter should wear suits; in the tourism talks, it can be relatively free; in the multi-national gathering of cultural exchange, you can wear your own national costumes. Third, standing Stations. In the interpretation process, in addition to sitting during the negotiation, interpreters need to stand
27、to work. Sometimes they also need to participate in the gifts exchange or dinner. When we participate in these activities, interpreters should pay attention to the standing position. This is very important in interpretation; every detail is related to the success of interpretation. 1.3.2 Basic conte
28、nt of unique cultureDifferences of culture among different countries or ethnic nations mainly include the religious culture, food culture, physical culture, digital culture and so on.Religious culture. Different state and nation believed in different religions. Foreign language learners and interpre
29、ters should be more understanding of the target countrys religious belief and customs, in particular, habits of certain taboos. For example, in Islamic countries and regions people do not often remind pig and pork. In Thailand childrens head cannot be touched. If you do not understand these, you not
30、 only can not communicate well, even in the exchange process will you make conflictsFood culture. Due to religious differences in eating habits, food culture in the process of international exchange is also very important, for example: in Islamic countries and regions, people do not eat pork and fish without scales, the Japanese do not eat mutton, many countries in east Europe dont eat animal organs, guests can not drink in Arab countries. Foreign language lea
